Word Processing !n The Home
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COMPUTB's
January 1984
Issue/ Vol.2, No. 1
02220 S3.25 in Canada ©
For Owners And Users Of Commodore VIC-20 And 64; Personal Computers
Compuiing For Families ^SaSm*^
Reviews of some of the - — — r \ ± i.l - ^
1 , , ,. I ever lost the mstruc-
best educational games i- i • i
., I .X iL tions tor usmq a ta-
on the market tor the - cs _ _.
whole family to enjoy.
Evaluated by our crack
review panel — columnist
Fred D'Ignazio and his
own family.
SpeedScripf Word
Processor For
VIC And 64
Turn your computer into a
superior writing tool with
SpeedScripf, o ready-to -
type program with all the
major features of commer-
cial word processors. Writ-
ten entirely in machine
language for the 64 and
expanded VIC.
01
714S6"0Z220'
refracfysfcils Of
VeluriaSt Ccrve-fn:
Two Unique Gomes
For 64 And VIC
Create multicolored crystals
which grow and evolve in
Tefrocrystals, an unusual non-
violent gome for VIC and 64.
Or rescue trapped miners in
CaVe-ln, an exciting 3-D maze
game for the VIC. ''
Also In this Issued
TheBegiinner's
<!!omer
64BASKCAii.'
Graph Plotter For
VIC Ami 64
HSrrWAIRE:
Best-Selling ProRfrcsms
vorite progronn? Elec-
tronic Notepad keeps
the Information where
it belongs — on the
some disk with your
programs.
HARDHAT
CLIMBER
Thrilling Action Game
For VIC And 64
A
All you have lo do is pick up
the toolboxes scattered
throughout the building.
Seems easy enough. But
watch out for the broken
ladders, holes in the floor,
and tumbling barrels....
fl million laughs
■TM
drfinC UnHllIlt You are the game-happy owner
of the Spare Change Arcade. Two fun-loving, but overworked
Zerks — the main characters in your most popular game — have bro-
ken ioose and are trying to retire from the business. You try madly to
stop them, (f you can get a coin into the juke box, the Zerks get so
caught up in the music, they drop everything and start dancing. You
also try popping popcorn and making a pay phone ring— which
immediately makes the Zerks stop, answer and start a wild con-
versation. If you "win" the game,
there are rib tickling cartoons by
the Zerks to reward your efforts.
It's a game full of sight gags,
surprises and comedy From the
best. Br0derbund! For the
Apple" 11/11 + /lie, Atari'
Computers, and Commodore
64™ in disk format.
and an endless challeng
^^%- ■ nnv* niikiKirnTM
Here's a game that will never stop challenging
LODE RUNNER
you. That's because Lode Runner is more than a spellbinding, fast-
action game with its 150 different mind-boggling game screens. Lode
Runner is also an easy-to-use Game Generator that lets you create your
own games. Without any knowledge of programming, you can easily
design unique Lode Runnner screens, then bring them to action-packed
life. You will maneuver through scene
after scene, running, jumping, drilling
passages and outfoxing enemy
guards in a secret underground hide-
away as you pick up chests of gold
stolen from citizens of the Bungeling
Empire. There's no end to the thrills,
chills and challenge. Of course, it's
from Br^derbund! For the Apple'
ll/ll-l-/lle; Atari Computers;
Commodore 64™ {disk
and cartridge); VIG-20™
(cartridge); IBM" PC.
Ask your Br0derbund dealer for sneak previews.
^BroderbundSoftujare
Discover the Differeoce
17 Paul Drive San Rafael, CA 94903
ApolB II, N + . lis are ragialBwd tiodemarhs ol Appio Compiitor, liic ATARI 400fflO>o;i2DO, CoirimodoiH GJ and VIC-JO ar>a IBM nro
TfiidemarkB ol Alsn, Inc., Commodoro tloclronica. Lid , and Iniernalional Business Mac hi ntfs Corporation, respoctively.
First Star Has 4
Fernando Herrera, designer of A^OlMS^"' and
our design team again define "State of the Art!'
Superior graphics, real-time animations 7 multiple
ew Games.
screens, intermissions, arcade-quality sound,
innovative gaming, challenge and excitement-
we deliver it aE!
THE BAD NEWS? You can't play them all at once.
111;
^
uilll-'i
rLi
fijmr
Dealgned by Mu Laavene
■ (/ Shirley A, RueseU
MM AtaidVCSSeOO
i3 r^l* rmimQ f 4AU F^ril |Uf kfKnn Ui
BRISTLES
J. airr.r.g Prtervhs fiMor m Desired by jun [Jangano
-(N Designed by ;;>«^9i««, >Jj5 ^^^ jj^^^ ^^^^^^^^^
C Atari Home Computera ^_ „ ^ „ .
^ ConimodcreCcmpuWni V Co mmodoM Compute™
FLIP and FLOP^ PANIC BUTTON
STHS-fia Color CDmouter
by Paul KinsTsiy
Vlo-ao Home Computer
by Wayne Lam
O
T^^RSI
£srnR
OFTLURRglNC
"When being first counts we re number one! '
3S Ea£t 4lBt Slrert. Hew York, NY 10017
Dlstrft)utor and Dealer InquineB loTtted/g^ £334666
"Make note of that name, Electronic Arts.
It may well set the standard for sophisticated
entertainment software in the BO's."
— Creative Computing.
ELECTRONIC ARTS
COMES TO
THE COMMODORE.
ARCHON"
by Free Fall Aisodaia
"No review could possibly do
more than hint at the manifold
excellence of Archon. It is
truly a landmark in the devel-
opment of computerized
strategy- games." — Video
". . you're bound to fall for it.
Imagincachessyame in which
you can cast spells."
—Creative Computing
". . , the offices of A.N.A.LQG.
echo with the searinR roar of
dragon-fire and shouted
obscenities from anjjry players.
Archon turns friend against
friend and inspires grudges that
can last for da-^. What better
compliment can you give to a
computer program."
-A.N,A.LO.G.
HARD HAT MACK '"
by Michael Abbot and
Manhem Alexander
"An outstanding. state-<-)f-the-
art game. Hard Hat Mack is the
blue collar hero of this three
screen climbing game and his
tasks are far from simple."
— Arrade Express
"If you put Hard Hat Mack
in the ring with all other
games on the market, it
\vould win most bouts in
the opening scconcb of the
first round, it's that good."
-Softalk
t:(>4.Ap,At
Ap CM Ai ,L«T„f, ,,MMt«r Apple It. li f, HE. C^m.^iort M. n, Ann W>me (™p«.«, wi.l> Jl.. Jr.vt. Al] «,rt. ,h„r, „pr»,n. C™m<xlor. 04. Af^l,- i. . r.j-H.f rtd
traOmuik ..1 Applr C.impii.f r. Inc. G.rmiK»iurc fit It ■ roii>.cicil iri.dm»,li i.f Ctimmodarc lli.wv«, M«cliliw. Inc At«i i> » if (..tr-icd t..vlom»rl: ..* Aran, Irit , a Wjtwr Cumin
064,Ap.Ai
fit ,ri WjrticrCummufiiCHriLjni tjimfiflny
frj Ozark So^scape
"A musc-have."
—Electronic Fun
"May well become the Monopoly
of computer games"
— Personal Software
"Graphics, sound and humor
arc superlative."
— Creative Computing
"Recommendation ? Buy it."
— Sofdine
MURDER ON THE
ZINDERNEUF™
bj Free Fail Aisodates
"Whodunit fans, drop your
Agatha Christie and come
runninj;.Thts is your game! Tlie
jjraphics arc among the most
colorful and attractive 1 have
seen in any game."— Antic
rip, r _'Sgi^(^?<«M^ ,-.i..; r ...IP ....
[3-[M
^
""*^
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inw
MM-T J.Ln XXM* M« tu«
■lit • • s t
■r^>H«*B» I Ml ^-a «■-«' ^
cm. At
;«^
PINBALL
CONSTRUCTION SET
hyBillBiuigc
"The best program ever written
for an 8'bit machine."
— Steve Wo:niak
"A fully integrated
graphics-oric n ted
design tool that lets
you create your own
video pinball games,
required study for all serious
software authors'
-A.N,A,LO.G.
"A tour deforce"
— Crearive Computing
Electronic Arts
Home Software for the Commodore 64
Lt*k ior our ufhcr Cirtrimodfirc M mlf i liLc AXIS ASSASSINr'U'ORKtS?7*nd TKt TISSCKACT STttAT tCiV ii ymir InvoTHe c^irr-puicr »K>r<-. *<«(twAre tenter .nJ ai fiw (hrariiiMfrvt *(orf* ihrfHJBh<>ut the cimnirv
hir mcircinformatioJirtlxiuTilwitf irvJmtwrElcctmnK AirisprtjJucii.wTirt'of cnlluinr 27^5 Campu* Drive, Sun Matfo, CAy4401 -HI5l 57]'7lTl
*?■
X^e all thumbs at Hie
MasterTypfwill make you a computer whiz.
MasterType #1 on everybody's list ...
the first step in computer literacy.
MasterType delivers. It is the one and only
typing program that dares to be fun without
being intimidating. It combines the fast action of
video games with the best typing skills develop-
ment techniques available. The result? Highly
motivated and enjoyable learning.
After each of the 18 action-packed program
segments, you'll see how you measure up. And
you'll become so caught up in the action that
before you know it, you'll become a master at the
keyboard, calling all the shots:
On disks for
Applet Atarit Commodore 64" $39.95
IBM-PC $49.95
MasterType is part of the growing Scarborough
family which includes Songwriter and Picture-
Writer, as well as the forthcoming software for
home management, science and business games.
New
Atari" and Commodore 64'' cartridges.
IMf*"'"^ '
lnswc«*>^
«»^'^
^^"H ^^^ ■ ■ ^^^ gg You'll grow with UM.
TheScmbomughSfsleni.
©Scarborough Systems, Inc., 25 N. Broadway Tarrytown, N.Y 10591
Kt^^V.: .*]
■.■■■■■■■■■I
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January 1984 Vol. 2« No. 1
Word Processing In The Home Tom R. Halfbil! 30
SpeedScripf Word Processor For VIC And 64 Charles Brannon 38
The Inner World Of Computers, Pari 3: How A Computer Remembers Tom Prendergast 60
Getting Started With A Disk Drive, Port 3: More Disk Commands Charles Brannon 66
Inside View: Marion Taylor, The Programmer Behind Touch Typing Tutor Kafhy Yakal 76
V/64
Cave- In For VIC- 20 Paul i. Bupp & Stephen P. Drop
Hardhat Climber Chris Lesher ,
Tetrocrystols Of Velurio Todd Heimarck
Canyon rriiisor Thomas Catsburg
80 V
82 V/64
86 V/64
96 V/64
Clii.cirer-.'ir L.i^,^.,.]; onol Games Tony Roberts 120 V/64
Computer Baseball And Ringside Seat For Commodore 64 Gregg Keizer , 124 64
APPLICATI
Computing For Families: New Family Learning Games Fred D'ignazio 102
64 Electronic Notepad Dan Carmichael 112 64
Alpha-Siv^Mi Neil T, rnrnkH 118 V/64
OGRAMMIN
The Beginner's Cotr!.:.'i-: Built-in Functions C. Regena 130 V/64
Graph Plotter Ruth A. HIcics 145 V/64
Machine Language For Beginners: Addressing Richard Mansfield 150 V/64
64 BASIC Aid Harold D. Vanderpool 156 64
LIST Freezer Doug Ferguson JJO V/64
Hints & Tins: Centering VIC Screens Mary Conlln 1"2 V
EPARTM
:33txsafRfi-^'^
The Editor's Notes Robert Lock 6
Gazette Feedback Editors & Readers 10
HOTWARE: This Month's Best Sellers Kathy Yakal . 20
Simple Answers To Common Questions 7am R. Halfhill 24
Horizons: 64 Charles Brannon 1^6
VlCreotions: LJsing The Dynamic Keyboord Dan Carmichael 140
News & Products Tony Roberts
64
V
164
OGRAMty
159
168
Buy-Sv,'ail(!r : j'v'iucii.: :;;^,);;s & Corrections
How To Type In COMPUTEI's GAZETTE Programs
A Beginner's Guide To Typing In Programs 169
The Automatic Proofreader . • 1^^
MLX: Machine Language Entry Program For Commodore 64 And VIC-20 Charles Brannon ... 171
Program Listings - 1'2
Product Mart • • 205
Advertisers Index • ^^"
V/64
V/64
V/64
• = Generol, V = VIC-20, 64 = Commodore 64.
COMrUW-i C.i;,-((. is iitiWishi'd IwcWc limvsejdi vcir l-v COMPUTtl Pul>lii4iii>ns, Inc.. Pii%t Offia- Bo* 540b, Gri-i'n,biim, \*C 274(13 USA. r'iKiiu' (''!'i)2"S-"'»*<W.
Fdilorial itiliri'^.irv (ih-.iIi-J m W\ Fdvv.irdt.i Drivi', C^rivinKim, W: ;74OT. DuriK'Slic substriptkins; 12 issues, S2f), Send subscripliiin iirdiTs iirrh.iiifio iil .iddrcs*
(r' O i-urm 357''! I" Cirtul.iliiin IJt-pt,, COMI'lirWi Cazcth; I'.O. I!i>x S-l(l(i, (;u'i-n>,biini, NC" 27AIB Second clnsB .ijiplic.itiuii jii'tidlnc ,il Grffn!.t'i!ni, NC 274(Bjimt
.ni'dil'ion.il mit\Ui\f, olfifos. HiUin- o>ntftils rnpiTlslil l IW.'thy COMi'UTII r'lilillcilioiis, Inc. All ri^hli, n-scTwd, ISSN 07.'S7..17Ui. "
SDCK)^
THE EDITOR'S
An End And A
Beginning
The Friday, October 28, announce-
ment by Texas Instruments that
they were withdrawing from the
home computer industry was met
with mixed emotions. While we
can't speak directly for the hun-
dreds of thousands of TI owners,
we're certain there was disap-
pointment and chagrin. As re-
cently as 14— 16 months ago, one
highly regarded industr}' analyst
was touting the TI product line
as becoming the lender in the
industry. Oh, well. We'll be curi-
ous to see what Tl's promise of
continued service and support
turns into.
One thing that's noted
below in "The Beginning" por-
tion of this editorial regarding
IBM's announcement of PCjr is
that they've adopted a strategy
of open architecture. Third-party
developers will be assisted and
encouraged in the access to in-
formation necessary to help them
develop hardware, cartridges,
software, etc. This was not the
TI approach during product mar-
keting; rather, they chose to
make their marketing channels
proprietary in many ways, to
force vendors to work through
them.
Given that many software
vendors will probably turn from
the TI in favor of other, more
active markets, we wonder if TI
will release vendors from this
restriction. We anticipate that
the strong and active TI user
groups will be able to maintain
support for some time, even if the
level from TI begins to decline.
Given the merchandising routes
used by TI, we expect that sup-
port products will be strong
sellers through December, and
then begin to disappear from
many of the single product out-
lets. After all, no one can realis-
tically expect the local drugstore
that sells TI to continue to main-
tain and rotate TI software and
new products from the third-
party market after the machine
is no longer for sale.
In closing, the news wasn't
met negatively by Wall Street
Within just two days of the an-
nouncement, Tl's stock rose by
almost 30 percent. We assume
that TI will think long and hard
about any future entries into the
home computer market after their
several abortive tries since 1980.
The Beginning
IBM's November 1st announce-
ment of PCjr was long awaited,
eagerly watched, and disap-
pointing to some. As a home
computer, the unit{s) are impres-
sive, powerful, restrained as
breakthroughs go, and expen-
sive. All things considered,
though, we can be quite confi-
dent that PCjr will make a major
mark in next year's marketplace.
Our editors are hard at work
developing materials in support
of PCjr (we'll be adding both PC
and PCjr to our sister publication
COMPUTE!), and hoping anx-
iously that some kind third-party
vendor will quickly develop a
keyboard designed for touch
typists. At a glance: bottom line
PCjr with 64K and cassette
BASIC: $689.00 plus $40 per joy-
stick (?!), $30 for a cassette cable,
$30 for RF modulator, etc. If
you'd like the expanded PCjr
with its one (and only one may
be used) disk drive, you'll start
at $1259. But, as with all top-of-
the-line products and prices,
you can expect full service, sup-
port, and a tremendous amount
of sophisticated IBM and third-
party software. And we project
it's a reasonable bet that IBM
won't pull out of the market-
place. Beyond the concern over
the keyboard is the lack of ex-
tended sound and graphics
capabilities on the bottom-line
unit. Many of these capabilities
can be added by going to the
extended BASIC that is available
on a $75 plug-in cartridge. But
apparently sprites don't exist,
and color isn't as extensive as
that on the 64 (although resolu-
tion is higher).
And in closing, one COMPUTE!
pundit had this remark about
the new PCjr: "If I could interface
it with my 64 I could have great
sound and graphics...."
Happy new year! from
COMPUTE! Publica'tions.
Editor In Chief
6 COMPUni's Gazette Jonuoryl9a4
WordPro 3 Plus764
The #1 Selling Word Processor for the Commodore 64'
WordPro 3 Plus'"/64 and SpellRight Plus'" provide a total word
processing solution for the Commodore M' which gives you:
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* Math Functions for Column Totals
* Fast and Complete Spell Checking via SpellRight Plus
* A Super Value (two programs) for Onty S99.95!
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51 Fremont Street
Needham, MA 02194
(617)444-5224
Telex: 951579
Dealer and Distributor inquiries are invited.
WordPro 3 Plu3''/64 and SpellRight Plus™ are Iradamarka of Professional Software Inc.
The WordPro Plus Series was designed and writtar by Steve Punter of Pro-Micro Software Ltd.
SpellRight Plus was designed and written by Dwigtvt Huff and Joe Spatalora of SpellMaster Systems. Inc.
Some printers may not support certain WordPro 3 Plus funclions and/or require an inlarface Please cfveck with your dealer.
Commodore 64" is a trademark ol Commodore Electronics Ltd.
COMPUTirPublicationsJnc.®
One or trie ABC Pijbiishing Cormponios ^^^r
PublUherCirv' R. Inger.snll
Editor in Chief Rubtrt C. I.uck
Dirertdr of Administmllon Alice 5. VVoltV
Senior Edifor Rithnrd Miins field
Managing Editor KtUhli'on K. Mtirtini'k
Art/Design Director Guorgia Bikns Dnvis
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Address all advertising materials to:
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503 Edwardia Drive, Clreensboro, NC 27-H)9
Data Processing
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Accounting
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Assistants: Linda Miller, Doris Hall; Staff: Anna Harris,
Emilie Covil, Anne i-erguson
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Jerrv Thoinpson 415-348-8222
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JoAnn Sullivan 610-941-2313
EdWinchell 213-37H-H361
Harry Blair 919-273-9809
Jules E. Thompson, Inc.
National and Canadian Sales Representatives
1290 Howard .-Xvenue, Suite 303
Burlingame, CA94OI0
8 COMPUTEi'sGaiano J a n u □ i y 1 98'!
Sales Offices,
New England
Mid-Atlantic
Southeast
Midwest
Texas
Northwest
Northern CA
Southern CA
Nevada, Arizona
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Colorado
The Thompson Company
617-720-1888
212-772-0933
919-275-9809
312-726-6047
713-731-2605
408-354-5553
4 ] 5-348-8222 or 408-354-5553
6 19-941 -2313 or 2 13-378-8361
619-941-2313
213-378-8361
303-595-9299
COMPUTE! Publications, Inc., publishes
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['utiiicilions. Inc., assuiivcs no liiibilily forcrn>rs in articles or adver-
tisements. Dpiiiioiis expressed tiv authors are not necessarilv those
of COMPUTE! Publications, Inc.
ITT, CH.M, VlC-20, and Commodore 64 ,ire trademarks of Commo-
dore Business .Machinev, Inc.. and or Commodore Electronics
Limitc-d. tlther than as an independent supplier of i]ualitv informa-
tion and M'n ices to owner;- and users of Commodore products,
COMPUTE! Publications, inc., is in no w.n' .issociated with Lonitmi-
dore liusjness Machines, Inc., or any of its subsidiaries.
^
spinnaker Aerobics! The moreyou do,
tlie less you liave to show for it.
Spinnaker's new computer fitness program
makes shaping up fun to do. And makes you
feel terrific.
AER0SIC5 gives you everything you need. Warm-
ups, stretches, aerobics, cool-downs. It lets you work
on overall fitness. Allows you to concentrate on con-,
ditloning specific parts of your body Or both. X_.
Best of all, you can exercise on your own sched- f
ule. In your own home. For as long or
'_ ..^^* as little as you like. Whatever works
for you.
Whether you're a beginner or already In great
shape, you'll love working
out with Spinnaker AEf^0BIC5.
Which nneans you'll do It more
often. And have even less to
show for it.
AER0BIC5 is compatible
with Apple," Atari," and
Commodore 64'" computers
SPffiNAK09
We make learning fun.
lb 19Q3. SfiiftfiflKr-r 5f>f twflfft Corp. ^ll fights roservo<3- rtppic and Atari arc rcfjistprpi!] ifddprnttrhs o( Apple ComDutpr, fnc and fttari, Inc fespecdveiv CcmrrnjdDte &4 13 a irfldrmarK of
Commodofe Ciettronkcs, Ltd. ACROftlCS computer progranri J5 ^'^ trade marhi of 5|&i.nnaker Softiware Cofo
GAZETTE FEEDBACK
EDITORS AND READERS
Do you have a question or a problem? Have
you discovered something that could help other
VIC-20 and Commodore 64 users? Do you have
a comment about something you've read in
coMPUTEi's GAZETTE? We Vfunt lo hear from you.
Write to Gazette Feedback, compute['s gazette,
P.O. Box 5406, Greensboro, NC 27403.
1526 Printer Recall
I have recently purchased a Commodore 1526
printer for my Commodore 64 computer system. I
have found that I cannot load programs from my
1541 disk drive while the 1526's power switch is on.
If the power switch is on and I attempt to load the
program, the system lucks up after a short period
of time and the only way I can reset the system is to
turn off the computer. Also, programs I have pur-
chased which require repeated accessing of sequen-
tial or relative files will lock up the system if the
printer is on.
The dealer who sold mc this equipment assured
me that this was normal operation. However, I
wrote to a software company complaining that their
software was not working correctly with my printer
and they advised me that the 1526 printer and the
1541 disk drive were incompatible. I have written to
Commodore four different times and have received
no reply.
Are you aware of any incompatibility problem
between the 1526 printer nnd the 1541 disk drive? If
so, could you please explain what tlie problem is?
Do you have any idea what Commodore plans to
do to resolve this problem?
Gary L. Martin
The recently introduced Commodore 1526 printer does
indeed suffer from serious problems when used witit the
1541 disk drive — or anif dex?ice on the serial port. Com-
modore has recalled the 1526 from dealers and instructed
them to accept returns from any aistomers expmencing
problems.
The 1526 is an 80-cohimn dot matrix printer, similar
10 COMPUTEI'S Gazeth JanuorYl984
to the 4023 printer that has been available for the Commo-
dore PETs and CBMs. The 1526 appeared on the market
briefly, then rapidly disappeared. According to a Commo-
dore spokesperson, the 1526 suffers from a "firmware
problem" that interferes with other devices plugged into
the serial port (such as the 1541 disk drive). One Commo-
dore dealer wrote to us saying that in some caseSj the
problem can be helped if the equipment is siaitched on in a
certain order (in general, turn on the 64, the disk drive(s),
and the 1526; see last month's "Gazette FcedlTack").
If this does not help, xue recommend returning the
printer to your dealer for a refund. It is not nonnal opera-
tion for any computer system to lock up when correctly
interfaced peripherals are being used. At this writing,
Commodore does not knoxo when the 1526 will be fixed
and remarketed. Perhaps it will fv available again by the
time you are reading this.
Reruns For Automaf ic
Proofreader?
Before I received the October 1983 issue of COM-
PUTEI's GAZmr, I had many problems getting
programs that I typed in from the magazine to
come out right. When 1 read and used the "Auto-
matic Proofreader" it did help me, but only with
the programs with the REM statements [Proof-
reader checksum numbers). If I used this program
lo check an eariier program listed in your magazine
[without the checksum numbers], I could not under-
stand how to check those lines.
Can you toll mo how 1 could use this helpful
checksum program with these other programs?
How does it work, and how can I figure out the
REM numbers of these other programs? Do you
have hiture plans to relist the earUer programs listed
without the checksum numbers?
Jeff Cherkis
In the September issue you asked for feedback on
the GAZFITE. First I'd like to say that once in a while
a magazine jumps out in front of the pack, some-
times by design and sometimes by doing something
lucky. The GAZETTE did it with the program "Proof-
I'
L*-
■=%
;
VC-
■*
Introducing Snooper Troops detective series.
Educational games that turn
ordinary homes into Sherlock homes.
Where can you find educational computer games that
your kld5 will really enjoy playing?
Elementary, my dear Watson, from Spinnaker.
Our5hOOPER TR00P5" detective games are fun, exciting
and challenging. And best of all, they have real educational
value. 5o while your Kids are having fun, they're learning.
As a Snooper Trooper your child will have a great time
solving the mysteries. But It will take some daring detective
work. They'll have to question suspects, talk to mysterious
agents, and even search dark houses to uncover clues.
Luckily, the program provides your kids with everything
ttiey need: like a SnoopMobile, a wrist radio, and a 5noopriet
computer.
5riOOPER TROOPS detective games help your children
learn to take notes, draw maps, organize and classify Infor-
mation and they help develop vocabulary and reasoning
skills. All while your kids are having a good time.
5o if you want to find educational games that are really
fun, here's a clue: ask your local
retailer for 5M00PER TR00P5
computer
games.'
"Avdktatife In CisKs for
IBM,* Atari,* Apple,*
CommodofffG4.'"
Sl>^^iPP^?iill^!^l>l^
sPi/maK09
We make learning fun.
ti LtJflJ, "ipinrMafMrf^riwflfeCwp fliirigntspeMrvwi flp(«t, \X^'!^^^fi^W\ a^ e i egisterwi tffl<3emsfk5 op Apple Coriipuierr.irit , inicnutiDrmi Bij:.int'iLri.Kriim"tCorri flrieiAi.Vi, iiiL.i«spcttii.viv Ccia':mflo:i'i? tHi j^ a [rj^iiinjrh
mt comfTnyiiwi' p»cfMfihic» I'mHetf IinoOP'CM iHOtJH^ ccnT^puipr pJOQ/arn 15 a tradema'K ofipinnaho ^oftwjpu Cyrp
'"-*.-
"H
^
]\
It's cold on top of the
mountain. But the view
is great and the people
are pulling for you.
So you pull on your
gloves, adjust your
goggles, check your
bindings, take a deep
breath and you're off.
Now the clock is
running, so you'd better
concentrate on your
technique. Get as
close to the gates as
you can, but not too
close -contact with a
slalom pole will cost
you precious penalty
seconds. Turn too
sharply and you'll
come to a stop.
And slalom poles
aren't the only obsta-
cles m your path. This is a
the rockT ^^^e^ber, so look out for
You can ski around them Or
jump over them -your choice
Just don't waste too many
tenths of a second trying to
make up your mindl
Developed by Steven Sidlev
Avatlable on diskette for
your Commodore 64 '
'.fe.
There are those who say
that motocross asks
more from the athlete
than any other sport.
That may or may
not be true. But this
much is true.
Motocross! is un-
like any computer
game youVe ever
come across.
At the start/finish
line you check your
gauges, gun your
engine and surge onto
the course.
Through the cor-
ners, up the hills, into
the ruts and down the
straights you maneu-
ver for position and
try to beat the clock.
Stay ahead if you
can. But whatever you do
^^stay on the course. If you don't one
of two things will happen. ^n i, une
You'll slow down and lose
valuable seconds. Or worse
you'll wind up on the seat
of your pants, . „-
Who says computers ^i
don't like to get dirty?
Developed by Jim Rupp
Available on diskette
for your Commodore 64'"
H 9a an
■•^-
iCommpdofe \
r
7
/8295 South U CieHegaf B.lvcf. /
Indlewood, C'A 9C^3Q1 (213)''2157b53SL
reader" by Charles Brannon in the October issue.
What more can I say — fantastic — ^nd now for a
suggestion:
Print /»s/ the lir\e number and checksum iorall
of the programs in your previous issues. Example:
120-147
130-121
elc.
Why bother? Your readers will love you and
you'll get reader loyalty.
Stuart B.Wahlberg
We have received many Idlers from readers compli-
menting the Autoniatic Proofreader, including some
letters from people loho said they had never got a program
lo ivork correctly iintU they used the Proofreader. Almost
every letter requested checksum numbers for programs
previously published in COMPUTEI's GAZETTE. Some
people wanted to know how to compute their own
checksum numbers for these earlier programs; they
didn't understand lohy the checksums appear incon-
sistent (i.e., short program lines sometimes have
large numbers while long lines sometimes have small
numbers).
We also received a few letters from readers who
said the Proofreader doesn't work and neither do the
programs they enter with it. We'd like to take this
opportunity to discuss possible problems that may be
encountered when using the Proofreader to enter pro-
grams, and to address your other questions arid com-
ments about our program listings as well.
First of all, the Automatic Proofreader does work.
Some VIC'20 tape users had problems reLOADing
programs entered with tlie first version of the Proofreader
(see November "Bug-Swatter" and November/ December
"Autotnatic Proofreader"). But even this problem never
affected the typing or checking of the programs, and it
was immediately corrected in the next version oftlie
Proofreader. The Proofreader repeatedly passes all in-
house testing, and mast readers we hear from have used
it with success.
Readers experiencing problems with the Proof-
reader should carefully check their typing of the Proof-
reader program; as zve noted in October, unfortunately
it can't check itseU (although the current version does
check for errors in the DATA statements). If you make
a subtle error when typing the Proofreader, it can cause
incorrect results when using it to check other programs.
A couple of readers who had trouble with the Proofreader
sau) no difference between the VlC-20 and Commodore
64 versions published in the October issue and concluded
that we mistakenly published the same iKrsion twice.
Both versions are very similar. Hozoever, they are not
identical. The difference is the fifth DATA element
in line 220. To reduce confusion, we rcrurote the
Proofreader so the same version now ivorks on both
computers.
Assuming the Proofreader program itself has been
entered correctly, ive have traced most of the problems
1 4 COMPUTEI's Gazelle January 1 984
some readers are encountering to three main causes:
• Transposed keystrokes. Because of the way
the Proofreader checksum numbers arc computed (see
below), the Proofreader cannot detect transposition
errors. In other words, if you type PIRNT instead of
PRINT, tiie Proofreader won't know the difference. Of
course, this particular typo would result in a 7SYNTAX
ERROR AT LINE xxx zohen the program is run, but
other transpositions might not cause a syntax error.
The most connnon example is mimbcrs in DATA state-
ments. If you type DATA 156 instead of DATA 165,
the Proofreader still thinks everything is okay. So does
the computer. You probably won't get an error message,
but the program won't 7Vork rigiit. Solution: Be extra
alert for transposition errors.
• Long program lines. Normally, you can't
enter a program line longer than 80 characters on the
Commodore 64 or 88 characters on the VJC-20. Hozo-
ever, many programmers abbreviate keywords when
writing their programs to save typing and memory.
When the programs are listed, the abbreviations auto-
matically expand into t lie full keywords, and lines longer
than 80 or 88 characters often result. The only way
these lines can be typed from a listing is to use the same
abbreviations (see "Simple Answers To Common Ques-
tions" elsewhere in this issue). Since the Proofreader
cannot handle abbreviations, it cannot accurately check
these lines. Solution: Use abbreviations to type long
lines and carefully check the typing yourself. Because
long lines cause so many problems for so many readers,
xve are trying to eliminate them wherever possible, and
we urge programmers not to use abbreviations unless
absolutely necessary.
• Mistakes in listings. Theoretically these should
never happen. Theoretically. But sometimes tiiey do.
We receive letters from some readers who doubt that we
test programs before publication, or who doubt that the
programs work in the first place. However, we promise
that all programs do work and are tested. (For those
u>ho still don't believe if, proof can be seen in the screen
photos whicli accompany almost all programs in COM-
PUTEI's GAZETTE — if the programs don't work, or if we
don't try them, where do the screen photos come from?)
After testing, the listings are made on a printer directly
from disk and then photographed, not retypeset. In
theory this should produce a perfect listing of the program.
But in practice there are about two dozen things
that can go wrong, including some in the printing proc-
ess which are effectively beyond our control (see this
month's "Bug-Swatter"). However, most listing prob-
lems are within our control, and we are constantly
striving to reduce them to a mininnim. If you discover
a subtle error in the operation of a program, chances are
it escaped our testing. But if a program runs obviously
wrong or crashes altogether at the outset, it is a sure
sign of a typo — introduced either during the listing
process (us) or the typing process (the user). These
tyf>os are extremely hard to track down. Upon receiving
the first complaints, toe immediately test the program
gaKO^femBiiC-
:~ -ijtef
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ATARI 400/800/600XL
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INTELLIMISION
COMMODORE VIC 20
ATARJ 2600
35 tJ
COLECOVISION
; A T.r,t;t-^;., A,>
TOU CAN PLA^ FROGGER"
.c^ATTOURPAD.
FROGGER is one of the all-time great award- winning home video
games. And now Parker Brothers has programmed it into m
^ all the most popular video and computer formats so you can IB
■ keep things hopping in your own home.
Catch Frogger along with POPEYEr
- Q^bert/TUlMKHAM'" and SUPER
COBRA™ where you buy your video and com- '[^B4RKER M
puter games. You'll find it absolutely ribbitting. BROTHERS ^i
ColM-oVidKjn 19 J irjtlcroark uf C«l«o tridiisirk'S. Im. (; ISi(0 1'jrktt Broiher*. Beviil^ Mrt OUIS. Intefliviikxi ii 9 tcnilcmuk nf Mittel. Inc. Cwmnudore VIC 20 and CommftdiMc 64
ate Ifjiknutkj t>( CoiTtmodiMP Business Maelitncs. In.;. Tfxh» liiiSnimciils SSMA 1« a ttKfirojrk ot Tex.is InnnimcMs, Int. Alati,' Atari VtJi-n Cnrriputer Syaieni." Atari ^OO(80Oi*OOXL-
ailil Ataifi BZW VidiM) Ganw Svsiem are tradeiiMcks ut Alsii, Tiy. "TM dfiijtiialtfs a trademark «f SWfta Enltipriwi. liK. c JSM Stm Knrctptisufs. Itic.
from our archive disks. So far, a program has never
failed to run. Unforhmatdy, all this tells us is that the
typo happened sometime after we tested the program,
saved it on disk, and made the listing. Unless we can
find a discrepancy between our workuig copy of the
program and our published listing, we cannot assume
an error. We are often guided in these cases by reader
feedback. If we receive a large number of similar com-
plaints about a certain program, we strongly suspect
something went wrong at our end. But if some readers
tell MS a certain program works fine, while others say it
does not, it is difficult for us to conclude the first group
of readers somehow made a typo that just happened to
correct the alleged typo we made. Solution: If a program
docs not work, and neither you nor a proven copy of the
Proofreader can find an error, write or call us to describe
the exact nature of the problem. Perhaps zve loUl have a
fix, or can report that other readers are having no trouble
with the program.
Noio (0 address your other questions. The Proof-
reader, of course, requires you to compare the number
which appears at the top of the screen to the checksum
number in the program listing. SitKe previously pub-
lished progratns lack these checksum numbers, you
cannot check them with the Proofreader. Nor can you
compute your own checksum numbers. The computer
which makes our listings automatically generates the
checksums by adding the ASCII values of all the charac-
ters in a line and storing the sum in a single byte. Since
one byte holds the sum, the checksum never exceeds
255. Ifthesuir. is greater than 255 , the byte "rolls over"
past zero. For example, 240 -i- 20 = 4 (a principle well
known to machine language programmers). That ex-
plains why some short program lines have large
checksum numbers a)ui vice versa. (Incidentally, it also
means that there's a tiny chance that two or more typos
in a line could cancel each other out and yield a correct
checksum match.)
Even if you manually computed your own check-
sums this way, they would be meaningless, since they
would be throxvn off by any errors in the line. The
checksum must be computed from a working version of
the program, as our listing computer does.
Several readers have asked us to republish tine
numbers of earlier programs with just the checksum
numbers appended (there is not enough space fo reprint
the programs and articles in their entirely). That way,
you could check for typos in programs you typed in
months ago but never got to work. We are considering
this and will do so if there is enough demand. Let us
know how you feel.
Copyright Q.uestions
I have a few questions about the programs listed
in your magazine. Can 1 photocopy them? Photo-
copy machines are in libraries and about every-
where else. I once read a-news clipping where the
courts have ruled that it's okay to photocopy some-
thing for your own personal use and files. Is this
16 COMPUTEt'i Gaiafte Jonuor>'19a4
SO? What is, and what is not public domain? Can
I use the programs listed in COMPUTEI's GAZETTE
at my place of business as well as my home?
Clarence C. Hogan
Everything in COMPUTEI's gazette is copyrighted,
and nothing is in the public domain unless specifically
stated. This is true of virtually all magazines and books,
unless they specify otherwise. This meatis that programs
you type in from a magazine or book which you have
purchased are for your personal use. You may not sell
the programs in any form, or give copies to people ivho
have not purchased the same book or magazine issue.
Both parties are liable if this federal law is broken. Photo-
copies are fine as long as they are for your personal use.
You can use the programs at your palace of business
with the saine restrictions.
From VIC To 64
I own a VIC-20, but have decided to purchase a
Commodore 64. I would like to know if you could
answer some questions. First, are all the cartridges
made for the VIC-20 compatible with the 64? Sec-
ondly, can machine language be used directly on
the 64? I heard that it can be used on the VIC-20,
but you're better off buying some kind of software
on cartridge. Does the Commodore 64 need any
additional software to run machine language
easily? Thirdly, do you know where I can write to
Commodore to obtain information about software,
hardware, maintenance, etc., pertaining to their
products? Any information you can give me would
be appreciated.
Brian Cummings
No cartridges for the VIC-20 are compatible with the
Commodore 64, or vice versa. The cartridge ports (where
you plug in the cartridges) are different sizes on the 64
and the VIC. Even if you could make (he cartridges fit
the slot, the programs encoded in the cartridges would
not be compatible.
Neither the VIC nor the 64 needs any additional
software to run machine language programs. Machine
language is the native language of all computers— the .
language with which they "think." BASIC, on the
other hand, is a foreign language to computers (just as
it is to people) and must be interpreted internally before
the computer can understatul the instructions. Machine
language programs can be loaded and run directly fro7n
tape, disk, or cartridge with either the VIC or 64. A
machine language program can even be loaded into
memory by a BASIC program with the POKE statement .
It call then be run with the SYS or USR commands.
However, to write machine language programs on
a VIC or 64, you generally do need additional software.
In theory, you could get by without it by laboriously
converting the machine language instructions into
decimal numbers by hand and then POKEing them into
memory with BASIC. For short routines this might
work out. But for more ambitious programs, most people
HOW TO
GET Q'BEKTOUT OF
TOUR SYSTEM.
If you've been wanting to play Q^bert, but haven't been able to find it available
for your home system, your time has come. Because now you can keep aiw^^sv^n :
things hopping with any of these popular home video and computer formats.
Get going to your nearest video store and get Q*bert
today And wnile you're there, check out Parker
Brothers' POPEYEf FROG^ER;" TUTANKHAM;"
and SUPER COBRA.™ All the great Arcade Action '^
games, now in all the great home formats.
CotemViWM » I iwfcmirii of CoIko lainlnM, [ac C 1983 Pakcr Brattnts. BoTriK MA 0I91S, hlf lli™oBinti»kl»A oiMJltel Inc. Cesmatet VIC a jaJ Canmodat 64 at trattaaita of Coomoilore BmioeB Mxtow.
It TtMi bMnimW I »■■« iuln4BBrk<i(Tt™ bHlramrau. Ik. AUn'. * Aori Vtire Cai^
i
who value their sanity prefer to use a monitor or ati
assembler to write machine language. Sotne computers
(such as the earlier Commodore PETs and the Apple)
have built-in monitors, but consumer computers aimed
at the home market generally do not. Most people find
that assemblers are the easiest way to write machine
language, especially if their previous programming
experience is with high-level languages such as BASIC.
Monitors and assemblers are available on cartridge,
tape, ami disk for cither the VIC or 64. To learn more
about monitors, assemblers, and machine language, see
"Machine Language For Beginners," a regular monthly
column in COMI'U'I'El's GAZETTE.
To write to Commodore for more information about
its computers and other products, use this address:
Commodore Business Machines, Inc.
noo Wilson Drive
mstatestct;I'AT93SO
For maintenance information, you might try this
address:
Commodore Service Center
950 Airport Road
Westchester, l^ A 19380
An authorized Commodore dealer in your area
tnay also he able to answer your inquiries. You can call
1-408-727-3754 for repair cost and full service informa-
tion. Commodore also offers a customer assistance
number, 1-215-436-4200. As of this ivriting, Conmto-
dore's toll-free customer assistance number is no longer
active.
Expanded VIC Memory
I have a Commodore VIC-20 computer and would
like to know what you mean when you say (before
a long program) "for VIC-20 expanded to 8K."
Does this mean total RAM or user RAM? With my
Super Expander cartridge I have 8K total RAM
(the VIC has 5K, and my expander adds an addi-
tional 3K of RAM). I would like to know if 1 can
now run some of your programs which say this.
Steve Medendorp
All VICs have the built-in 5K of Random Access Memory
(RAM), so when we say "for the 8K expanded VIC-20,"
toe are referring to the 8K expansion memory only, hi
other words, you would need an 8K expansion cartridge.
Similarly, "16K expanded VIC" means a VIC with two
8K cartridges plugged into a motherboard or one 16K
memory expander, and "3K expanded VIC" means the
Super Expander or another 3K expansion cartridge is
required. Occasionally we publish a program that spe-
cifically requires the Super Expander because it adds
special graphics commands to the VIC as well as 3Kof
RAM. We try to make most of the programs we publish
run on unexpanded VICs so the greatest number of
readers ca?t use them.
Commodore® owners:
THE FUTURE IS HERE . . .'
MS*
will your prIntT Jnt«rfBce pass the Commotfore' printer t»st? We don't Ihlrjk toll Ourt mill.
The CONNECTION'" is Ifuly the ullimate parallel inlerface (or the V I C20' "/COMMODORE 64™ This My inielligent
inlerface plugs into the disk (serial) sockel jusi like the standard printer and you can easily assign ii any device
number. It will provide virtually TOTAL EMULATION of iha Commadore* printer including all standard graphic
characters (normal or inverse), column tabbing, dot tabbing, graphic repeat, dot addressable graphics, cursor
up/down mode, and more, II responds to all of the standard commands (PRINT #. OPEN, CLOSE, etc) to
insure software designed for the Commodore' printer will operate with the CONNECTION™. Use it in the
TOTAL TEXT MODE, or purchase our Universal' CONNECTION that works with virtuBlly EVERY DAISY
WHEEL OR MATRIX PRINTER with standard Centronics Parallel configuration. To lake full advanlage ol
your printer's epncial features, please specify the printer typo. Available for STAR MICRONICS, BX80,
EPSON, OKI, NEC. PROWRITER. BANANA, SEIKOSHA. RITEMAN, GEMINI10X and others.
ONLY $119,00 Complete. (Additional ROMs are available il you should ever change printers).
THE CONNECTION PROVIDES;
1) A 2K Printer buffer.
2) Full LED Status Indicators.
3) Complete Built In self test.
4) Printer reset switch).
5) Adds Skip over poll, margin set, programntabte line length, program
list format commands to your printer.
6) No need tor extra cost, special tape loader for graphics.
7) All features easily accessed from software.
8) ASCII conversion, TOTAL TEXT, EMULATE, and TRANSPARENT Modes.
'Not*: Only the Universal CONNECTION will ml provklg 100^ Commodore grtpnlct.
IRICrD
1342B RT 23
BUTLER, NJ 07405 201-838-9027
:- (M-iBM I mmwwm
VIC Memory Expansion
Is it possible to add more than 24K to the VIC-20?
Charles Q. Berkey, Jr.
Yes and no. The VlC-20 has 4K ofRivuhm /larss
Memanj (RAM) buiU in, af 409B fo 8191 (hex $1000-
IFFF), plus 1 K for overhead: pointers, the stack, and so
on, for a fatal of5K RAM. You can buy memory ex-
panders which add 3K, 8K, 16K, or 24Kfrorn Commo-
dore or third-party )na)nifncturers.
If you pro;^ram in BASIC, 24K is the most memory
yon can add to your 5K VIC. If you use machine lan-
guage, you can add up to 35K, for a total of40K.
The first thing you fiave to rcmcjnher when yon
add memory is that a VIC has otdy one expansion port.
That means if you own an 8K expander and want to
add 8K more, yon have two choices. You can buy memory
chips and rewire your expansion cartridge (jiot recom-
mended unless you k)iou' exactly what you are doing).
Or yon can buy a multiple cartridge board "mother-
board" that alioios you to plug more than one cartridge
into the expansion port. It is simdar to an electrical
extension cord you nnght use in your home. Often these
motherboards have switches so you can select one or
more cartridges which are plugged in. (For example,
you could "sxoifch off" the memon/ cxpaiuiers witliout
physicalhf nnpln;^giitg titem, i)i case you want to run
a program that is designed exclusively for the unex-
panded VIC.)
Memory can be added to the VIC in the following
blocks:
3K 1024-4095 (S040t)-OFFF)
8K 8192-16383 ($200()-3FI-F)
8K 16384-2457S ($4000-5 FFD
8K 24576-32767 ($6O0O-7FFF)
8K 40960-49151 ($A0OO-BFFF)
Adding expansion memory to the VIC can cause
complications, howeivr. If you plug in the 3K expander,
screen memory (7680-8191 in tite unexpanded VIC)
remahis in the same place (7680-8191). But if yon add
more than 3K, screen memory moves to 4096^607.
This can result in compatibility problems with some
programs written for the unexpanded VIC.
Whether your VIC has 5K or40K, it wants to put
BASIC programs in a continuous section of memory.
The BASIC program goes at the bottom, followed by
free memory and variables (at the top ofmenwry). When
you add 8K or more, any memory below screen memory
(4096) becomes invisible to BASIC. That's ivhy only a
maximum 24K can be added for BASIC programming.
Once you add memory to locations 8192-32767,
the other menuyry expansion is available only in machine
language (or PEEKs and POKEs).
What Is A Utlliiy?
What is a utility program? Does this type of soft-
ware make it easier to program?
Fred Soderlund
A utility IS a program that programmers use for a specific
purpose. Many utilities provide new BASIC commands
or disk commands. For example, let's say you want to
add a menu to a program you have written. If you already
have a program that makes mouts, you could add it to
your program di/ typing it in line by line. But if you
own a utility with an append command, you simply
merge the two programs — luhich results in a lot of
saved time.
If both programs use lines 900-1000, you could
get around the pwoblem with a RENUMBER utdity
which cha)jges the line nund^ers (you would hare to
RENUMBER before you append). If both programs use
the variable DN and R$, you could use a utility which
searches the programs and tells you which variables you
used and where.
If you use certain routines in many programs
(readin;^ tiie joystick, figuring compoumi interest, etc.),
a utility can save you time.
Some utilities contain certain commands that work
only with disk drives or pri)iters. Certain connnands
will be most useful to a machine language prograinmer
(for example, copying one block of memory to niwther,
or hex to decimal conversions). Other utilities are de-
signed to help you write programs with graphics or
sound routines.
Utilities are programming tools. Their usefulness
depends on ivhat they do and what you need. If you arc
just getting into programming, you probably don't
need many progrannning tools. But as you start writing
larger and nwre complex programs, you will find that a
collection of the right utilities can save you lots of time
and work. U I Hi ties are sold commercially, and many
public domain utilities are available for free through
local user groups. Also, nearly every issue of COMPUTB's
GAZETTE jjicludes ready-to-iype program listings for
useful utUities. 91
Subscriber Services
Please help us serve you belter. If you need to contact
us for any of the reasons listed below, write to us at;
COMPUTE !'s Gazette
P.O. Box 961
Farmingdale, NY 1 1 737
or coll the Toll Free number listed below.
Change of Address. Please allow us 6-8 weeks to
effect the change; send your current mailing label
along with your new address.
New Subscription. A one-year (12-monthj U.S.
subscription to COMPUTEJ's Gazette is $20 (2 years,
$36; 3 years, S54. For subscription rotes outside the
U.S., see staff page). Send us your name and address
or call the Toll Free number listed below.
Delivery Problems. If you receive duplicate issues
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livery, or if you have problems with your subscription,
pleose call the Toll Free number listed below.
COMPUTEJ's Gazette
800-334-0868
In NC 919-275-9809
COMPUTErs Gaielle Jonuar/1984 19
HOTWARE
A Look At This Month's Best Sellers
And The Software Industry
Kathy Yakal, Ediiorial Assistant
■
This
Last
This
Last
Month
Month
Month
Month
Commod ore 64 Entertainment
VIC-20 Entertainment
1
I'oil Aihicili/ime (Synapse)
2
1 Gridninncr (HgsW arc)
1
2
juuipmmi (Epyx)
1
2 S//rt/;;Hs{HesWare)
3
3
Temple ofApslmi (Epyx)
3.
3 Chopliftcr (Creative)
2
4
ftv^j^er (Sierra On-Li ne)
4
4 Temple ofApshai (HesWare)
4
5
Planetfall (Infocom)
10
5 Crush, Crumble and Chomp (HesWa re
) -
6
ChopUfter (Creative)
~
6 ylmoJt(UMI)
10
7
Cridruiiwr (Hes Ware)
7
7 Predator (HesWare)
9
8
Neutral Zone (Access)
5
8 Escape MCP (Comm*Data)
9
Simnl ofFargoal (Epyx)
6
9 Extcrnunator{N\xiekop)
7
10
Shamtis (HesWare)
-
Commodore 64
Home/Buslness/Utility
VIC-20 Home/BustnessAJtility
1 Quick Brown Fox (Quick Brown Fox) 1
1
WordPro. I Plus/64 With Spell Right
2 Turtle Graphics (HesWare)
2
(Professionai)
1
3 HESWrtfcr (HesWare)
3
2
Quick Brouni Fox (Quick BrcJwn Fox)
2
4 HESMon (HesWare)
4
3
MFi-fc(MSoft)
11
5 Household Finance (Creative)
5
4
Money Manager (Timeworks)
5
6 Practicak
5
PracHcak (Computer Software
Associates)
4
(Computer Software Associates)
—
6
7
Cfl/cRcsH// (Handic)
Data Manager (Timeworks)
—
VIC-20 Educational
8
Electronic Chcckkrok (Timeworks)
6
1 Touch Typing Tutor (Taylormade)
1
9
PaperClip (Batteries Included)
8
2 Primary Math Tutor (Comm*Data}
-
10
Oracle (Batteries Included)
_
3 Type Attack {Sirius)
2
Commodore 64 Educational
4 Gotcha Math Games (Comm*Data)
5
5 Hangman/Hangmath (Creative)
4
1
Facemakey (Spinnaker)
4
2
Fraction Fever (Spinnaker)
-
3
Up For Grabs (Spinnaker)
3
4
5
Prinum/Math Tutor (Comm*Data)
5
Dungeons of the Algebra Dragons
(Timeworks)
~
6
Khidercomp (Spinnaker)
1
7
Touch Tifping Tutor (Taylormade)
2
20 COMPUTEI's Gazolle January 1984
Dofft letprice getinflie wsQT
of owning a quality printer.
Adding a printer to your computer makes
sense. But deciding wliich printer to add can be
tricky. Do you settle for a printer with limited
functions and an inexpensive price tag or buy a
more versatile printer that costs more than your
computer? Neither choice makes sense.
Here's a refreshing option— the new, compact
STX-80 printer from Star Micro nics. It's the under
$200 printer that's whjsper-quiet, prints 60 ops
and is ready to run with most popular personal
computers.
The STX-80 has deluxe features you would
expect in higher priced models. It prints a full 80
columns of crisp, attractive characters with true
descenders, foreign language characters and
special symbols, it offers both finely detailed dot-
addressable graphics and block graphics.
And, of course, the STX-80 comes with Star
Micronics' 180 day warranty (90 days on the
print element).
The STX-80 thermal printer from Star
Micronics. It combines high performance with
a very low price. So now, there is nothing in
L^ the way of owning a quality printer.
^ ' *M*nurDctur«r'a auQgesled letBll price.
Biitronici'iiK
TIC POWER BEHINDTHE PfUHTED WORD.
Coni|)ut*rP«rtph«nli ffiviakM
P.O. Boi ft121»S, Dkllu/FI. W« th Aiimrt. TX 7S2a t (2M) AMMil
COR^
Hie newSlX-80 printer
for only $199:
;■ ?■
■ T^' -'t^.T-
'°-sr
J)4' «i /r-'-v*i'i?^ii'?>cJ5W-fc.-.'>';.-a>,;i'-5 ^
•^^
^tm^
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co^jtfoS
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_-.(f-'^^-..:-,r
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i'^'-V,' ■:.■!'."*■• >*■-■-'!
'■^^
■Hit ■'r^'/^.-Tv-'"'r - - ii^^*'^^'
Now the excitement of original
arcade graphics and sound effects
comes home to your computer
Introducing ATARISDFT^" A new
source for computer software.
If you own a Commodore VIC 20
or 64, a Texas Instruments 99/4A, an
IBM or an Apple 1 1 , you can play the
original arcade hits,
DONKEY KONG by Nintendo,
CENTIPEDE!" PAC-MAN. DEFENDER,
ROBDTRON: 20B4, STARGATE and
DIG DUG. [On the Tl 99/4A you can
also play Protector II. Shamus. Picnic
Paranoia and Super Storm.]
So, start playing the original hits
on your computer:
Only from ATARISOFT
Some games also available on
ColecoVision and Intellivision.
Now your computer fits
the arcade hits.
DONKEVKONG. Mana rmrtMIM TEND Dora IroiJDmsrts and O
Ninuifido t9D1. 1963, WC-MAN iini charsctar^ are IrademortB
o( Bolty Mitlwoy Mf a Co rjulilicoriBeii toAuin. Inc byNamcD-
Amenco- Iric DEFENOER is b traiinmark nf WiNin'ira Electronics,
Enc , mafTuf flcUJrtftJ unrffir dcensff f rom WiEliamti Elt-ctrorncs Inc
HOBO IRON SDB4 is a t/-BiJan>artt and C o( Wiikonis 1932, manu,
faceup under license (ram Williams Elaclronics. Inc STARGATE
IS a crademflrt and O of Wiliams 1 9ai, monufactured under license
from WiKiams Elecwmics, Inc. DIG DUG rs treated and designed
byNamcoLtd manufactured under l-cense by Atan (nc Trade-
maftiandOMamcoigss PROiECTORlhso Irademarti of Syti-
apse Software Corporalion, m^ulacUired under Itcen&e by Atari.
fnc, SHAMUS IS a t/-adomajSi of Synapse Software Corporatiorv, '
mantrf actured under license hy Aijjn. Inc PICNIC WRANOIA is a
trfidemar^ of Synopnn Softwore Corporation, monuf octurad by
Atan Inc SUPER STanfl^sengnMml and designed by SynaiiES
Software CorooralJOn. manufoetured under licenn by Atan, Inc.
ATARISOFT ' products ore manufitctured by Atan, Inc (or use on
the above refenj^ccd nvfcbines and a^e not made. Iicen.sed or
approved by t^e manufactur erri of these macfitfies COMMODORE
BA. \/IC20. TEXAS INSTRUMENTS 99/4A, IBM. APPLE CQLE,
COVISION and INTELLIVISION are respectwely trademarks of
ComfnodofB Electronics Limited, Texas tnsiniments. International
BLSiness lilachines Corp . Apple Computet; Inc., Coleco Industries.
Inc and Mattel. Inc A OWiirner Cornmunications Company
C19S3 Atiin. Inc All right*^ reserved
Complete this coupon and well keep you
up to date on the newest hits from
ATARISOFT'"
Address
City
State
Zip
Telephpne
PRODUCT OWNED: (Check one)
1 n r\-B9/AA 5\~\ CommodDre
Vic20
sQlBMRC 6 n Intellivision
s\~\ Commodore 64 yQj Apple II
4 Q ColecoVision B Q
Mail to:
Atari. Inc, RD. Box 2943,
So. San Francisco. CA 94080. asm b
SIMPLE ANSWERS TO COMMON QUESTIONS
TOMR.HALFH ILL, EDITOR
Each mouth. COMPUTEI's GAZEiTE u'ill tackle some
questions commonly asked by new ViC-20ICommodorc
64 users and bi/ people shopping for their first home
computer.
these lines., indeed, the problem? If so, is there
any way to type these lines and get these programs
to work? Why didn't you test the programs first
to make sure they worked?
OLb I have a 1541 disk drive and a friend has
one of the older 1540 disk drives. Is there any
problem in trading disks back and forth?
fXa Yes, there is a potential compatibility prob-
lem. If you're merely reading from each other's
disks, you should be safe. But writing to them could
be hazardous to the files stored on the disks.
The reason is that the 1541 disk drive runs
slightly slower than the 1540, In our experience, the
difference is insignificant when reading disks for-
matted on one drive or the other. But if you try to
write, the speed difference could cause adjacent
blocks of data to be overwritten.
The 1541 drive can be accelerated to the 1540's
speed by entering this statement;
CLOSE15:OPEN15,8,15,"UI ~ "
This makes it safe to write to a 1540 disk on the
1541 drive. To restore the 1541 's original speed, ini-
tialize the disk or enter:
CLOSE15:OPEN15,8,15,"UI + "
(Notice that "UI - " speeds up the drive and
"UI + " slmos it down. This syntax might be the
opposite of what you'd expect, but it's straight from
pages 8-9 of the VlC-ISil User's Manual.)
Unfortunately, you can't slow down a 1540
drive the same way, so it's risky to write to 1541
disks on the 1540. lif you use both kinds of drives or
frequently swap disks with someone who uses a
different drive, you should mark all your disks
"1541" or "1540" to avoid problems.
Ol ■ Some programs in your magazine I cannot
get to run, and I've traced the problem to certain
lines which are very long. I type the line exactly
as printed in the listing, but when I press RE-
TURN and re-LIST the line, only part of it is
there — (fie rest was chopped off somehow. Even
the "Automatic Proofreader" doesn't help. Are
24 COMPUTEI's Gazelle January 1984
SiXm You've zeroed in on a problem which seems
to have troubled many other readers. Until a
number of similar letters and phone calls came in,
we had not realized how many readers are un-
familiar with BASIC line-length limits and with
the use of keyword abbreviations to solve the
problem. Nor had we realized how many pro-
grammers routinely use long lines in their
programs.
The problem, as you deduced, is that certain
lines are too long to type in— at least, too long to
type in normally. But there is a way to enter them.
Normally, the Commodore 64 does not allow
entry of BASIC lines which exceed 80 characters
(two screen lines). The VIC-20's limit is 88 charac-
ters (four screen lines). If you type in more char-
acters than these limits allow, the extra characters
will be discarded when you press RETURN. Un-
fortunately, the computer does not warn you that
the One has been truncated. If you re-LIST the
line, you'll see the difference, but most people
don't find out until they attempt to RUN the pro-
gram for the first time. The program cither fails to
run properly or crashes altogether, often with a
cryptic error message as the only clue. The prob-
lem can be hard to isolate, especially for nonpro-
grammers. Frustrated, many people blame a bug
in the program or the listing and give up.
But the problem is easy to fix once discovered.
The trick is to enter the long line as the program-
mer did when he or she wrote the program.
In an appendix of the user manual which
came with your VIC or 64 is a table of keyword
abbreviations (a summary of the most commonly
used abbreviations appeared in last month's
"Horizons: 64" column). Abbreviations allow you
to enter BASIC keywords without typing all the
characters. Usually an abbreviation consists of the
nd **f ITrssro®****:^^-^
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(diskette)
Dealer
Inquiries
Welcome
P'/:-»TM
SOFTWARE PRODUCED BY KOLOB MARKETING INC.
Impact Marketing Inc. • P.O. Box 21445 • Salt Lake City, Utah 84121
CO
CO
CD
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HOME MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE FROM ELECTRONIC ARTS
Ifyau
Cnt&F&sto:
','
V
'^^iTBt^^^i
\
^C^^
mMI^^^=^^^~^- "JM
^ mA
can learn to use this word ptDcessor
in 90 seconds, can it really be any good?
:.dltin'5
Hou sT^ y
I ' PI hay in
even thou
didn't ge
for.
...: How's Dad? Little Ernie?
) a 9reat tiPie here at school
jh* as a freshman a^ain^ I
; all the classes that I hoped
Let's be
couia you
pens/ ;pen^
rirrotj;
's ny schedule so f ar •
MHF: Hist. 10-11, Eng. 1-2
TTh: Bio. B-10.. Drama 2-4
iterials u en^upTnisy e ar . ao
please send me *500 or so for
:ilsj etc. Please hurry.
Loyej
Bruce
L H f HLUb
^UUfl
ent-ers
CUT &. PASTE" displays lu commancts on « iiii|;k' lim m. i/u; (jotiom o/ rfu; scTa'ii, This
tiKifes icorfeing u'it/i ii atsifr aiui alio git«s jou more tt«i|jlt' .s|w« m\ ifu; .sltimi.
Of all word prticL'Ssors on the
market today, Cut &. Paste may
well be the easiest to use. In
fact, by the time you finish reading this
section of the ad, you'll know how
to work with Cut &. Paste. So read on.
START TYPING. Working with Cut
& Paste is like working with a type-
writer. If you know how to use a type-
writer, you already know how to type
in your draft with Cut & Paste. The
only real difference is, with Cut &
Pnsto it's easier to correct typos.
MAKING CHANGES. Let's say
you've decided to make a cut in your
rough draft.Tci do this you put the
cursor (the bright block) at the start
of the text you want to delete, and
stretch it through to the end of your
cut. Then you send the cursor down to
the"CUT" comniand on the bottom
of the screen. Done.
If, on the other hand, you want
to keep that line, but put it in a differ-
ent part of your draft, you use the
"PASTE" command. You mark the
point of insert with the cursor Then
you put the cursor over "PASTE."
That's all there is to it,
PRINTING IT OUT. When you
like the way your work looks, you print
it. Put the cursor on the "PRINT"
command. Then set your margins, in
inches.That'sit.
You now know how to use Cut
& Paste,
OKAY, IT'S SIMPLE. BUT HOW
GOOD IS 1T7 Cut (Sl Paste has all
the features you'll ever need to use
at home. Here are a few of themr
1. Scrolling dynamic menus
2. Automatic word wrap
3. Simple cut & paste editing
4. Block indenting
5. Set margins and paper size in
inches
6. Tabs
7. Automatic page numbering
8. Controllable page breaks
9. Headings
10. Scrolling text windows
11. Automatic widow and orphan
control
12. Clear and concise manual
In other words. Cut &l Paste
will do just about everything other
word processors do. But Cut &. Paste
will do it more easily. Without com-
plex commands and modes.
If you think about a word proc-
essor in terms of what it replaces (type-
writers, pens and paper, files). Cut &
Paste begins to look very good indeed.
And when you consider that all l/iis
pou-er can be hai for al)[noximately
$50, we think you'll see why we believe
Cut & Paste is something of an
achievement.
A PHILOSOPHY OF DESIGN.
The people who designed, devel-
oped and programmed Cut & Paste
have some fairly hea\7 credentials.
They are people who worked on
the internationally-famous user inter-
face designs that led to the Xerox Star*
and Apple's Lisa!" They are also
THE CHANGING OF THE GUARD. Until quiic ra-t-nilj w ,LKd Ikixs and paper
and typeivmsn to u'riK whh, mostly bcca^isc ut (cnetc how w itSL" ihem.Thcs Iuhi: hem good
tools, hut limited. You tend to mah messes when you work with them, and getting rid of those
messes mal<es extra work. Cut & Paste is an inexpensii-e and practical altematii'C. Because it is as
easy to use as a rypew'riter, you really will use it. Which may mal<eitthe[ini sensible word processor
for the home. Thus an alleged labor-saving device has come to a position where it really can saw a
significant amount ofktbor, i.e., yours.
THE MEN WHO MADE CUT &l
PASTE. Tfte Linocylte machii\e pictured here
was the 19th century's most important amtri-
bution to word processing technology, k let
typesetters com/wse and rearrange text in the
form of metal castings. The iinportimce of Cut
& Paste, of course, must await the judgment
oflmtory. Knicrthelois, the seven men who de-
ivlol>cd it look confident here. Standing left to
right, they arc: Norm Laite, Stat; Shiw. David
Maynard, Dan Silva, Steve Hayes and Jerry
Morrison. Seated at the console is Tim Mott,
whose idea this was in the first place.
people who have in common a vei7
lucid philosophy of design.
Computers and the programs they
run are tools, they believe, Tools are
never noticed unless they are bad totils.
When they're good, they become, in
effect, invisible. And if you want to
make a good tool— an invisible tool —
you'd best study the way people use
the tools they already have.
As a result of this thinking, Cut &
Paste was designed to work much in
the same way that you already work
with a typewriter or with pen and
papcrThe most complex and power-
ful parts of the program are hidden
from view. The work they do takes
place deep in the machine. All you get
to see are the results.
But beyond that, there is something
almost indefinable about a good de-
sign. Things about it just seem to work
crisply. Little touches and features
tliat you notice make you want to smile.
If it's really good,
it /eels good.
Cut & Paste
feels good. ELECTRONIC ARTS^
THE PRODUCTS o/EktrontcAitsoin
l^e found in your favorite comj)uter stores, soft-
ware centers, and in (aiding aepamnent stores
throughout the coutitry. Both Cut & Paste
and Financial Cookbook are now available
at a suggested retail price of $50 for the Apple
lie and the Commodore 64 and will soon be
aiaiiablefoT the IBW-PC and Atari.
OUR COMMITMENT TO
HOME MANAGEMENT
Cut & Paste is just one of a growing
number of products we're publishing
within the category of "home manage-
ment software' These products are all
built around the same program archi-
tecture, makinH them all eciually "friend-
ly," as well as rctrvarkahly straightfor-
ward and practical. We believe that
designs like these will soon make home
computers as furictional and efficient as
today's basic appliances.
Our next product in this line is called
Firumdal Cixiktook. It's a realistic alterna-
tive to the complex, pre-programmed fi-
nancial calculators we all wish we knew
how to use. With a few, simple keystrokes,
Financial Cookbook lets you make more
than 30 key time-value-of- money
computations— just about all the ones
you'd ever use for persotial finances —
like calculating
mortgages with
changinj; inter-
est rates, com-
pounding the
interest on IRA
and .savings ac-
counK,andbuy-
versus-lease
a>mparisons for
automobile pur-
chases.
Tti find out more about these home
management products and about what
\vc have planned for ihe future, call or
write: Electronic Arts, 2755 Campus
Drive, San Mateo, CA 94403 (415)
571-7171.
first letter of the keyword and a SHIFTed second
character. For instance, the abbreviation for POKE
is P-SHIFT-O. (Note that the SHIFTed O appears
on screen as a graphics character.)
You're stitl limited to typing 80 or 88 charac-
ters when using abbreviations. However, when
you LIST a line with abbreviations, the abbrevia-
tions expand out to the full keywords, even if the
resulting line exceeds the limit. The line appears
illegal, but executes normally. Be aware that you
cannot edit this line, however; if you want to make
a change, you must retype the line from scratch.
Another problem with abbreviations is that
they confuse the "Automatic Proofreader." The
checksum program cannot be used to spot typos
in long lines.
Programmers use abbreviations to save typing
and memory. Not that the abbreviations them-
selves save memory — BASIC stores all keywords
as one-byte tokens, whether abbreviated or not.
But abbreviations allow programmers to pack
more statements into each line, and reducing the
number of lines in a program does save a little
memory.
Since these long lines execute normally, the
programs work fine when we test them prior to
publication. We list the program directly from
disk and don't hear of a line-length problem until
letters begin arriving three months later.
To correct this problem, our lister program
now warns us whenever it detects a line exceeding
80 characters. We then try to break up the long
line into two shorter ones. Unfortunately, some ■
programs — especially on the unexpanded VIC —
require every available byte of memory. Breaking
up a line can ruin a working program. In these
cases, we'll at least try to warn you of the long
lines.
Readers can help, too. If you submit a pro-
gram to C0M('UTR!'f, GAZETTE, do not exceed the
line limits uttk'ss nb^oliitcly itccessGn/ to amserve
memory. Also, please do not number BASIC lines
by ones, so that our programmers have room to
break up long lines if necessary. QH
^^^ DATA TRAC BIAHK CASSEnES
C-05. C-06, C-10. C-1Z. E-20, C-24, C-30
From Iht llidlng tuppllo ol Computlr Cillitlit.
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Call: 213/700-0330
»»VtsutAii«. »G
TAXES?
Cr V UNCLE !
V i«i<''««i »*'■
Just wfien you thought a degree in
accounting was needed to wade
through the morass of federal tax
preparation, along comes UNCLE!
UNCLE! takes your hand and guides you through
the tax manuals, asking just enough questions
to translate the information for up to 28 forms
and schedules. UNCLEI has a good memory;
just give your name and SSN once and UNCti!
will make sure they get on every required fonn.
Plus, if you want to noodle with numbers,
UNCLEI has a calculator-type scratch pad. You
can't fool your UNCLE!; if you enter an error, it
will be flagged.When you're through conversing
with UNCLE! on your Commodore 64 (single
drive), simply feed the forms and schedules
into a 16-17 cpi printer and UNCLE! wiil prepare
every one of them. How much to put UNCL£!
in your Commodore? $641
Help Is on the way.
Tli£ENDo/DINKETY'
DINK-DINK.
.nnouncing
the first computer
music program that
actimlly sounds lihe
music
LET'S FACE IT. Up till now, music
programs for your home computer
have all sounded, well, pretty lame.
There were the ones that resembled
little electronic music boxes, remem-
ber? And then there were those that
sounded like so many burps.
Enter Music Gsnstruction Set.^ It's
the first music program that really
makes use of the power of that ma-
chine you've got. If you're a serious
student, this means youl be able to
work with an intricacy and range of
sound quality you've never heard be-
fore on a computer. And if you know
nothing about music, you'll find some-
thing even more important. Namely,
that this thing is simple enough to
be a lot of fun.
Take a good look at this screen
because it, you, and a joystick are the
whole story here.
That's you at the right end of the
staff of notes — the little hand. Move
the joystick, and you move the hand.
Use it to carry notes up to the staff.
Lay i n res ts , sign atu res, clefs, th en poin t
to the little piano in the lower right
and listen, because you'll hear the
whole thing played back.
Move those little scales in the mid-
dle up and down to vary the music's
speed, sound quality, and volume. Use
the scissors to cut out whole measures,
then use the glue pot to paste them
in somewhere else. Got a printer?
Great. Print the score out and show it
off to your friends.
But what if you're not up to writing
your own stuff yet? No problem.
There are twelve pieces of music al-
ready in here, from rock 'n roll to
baroque. They're fun to listen to, and
even more fun to change. (Apologies
to Mozart.)
The point is, the possibilities are
endless. But if you're still skeptical,
visit your nearest Electronic Arts dealer
and do the one thing guaranteed to
send you home with a Music Con-
struction Set in tow.
Boot one up. Point to the piano.
And listen.
ELECTRONIC ARTS-
MUSIC CO.^ STRLrCnOM SET « now jvaibbt? hi Af^ tl. II -*-. I If , a^i Otmim^itw M c**mpuTCT» The Apple vciwm, with » SW kiflfthtanj !* j^Uvi rhonii) c*^ up to Ms wuc* f *£h The G >mm*id*Tte ^ rf *i. *i jjiy* chunl*
of uji lo !hr« fvHci each Af^ n a frv^EcrnJ tr«iniuTk iif A^c Oimputf t Dvmmftlnrf t* a irttHtifd iradnrurk of Cpmmcxliwr Buwivi* Kiachir**, Inc Rjf mart infmnuTion abour EWctnuw: Art*, writ* u* « 2755
CarapM. Dtiw, Sin Miitfl. CA 9W) or c»U HI 51 571-7171
WORD PROCESSING
In The Home
Tom R.Halfhill, Editor
Word processors are displacing typewriters in
offices as rapidly as ballpoints replaced foun-
tain pens a few decades ago. But there are good
reasons why many of today's households could
use a word processor, too.
Word processors are probably the most
popular inventions to hit the business
world since electric typewriters in the
i960s. Every day, in somebody's of-
fice somewhere, a hapless typewriter with its
rubber roller platen, pile of typing paper, and
bottle of white correction fluid gives way to a
gleaming new computer-age word processor.
Secretaries are signing up fur word processing
courses to keep from becoming as obsolete as
their traded-in typewriters. The quiet hum of
video monitors and the whir of disk drives is re-
placing the percussion of mechanical striking arms
slapping against paper.
It's called the "electronic office" or the "pa-
perless office." At first there was resistance, but
by now it's taken for granted that word processing
(and computerization in general) is having a sig-
nificant impact on the function of American busi-
ness. The business of staying in business and
competing for profits is too important for any
business person to long ignore a new tool or
method for achieving greater productivity.
But in the last five years something even more
amazing has happened. This chic new business
tool, the computer word processor, has started to
find its way into the American home, too. The
invention of the inexpensive microcomputer (and
its clever packaging as the home computer) has
30 COMPUTEI's Gazelle January 198-1
made it possible for millions of people to afford a
word processor as readily as most businesses. A
$50-$iOO word processing program running on a
$100-$400 home computer with a printer can
perform most of the major writing functions of a
typical $5000 or even $10,000 dedicated business
system.
However, just as many business users had to
be sold on the advantages of word processing, so
do many home users. After all, it's much easier to
justify the expense of word processors in a busi-
ness, where dozens or even hundreds of letters,
memos, and reports are generated every day. But
what good is word processing in the home? How
much writing goes on in the average household?
The answer varies, of course, but it can be
argued that nearly any home with an adult working
in a professional occupation, or with a student of
almost any age, can probably benefit from an in-
expensive home computer-based word processor.
The key is to recognize what a powerful applica-
tion word processing really is,
m irst of all, consider the precedence set by other
business inventions which have moved into
the average household: the calculator and the
typewriter.
Mechanical adding machines were used by
businesses for decades without making significant
inroads into the home. There were several reasons
for this: Adding machines were expensive, bulky,
and nonportable. Also there was little use for a
computing device, however primitive, in the typi-
cal home of the early- to mid-20th century. House-
hold finances were generally pretty simple before
the proliferation of credit cards, widespread con-
A GAME FOR KIDS. BUT NOT f^ECESSARlLY.
What
small enough to crawl inside your
how all that stuff really works?
you could get
computer and see
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IT STARTS with an arcade-style
game.You play it for a while and then
something happens.The system
goes down in a aash. And now your
job is to find out why and make things
right again.
Expert help is available in the
form of a strange character named
Charlie Fixit. He's got a way of making
you small enough to get inside the
machine. But being inside is yet
another game. There are stray charges
to duck, static to avoid, and all sorts
of intriguing devices to explore before
you can get everything back into
working order.
The name of this unusual program
is D-Bug^and it's a wonderful way to
introduce your children (and maybe
even yourself) to the terminology'
and basic workings of computers. But
beyond this specific knowledge,
you'll also learn some fairly subtle skills
about how to link causes and effects,
and how to develop aeative strategies
for solving problems.
D-Bug was designed, developed
.ukI programmed by ChildWare —
jiionecrs in the field of computer
literacy for children. It is just one of
an entire line of programs we're
publishing that deliberately blur the
traditional distinctions between
education and entertainment.
D-Bug is now available on diskette
for Commodore 64 and Atari home
computers and can be found at your
favorite computer stores, software
centers, and in fine department stores
throughout the country.
ELECTRONIC ARTS"
Ti» (atd out ninTf ulxiiji ijui fumr^any nni mr pindiKI*. write or call 275 S Campu* l>r . .^an Mnsoii, CA y44f^H4l^» STl-?!?!.
C^jtnm,Ti^orr M i* .1 foutsTCTfd traJt?rrarV (sf dimmiJiirt HuKirtc** Miifhln«, Inu-. Aurt ii n rcfflnrrni TrJKkmflfL nf Atjti, liic. .1 W*rntr Crftniniurticati,H» Coiniwny
sumer loans, checking accounts, modern invest-
ment alternatives such as money market funds,
and increasingly complicated income tax returns.
Luckily, the electronic calculator arrived at
just the right time. Soon after they began replacing
adding machines in businesse.s, they started
showing Lip in homes. A whole new market was
created. During the 1970s, calculators grew cheap,
small, and powerful. Today almost nobody bal-
ances their checkbook or figures a tax return by
hand. The very idea is becoming unthinkable.
The spread of typewriters from the office to
the home is even more to the point since, like
word processors, they are writing machines.
Typewriters started appearing in American offices
soon after their invention late in the 19th century.
At first, their move to the home was held back by
many of the same factors which discouraged the
home use of adding machines: Ilarly typewriters
were expensive, bulky, nonportable, and not all
that useful in the average household.
But sometime around World War II things
started to change. New typewriters appeared on
the market designed for personal use — relatively
inexpensive, small, and portable. Colleges began
requiring students to hand in typed term papers.
Many people started using typewriters for per-
sonal business correspondence, and those with
office jobs were taking work home. Soon type-
writers became a common appliance in millions
of households.
For many of the same reasons, word proc-
essors are spreading from offices to homes, too.
Almost anything a typewriter can do, a word proc-
essor can do better. A home computer-based word
processt^r is still more expensive than a cheap
portable typewriter, but on the other hand, even
the most advanced electronic "memory type-
writer" is not as flexible as the typical home com-
puter word processor. College, high school, and
even younger students are using word processors
for term papers and reports. Their parents can
use the same word processor for personal business
letters, or for work taken home from the office.
Best of all, the expense of a home word proc-
essor is minimal if the household already owns a
home computer. Maybe the computer was origi-
nally purchased for running education/home ap-
plication programs, or playing videogames, or
for learning how to program. It can be transformed
into a powerful word processor with the addition
of the appropriate program and maybe a printer
and disk drive.
Thinking of a word processor as a substitute
for a typewriter is enough to justify its purchase
for many people. But there are other reasons
which may be even more compelling. A word
processor is much more than just an electronic,
32 COMPUTEI'i Gazelle Jonuaryl984
computerized typewriter — it's a whole new way
of writing.
An the beginning, typewriters were used simply
to make neat copies of documents composed origi-
nally in longhand. Even today many people still
use typewriters this way, preferring to write
everything out before typing up the final draft.
But soon after their invention, typewriters
were embraced by writers, especially journalists.
For the first time since the clay tablet and stylus
an entirely new writing implement had been in-
vented. Newspapermen were among the first to
make the transition from writing by hand to com-
posing their thoughts directly on a keyboard.
Pencils and pens — which in various forms had
been the only writing instruments since writing
itself was conceived — were relegated to note-
taking and editing.
Why is this important? Because the transition
to the keyboard is an important step in the de-
velopment of many writers. The majority of pro-
fessional writers do their writing on a keyboard,
not in longhand.
Some writers, including a few famous ones,
still contend that writing in longhand with a pen
is a more intimate way of committing thoughts to
paper. We won't argue this point, because it's
one of those philosophical questions that is rarely
resolved. However, there is little doubt that
writing in longhand is slow. When deadlines are
not important, this may not matter. Indeed, many
writers who always write in longhand are accus-
tomed to pacing their thoughts accordingly, and
argue convincingly that longhand doesn't slow
them down.
But many writers who switch to typewriters
notice something strange and wonderful: appar-
ently because they can put their thoughts to paper
so much faster, the words start coming faster. At
first the switch from longhand to typewriters is
not always easy. It is forced on those writers who
must consistently produce on deadline — such as
journalists — and the transition can be traumatic.
Before long, however, the old pen-and-paper
method seems agonizingly slow, and they dread
being out of reach of a keyboard.
Unfortunately, efficient as they are, type-
writers are far from the ultimate writing tools.
Once a word is typed, for practical purposes it is
committed as indelibly as a word penned in ink-
It's possible to make minor corrections with eras-
able bond, correcting ribbons, chalk strikeover
sheets, or white correction fluid. But major revi-
sions mean extensive retyping. Longhand manu-
scripts aren't very flexible, either. Many drafts
may be required before the final acceptable copy
is ready.
What do you like best about
COMPUTEI's GAZETTE?
It teaches me more about my Conmiodore 64 than any other magazine.
(|tWjM^ The Gazette Feedback column.
The. ^fh'^les o^ v\A(xc(a Iac
It's not too technical for the average person, .^^^.^j^^^^j^e^
pv^cgramming "tips b^>^ veM\e\iJC J^swfidd^i ^^^^^Tm^^'^ -
^^^imi^^^^^^^i^i'PtSuli Your professional writing; you have very
knowledgeable authors ^ .ILi/fejU' Jc«xx^^.Avx/vt^ Ysjyvo C>&r'<y^:>~*XsHA^
The above comments are from The Editor's Feedback Cards, a monthly part of our continuing dialogue with
the readers of COMPUTEI's GAZETTE.
Every month, readers of COMPUTEI's GAZETTE get ready-to-type-in games and applications programs,
tips on programming in BASIC and machine language, reviews of new hardware and software, feature articles
that explain and entertain, and much more.
If you would like to become a GAZETTE subscriber, return one of the subscription cards in this issue or
call the number below. The basic subscription price of $20/ycar saves you $10 off the newsstand price. Why
not subscribe today? Call Toll Free in the US 800-334-0868, 919-275-9809 in NC.
coMPUTEi's mmMw^ism
P.O. Box 96 1 Farminsdale, NY 11 737
FOR THE COMMODORE 6
lor«, tnc. c IWi SyflmpM fafhnrr
Synapse excitement!
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e the contro^^
Your helicopter mis-
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Pharaoh's Curse"
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L hat's where word pmcessing comes in. You
may have heard or read elsewhere about the ad-
vantages of word processing: Documents are typed
not on paper, but on the video screen. Characters,
words, phrases, sentences, paragraphs, or even
large blocks of text can be modified, deleted, in-
serted, added to, moved, duplicated, and ma-
nipulated to your fingers' content. When every-
thing is just right, you can print out as many per-
fect copies as vou want. You can store the docu-
ment on disk or tape for later use. You can merge
documents saved on disk or tape to create a larger
document, giving you the power to build anything
from a form letter to a novel.
Most people these days are at least partly
familiar with the advantages of word processors,
even if they haven't actually used one themselves.
But there's another bonus that is a bit more
subtle^ — a word /irociwor can }iuikc i/ok a hetlir rcn'/cr.
This isn't just another outrageous claim of the
"computers-will-save-the-world" ilk. This writer,
and many others, is convinced that it's true.
Word processing makes writing so flexible,
so fluid, that almost all the inhibitions are
banished. Since anything you type can be changed
WC 20
JJ
Now you can have the memory power of
the 64. flexible memory control, expansion
port and more.
$129.95
k^niOSniC
EtECTRONICS. INO
Call for vouf nearest Mosaic Dealer
1-800-547-2607. In Oregon 653-7685
in virtually any way, there is no reason to agonize
over every word and phrase. If it doesn't "read"
right, just back up and iry again. Experimentation
is easy. Even radical changes to your text are only
a few keystrokes away. No other writing tool offers
anything near this level of flexibility.
Let's face it — everything you write that is
seen by other people is a reflection pf not only
your writing skill, but also your intelligence, style,
and personality. These things show up between
the lines, if not actually within them. If you are
writing for publication, or sending a memo to
your boss, or compiling a report to be seen by co-
workers, or mailing a complaint letter to a com-
pany or a congressman, can you afford not to
have every sentence as perfect as you can make
it? How many times have you let a typo or awk-
ward sentence slip by because it would mean
retyping or rewriting an entire page or more?
Even more important, word processing
should not be limited to adults. Children should
be encouraged to write on a word processor as
soon as they can handle the keyboard and the
equipment (which these days is a pretty early
age, it seems). Many school systems are beginning
to realize the educational value of word process-
ing. Word processors are becoming standard
equipment in hundreds of schools, even at the
elementary level. In fact, one commercial word
processor now on the market for home computers
(Briiderbund's Bnitk Street Writer) was specifically
designed with young people in mind.
For years, standardized college-entry exams
have revealed that the writing skills of American
students are sadly deteriorating. Perhaps more
emphasis on composition and the careful revision
of one's own work — assisted by word processing —
can help reverse the trend. Early results from
classrooms using word processors are encouraging.
It certainly wouldn't hurt if children were
started in this direction at home, using their fam-
ily's home computer. They could be urged to use
the computer for writing book reports, letters to
grandparents, keeping a personal diary, com-
posing their own stories, collecting jokes they
liear, or just fooling around. In short, anything
(hat gives them writing practice, whether they
realize it ornot.
More than a few adults have improved their
writing with a word processor, too — including
this writer. When 1 hear the cliche that computers
(particularly home computers) are "a solution in
search of a problem," 1 argue that even if com-
puters were good for nothing else but word proc-
essing, it would be enough to justify their exist-
ence. Although the world got along fine for years
with pencils and typewriters, sometimes a prob-
lem doesn't become obvious until a better solution
is invented. (Qt
M COMPUJEI'sGoiellc Januury 1984
■/#7?^^;
Spreadsheet that
puts you a
mUlionmUesMead
live fll^^^^B
ALC RESULT...The one spreadsheet guaranteed to turn
your Commodore Into a powerful financial tool.
Offering you every feature found on othier more expensive
programs for mucti less thie cost.
Flexible. ..you con view four different areas at once
Versatile. ..customize your own print formats
Distinctive.. .display beautiful color graphiics
CALC RES\)U Advanced is a ftiree-dimensional spread-
sheet with built-in HELP function and 32 pages of memory.
For the Commodore 64 S 149.95. for the CBM™ 8032 S199.00.
For first lime users CALC RESULT Easy gives you a fast way to perform
financial calculations— easily. For the Commodore 64 S79.95.
For a down to earth demonstration of either version visit your
local deaier today
(software ah 7
-t compiny in tlw Dalatronic gnnip-
A Product of:
DES-DATA EQUIPMENT
SUPPLY
213-923-9361
Distributed by:
SOFTEAM COfVIPUTER MARKETING
800-421-08U SERVICES, INC.
800-222-0585
WAREHOUSED INC.
EASTERN U.S./800-253-5330
WESTERN U,S.-800-255-0056
BLUE SKY SOFTWARE
Ashland OftIc© Center
Evesham & Alpha Avenues
Voorhees, NJ 08043
609/795-4025
^rirl\f^(^A ii; a ImrifFmjjrk of Comfmodore BusinnSs Mnchin&S
Woid Processor
For Commodoie 64
AndVIC-20
Charles Brannon, Program Editor
COMPUTERS GAZETTE is
very pleased to present
"'Sj^eedScript/' a word proc-
essing program written en-
tirely in machine language.
Fast, powerful, and easy to
use, it includes almost all the
major features found in pro-
fessional word processor pro-
grams for personal computers.
We believe it apjproaches
commercial-quality programs
costing $50 or more. It runs on
the Commodore 64 (leaving a
huge 45K free for text) and the
VIC-20 with 8K or greater
memory expansion. Speed-
Script will considerably
amplify the utility of your
computer.
annon/"SpeedScript
lJ-4-
^peedscpj
he:l
ScrTptAii^
aSpeedScript Wo>*^yro^r«^
PFop Cowtodore 64 And VIC-284'
^harles BrannQn*?s>Q
aPrograw Editor*- ^^
■>$?
Floater;**
COHPUTEi's Bazette is very pleased to
present "SpeedScript," a word
processing prograw written entirely »n
Machine language. Fast, powerful, and
A current advertising campaign
extoJs tlie virtues of a ballpoint
pen that can erase like a pencil,
dubbing it the. "portable, per-
sonal word processor," It can
even plot graphics. Like a word
processor, the pen can edit,
change, and erase. It can produce
flawless hard copy. And, indeed,
you can draw circles, squares,
and bar graphs. But can the pen
move paragraphs? Put a 100-
page book on a 5 'A" disk? Turn a
rough draft into final copy with
only a few changes? Can it truly
edit without a trace of correction,
and produce formatted, double-
spaced, automatically page-
numbered text?
Maybe we're not being fair
to the erasable pen, but it should
be made clear that word proc-
essing is more than just a com-
puterized typewriter. Such a
"word processor" would be a
few lines long:
10 OPEN 1,4
20 INPUT AS
30 PRINT#1,A$
40 GOTO 20
When RUN, the program
flashes the cursor and waits for a
line to be typed. When you hit
RETURN, the line is sent to the
printer. You can move the cursor
left and overstrike or use the
DEL key to make changes to the
line before you hit RETURN and
print it out. But once it's on
paper, it's committed. Too late
to make any changes.
With a true word processor,
you type everything in first,
then print the whole thing out.
Before you print, you can make
as many changes as you want. A
good word processor lets you
change any line, swap para-
graphs, and manipulate your
text in numerous other ways.
You can buy such a word proc-
essing program for your VIC or
64 for $40 to more than $100,
depending on the features.
Or you can type in
"SpeedScript." Even if you al-
ready own a commercial word
processor for your VIC or 64, we
think you'll be pleasantly sur-
prised. SpeedScript offers all the
standard features, plus others
you may not have seen before.
And there are nearly identical
versions for both the 64 and VIC
(with 8K or more expansion
memory),
Entering SpeedScript
First, you'll need to type in
SpeedScript. Programs 1 and 2
look long, but thev are on I v about
4.5K, shorter than most BASIC
games. The mass of numbers are
machine language. Only with
machine language do you get
such power, speed, and com-
pactness. Unfortunately, machine
language isn't as easy to enter as
a BASIC program. To aid with
all the typing, we've developed
MLX, the machine language
editor. Be sure to read and un-
derstand the MLX article before
you begin typing in SpeedScript.
Type in and SAVE the MLX
program. The VIC version will
require the 8K expander, both
for MLX and SpeedScript. When
you are ready to enter Speed-
Script, turn your machine off
and on (to clear it out), then enter
one of these two liiies before
vou load MLX:
for the VIC:
POKE 44,37;POKE 9472,0;NEW
for the 64:
POKE 44,27:POKE 6912,0;NEW
You can then load MLX
from tape or disk, and enter RUN.
MLX will ask for the starhng and
ending addresses. The starting
address is the first number in
the listing: 2049 for the Commo-
dore 64, and 4609 for the VlC-20.
The ending address is the last
number plus five: 6842 for the
64, and 9342 for the VIC-20. After
you enter this, follow the in-
structions in the MLX article to
enter the listing. We've entered
it here, and it lakes only a few
hours (you can stop, save your
work, and continue typing in
several sessions). No matter
what your typing speed is, rest
assured that it will be well worth
your effort.
ei33?x%i=f=raF»m5
(o r" o C' <^ iir ;* c. 1
UJ^*3t ^- • 'I'O
[C' i"- c ir- f j^ ;^ .%T 1 *'i
for f^\T n^m t*. < 1 ■ ■
^H^« IT *Ti .
'•^'^i;\i'"aij'i?r«.
COMPUTBI's Gazelle Januoryl9B4 39
Get more out of your Commodore
'f^m'
■-i^'^
w
«^
PIPES
For tits VtC'20 and
Commodore 64.
Arlo is a tiard-working plumtier. but
a toucti absent-minded. He's building
, ^1 a water supply system for the
H| wbote neighbofhood. and he really
* has his hands full. Help Arlo decide
what kind of pipe to buy and where
-. to put it... his limited budget
I doesn't leave him much margin for
■■ \ error Figure out the shortest, most
economical way to get everyone
hooked up... and just hope poor Arlo
has remembered to oper\ and close
V the right valves. A marvelously
\ entertaining and challenging
■ . exercise in planning economics and
1 spatial relationships for all ages.
%
r".
.''^-■
r^niftl'lJtWwBftjL^
^
x-^
•^
<5b"s
;\V^
R
I
•scucicB »s soMt otmc-uKT miiovA tiu vOMfvJifi imoeiuMs 1983 as sonwmt smmcAsi AmuiBs
SAVE NEW YORIC
For the Commodore 64.
It was as peaceful a day as New York
ever gets, wtier) suddenly tl^e sky
went dark and a monstrous droning
noise lilted die air. Hordes of
grotesgue aliens were swooping
down from all sides, biting inlo the
Big Apple as if ttiey tiadn 't eaten
for days. Tfiey were laying eggs, too
Horrible slimy things that got down
into ttie subway tunnels and began
clawing their way up. If anyone
was going to save the city it would
tiave to be me t leapt into my
rocket and began tilasting away
I thought I stood a fighting chance,
but fuel's running low. . . another
wave of invaders on the horizon
...signing off...
0^
^KF:f~"^
A^^?
Vf^
w
'sm
SAVEMEW^
■VICIO-AHD CBUMOBOHl M'/Ull rWOfKMM OF COUUOBDUl lUCTflOltlCS. LTD
^ mjcHumisonrnM
Award-Winning Hits for your Commodore
sl^ei.
m-.
CHOPUFTER'
For the Commodore VIC-20.
Those are our men they 're holding
hostage! We don't care t}owyou
do it. but you've got to shoot your
way in there and tjring 'em bacii
alive. You've got three choppers,
probably not enough but it's ail we
can spare And the enemy camp
is pretty heavily fortifierl. With tanl(s,
jetfighters and truly nasty laser
bombs. Okay mayt)e it's a suicide
mission, but somebody '$ got to do it.
Dozens of innocent lives are at
stake. We're counting on you...
don't let tbem down!
^,
(^
.'■*i.^
V
Now you can play some of America's hottest computer games on
your Commodore, and get a FREE introduction to Home Manage-
ment Software. It's our way of showing you that action-pacl^ed
gaming is only the beginning of your Commodore's capabilities.
■SCUCTCOAS SB¥C Of T)iC IMSrwWWrjK COHI>lim pmetUMS- IMlCCSSOnWiHl SmWCAS£ AW»SDS.
w/fAi a Free Software Bonus.
'-VlfV..'
SERPENTINE
For the Commodore VIC-20.
In the Kingdom of Serpents, the only
nile is eat or fie eaten. Jtiiee huge
and evil red snakes are slittwring
thmgti a complex series of maies,
closing in on your good blue serpent
from all sides li^ove fast and watch
your tail! Try to sun/ive long enougt\
to let your ^gs hatch into reinforce-
ments. Swallow the magical frogs
or your enemy's eggs and you can get
the strength to goon... but look
out to your left... and ahead of
you! They've got you surrounded,
and it looks like meal time.
w
-ciiaPLifTiR-AiiB ~$emiiTiMfAi>e vie 20 uamsiatibms of miBinAiSBfBAN EmLiHAsa oAm ssmm. nimcrmLr
'■K'^'f-W'y^^~<"&W'.l'-
CKOPUFTeii-Asn -scmiimrARE imimiBfumammmiiiiB smwAm. me
Getting Started
After you enter SpeedScript with
MLX, you can just LOAD it like
a BASIC program. As a matter of
fact, you can make copies of it
with the SAVE command, as
usual (SAVE "SPEEDSCRIPT"
or SAVE "SPEEDSCRIPT",8 for
disk). After vou LOAD, enter
RUN.
The screen will be light gray
or white with black (or dark gray)
lettering. The top line of the
screen is highlighted.
The blinking cursor shows
you where text will appear when
you begin typing. You cannot
type on the top line of the screen.
This is the command window,
and is used by SpeedScript to
ask questions and display mes-
sages. When a message is dis-
played, it will remain until you
begin typing again.
To get started, just begin
typing. If a word you're typing
won't fit on the screen line, the
word and the cursor are moved to
the next line. This is called word
wrap, or parsing. It makes your
text much easier to read on the
screen, as words are never split
across the margin. Another thing
to notice is that a liack-arrow
appears if you press RETURN.
This marks the end of a para-
graph or line. It is not necessary
to press RETURN at the end of
each screen line, as you must do
when reaching the end of a line
on a typewriter.
Most of us, being human,
are not infallible, so you may
need to correct your typing mis-
takes. This is a big advantage of
a word processor. You fix your
errors before you print, so there's
no messy fluids or special ribbons
(Did you ever have to manually
erase on a typewriter? — ugh!)
If you want to backspace,
press the IN ST/ DEL key in the
unSHlFTed position. The cursor
backs up anci erases the last letter
you typed. You can press it as
many times as necessary to back
up to the error, then retype the
rest of the sentence. This is
clearly not the best way to do
44 COMFUJEI's CaieOe January 1984
things. Instead, you can move
the cursor nondestructively. The
cursor control keys are in the
lower-right corner of the
kevboarcl (see Figure 1 : Kevhoard
Map). The CRSR left/right' key
moves the cursor to the right,
and when SHIFTed moves the
cursor left. Before you can correct
the error, you have to move the
cursor to the word in question.
For example, to correct this line:
Novf is the riwe for
all good neni
The cursor is moved to the
"r" (cursor-left 21 times):
NOW is the Bine for
all good Hen
The letter "t" is typed:
Now is the tHue for
all good nen
And the cursor is moved to
the end:
Now is the tiwe for
all good nenH
Resume typing:
How is the tiMe for
all good Men to
CO Me to the aid of
they're country.
Another error! We typed
"they're" instead of "their." No
problem.
In the above example, of
course, you don't have to press
the cursor-left key 21 times. You
can just hold down the cursor-
left key. It will repeal, and keep
moving until you lei go.
English Cursor
Controls
You can also move the cursor in
ways that make sense in plain
English. For example, if you
hold down SFilFT and press the
,fl function key, (which is how
you get f2), the cursor jumps
back to the previous word. To
correct the error in the example
above, just press f2 five times.
You can then press fl five times
to go back to the end of the
sentence anci resume typing.
Here is a list of what the function
kevs do:
fl: Move cursor to next word.
f2: Move cursor to previous
word.
f3: Move cursor to start of next
sentence.
f4: Move cursor to start of previ-
ous sentence.
f5: Move cursor to start of next
paragraph.
f6: Move cursor to start of previ-
ous paragraph.
SpeedScript recognizes a
sentence by the ending punctua-
tion (. or ? or !), or by a RETURN
mark (back-arrow). A paragraph
is any sequence of characters
that ends in a RETURN mark (a
RETURN mark by itself, which
you can use to make blank lines,
counts as a paragraph).
Since you're working with
English, the cursor up-down
keys do not move up or down
exactly one screen line. Instead,
they act like f3 and f4. Cursor-
down moves to the next sen-
tence, and cursor-up moves to
the previous sentence. This is
easier to understand for many
people, but it takes some getting
used to for others.
As you begin to move the
cursor around, you'll notice that
you cannot move the cursor past
the end of text. There is an invis-
ible marker, somehmes called
End Of File (EOF) at the end of
the document. You can add text
to the end of your document,
but you cannot move past it,
since there's nothing there. In a
very few cases, you may see
some text past the end of file,
but you can't move to it, so
ignore it.
Many of the other kevs be-
have predictably. The CLR/
HOME key in the unSHIFTed
position moves the cursor to the
top of the screen. If you press it
twice, it brings you to the top of
your document (in case the docu-
ment is longer than one screen).
The insert key (SHIFT-INST/
DEL) inserts a space at the cursor
position. You can press it as
many times as necessary to make
space for inserting a word. You
Simulator]!
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can also go into insert mode,
where every letter you type is
automatically inserted. In insert
mode, it is not possible to over-
strike. You enter or leave insert
mode by pressing CTRL-I.
Normally when you type a
key, that letter or symbol ap-
pears. Certain keys, such as CLR/
HOME, however, perform a
function. SpeedScript extends
this idea and places all the com-
mand keys in an easy-to-re~
member order. For example,
insert mode is turned on or off
by pressing CTRL-I. (To use a
control key, hold down CTRL
while you type the other key.)
When you enter insert
mode, the command window
changes color to remind you. If
you press CTRL-I again, you're
back in normal overstrike mode,
and the command window re-
verts to its usual color.
CTRL-Z moves you to the
bottom of your document (end
of file). It's useful for adding text
to the end. If you want to check
how much memory you have
left for typing, press CTRL and
the equals ( = ) key. You have
about 45K of text memory on the
64, and about 5K on the VIC-20
with 8K expander. SpeedScript
takes advantage of all the avail-
able RAM on the 64.
To accommodate personal
taste and video clarity, you can
change the screen and text colors
to any combination you want.
CTRL-B (think "background")
changes the screen color. You
can keep pressing it until a color
you like comes up. CTRL-L ("let-
ters") changes the text color. If
YOU have a color monitor, you
can get some really interesting
combinations.
The RUN/STOP key is like a
TAB key. It inserts five spaces at
the cursor position. You can use
it for indenting, or to add inden-
tation to a paragraph previously
typed.
If you want to change the
case of a letter or word, position
the cursor on the letter and press
CTRL-A. It will switch from
lower- to uppercase or vice versa.
CTRL-A moves the cursor to the
right, so you can hold it down to
change more than one letter.
Another handy command is
CTRL-X, or Transpose. It will
switch two adjacent letters. My
most common typing mistake is
to wsitch (switch) two letters
while I'm typing fast. With
CTRL-X, it's easy to exchange
the two letters without over-
striking (which is useful in insert
mode).
Text Deletion
With a typewriter, if you don't
like what you've typed, you can
tear the paper out, crumple it
up, and dunk it into "file 13."
VVith a word processor, this
satisfying act is accomplished
with but a few keystrokes.
With the DEL key, you can
erase the last letter typed. If
you're in the middle of text and
press it, you'll notice that the
character the cursor is sitting on
is pulled on top of the previous
character, and the rest of the text
follows along. It sounds a little
confusing, but it's easy:
The quick brown fox
juunwped ouerl
Cursor is moved to error:
The quick brown fox
juunEped over
DEL is struck twice, deleting
the erroneous characters:
The quick brown fox
juuCped over
The quick brown fox .
juCped over
If you don't want the text to
be pulled back, you can press
the back-arrow key. It will just
backspace and blank out the
previous character without pull-
ing the adjacent characters back-
ward. Another way to delete is
with CTRL-back-arrow. The
cursor does not move, but the
following text is "sucked into"
the cursor. It is like a tiny black
hole.
If you want to strike out a
whole word, sentence, or para-
i6 COMPUTEI's Gazetfe Jonuoryl9e4
--a
;■*'
'-iVr^
M
-i^5Si*^
NA/lTl-l NlGl-n- AAISSIOIM
JTTTTTITi^
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Niglit Mission PINBALL from SubLOGIC. Winner of Electronic Games magazine's
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WH
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See your dealer
or write or call for more inlormation. For direct orders please add $1.50 tor
shipping and speciFy UPS or first class mail deliverv. Illinois residents add 5%
Bates lax. American Express, Diner's Club, MasterCard, and Visa accepted.
Order Line: 800/637-4983
LOGIC
713 Edgebrool< Drive
Champaign IL 61820
(217) 35d-8482Telex: 206995
>')«i:i,
graph, it's time for a more drastic
command: CTRL-E. When you
press CTRL-E, the command
window turns red (to instill fear
and awe). You see the message:
Erase CS,M,P} :
lgli*ill'ri to exit
Each time you press one of
the three keys, a sentence, word,
or paragraph is pulled toward
the cursor and deleted. You can
keep pressing S, W, or P until all
the text you want to remove is
gone. Then press RETURN to
exit the Erase function and re-
sume writing. Erase will remove
text to the right of the cursor. If
you are at the end of a sentence,
word, or paragraph, you can use
Delete (CTRL-D) to erase back-
ward. CTRL-D displays:
Delete cs,M,P}
and immediately returns to the
normal mode after its work is
done. As an analogy, CTRL-
Delete is like the DEL key, and
CTRL-Erase is like CTRL-back-
arrow.
What if you pressed one
key too many in the Erase com-
mand? What if you change your
mind? Oh, no! What if you acci-
dentally erased the wrong para-
graph? On most word proces-
sors, you're out of luck. But with
SpeedScript, you can retrieve
the crumpled-up piece of paper
and "uncrumple" it. Within cer-
tain limitations, SpeedScript
remembers and stores the text
you Erase or Delete. If you
change your mind, just press
CTRL-R.
Here's how it works. When
you Erase text, the text is moved
from the main screen into a faU-
safe buffer, a reserved area of
memory. The Commodore 64
version of SpeedScript reserves
12K for the failsafe buffer and
the VlC-20 version has IK.
There's another valuable
use for the buffer, too. You can
move text by putting it in the
buffer and recalling it at the des-
tination. Just Erase the para-
graphs, words, or sentences you
want to move, then place the
cursor where you want to insert
the text and press CTRL-R (think
"Restore," "Retrieve," or "Re-
call"). In a flash, the text is in-
serted. If you want to copy
(rather than move) a word, sen-
tence, or paragraph, you can
restore the deleted text with
CTRL-R, then move the cursor
and press CTRL-R to insert the
deleted text again. You can re-
trieve the buffer contents as often
as you like. For example, if you
use a long word or phrase often,
just type it once. Erase it, then
use CTRL-R to have the com-
puter type it out for you.
You should be aware that
CTRL-E and CTRL-D will clear
the previous buffer contents.
When you move one paragraph,
then go back to move another,
you don't want to have both
paragraphs merged together the
second time. Additionally, if
CTRL-Delete added text to the
buffer instead of replacing the
buffer, CTRL-R would insert the
text entries out of order, since
CTRL-D deletes "backward."
If you want to move two
paragraphs at the same time
instead of separately, you can
override the replacement and
cause CTRL-Erase to add to the
end of the buffer. Just hold down
SHIFT with CTRL as you press
E. If you want to force the buffer
to be cleared, you can use CTRL-
K (Kill) to clear the buffer. If you
try to delete more than the length
of the buffer (12K on the 64, IK
on the VIC), you'll see "Buffer
Full". Stop and move the text, or
use CTRL-K to clear the buffer to
erase some more.
Finally, if you really want to
wipe out all your text, there is a
way. (Beware: You cannot re-
Flgure 1 : Keyboard Map
Lettered Commands Entered With CTRL
Backspiee;
With CTRL
Deletes Character
Under Cutsor
Erase Word,
Sentence,
Paragfapti
Disk
Directory
Insert Mode
Insert (RetrieveJ
Buffer
Hunt (Search)
Send Disk
Command Enter
I Format
I Key
UnSHIFTed:
Top Of Screen
w/SHlFT:
Erase All Text
UnSHIFTedr
Delete Character
Behind Cursor
Hold Down
To Enter
Control
(Command)
Keys Change
Upper To
Insert 5 Lower, Or
Spaces Vice Versa
J Go To
End Of
Document
' Delete (Backward)
Word, Sentence,
Paragraph
Change
Background
Color
Change
Lettering
Color
End Paragraph,
Of Skip A Line
w/SHIFT:
Next
Sentence
UnSHIFTed:
Go To
Previous
Sentence
w/SHIFT:
Cursor
Left
48 COMPUTEI'iCazotle January J984
Tax*
I deiiigiied Tax pack so
you could do sumoihing
really practical with your
Commodoru VIC 20.
Pt'iLY Lum/jtTi, MRA
Prmiiu:! Davifi/wirtit
Ck>smot>oUmn Softu^ii
Taxpack ■" ',, __
Powerful income tax computing
software specially designed for
ihe Commodore VIC 20.
Now you can use your Commodore
VIC 20 to perform all the
cnltubiions on your Caniulbn Tl
general tax Jorm, Ti^xfMC^ ^uiJv^
you ttisily through every aspect *ot
the ibrni with friendly prompts and
a comprehensive instruction
manual. This ne«' software is
aviiilable on cassette ta(>e ami will
run on thestiindard 3.5k memory
in your Commodore VIC 20 home
computer,"
TuifJtwfc lets you tackle your income
tax form at your own pace. A
coivvenient save-a nd-rtstore
function lets you record and review'
historical results. Professional
editinu features assure easy and
accurate data enrry. Taxpack puts
the [Hiwer of tast modcllinK and
planninj! for .suhseL|uent years in
ytjur hands, today.
^Tht cawstr dlio induJi3 an ripamiej \rrna» of
Cummoiimt VtC Jo'i with 8i<+ mirnisi^ fi;><irutiMi.
Many happy returns
Because you can calculate and
preview more tax scenarios with
Tcwp^tict than you'd have the
patience or the time to do manually,
this software can help you save tax
dollars. CuslonvtailorLd to the
Cinadi.iii Tl sieneral I'orm, Taxtiack
will he updiited every year to reflect
changes in the j;overiiment's income
tax regulations. Innovative prof^am
design allows us lo update Taxpank
within days of the newTI's
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So easy to order
To use your Viju or Mtutercard,
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We'll confirm your order by return
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Ti) urJei uilh Vi-W dt MoiterconJ «■
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Satisfaction Guaranteed
We guarantee that you will find
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Add $2 per unit shippinB and handling charges + $
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My Name
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City
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Postal Code
Telephone
Muke Cficijue or Money Order payMe to:
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Attn: Order Desk
cover from a total clear.) Press
SHIFT-CLR/HOME. You will see:
ERASE ALL TEKT : Are
you sure? CY/N5 :
If you really want to erase
all the text, press Y. Any other
key, including N, will return
you to your text unharmed. You
should use this command only
when you want to start a new
document, as it is one of the
few ways to lose text beyond
recovery.
Search Feature
When you are lost in the middle
of a big document and want to
find a particular word or phrase,
the Hunt command comes in
handy. Press CTRL-H and you'll
see:
Hunt for:B
Enter the word or phrase
you want to find, then press
RETURN. Speed Script will locate
the word and place the cursor
on it, scrolling if necessary. If
the phrase is not found, you'll
see a "Not Found" message in
the command window.
The first time you use Hunt,
SpeedScript will search for the
phrase from the top of the docu-
ment. Pressing CTRL-H again
will find the next occurrence of
the search phrase after the cursor
position. You can search for a
new phrase without waiting to
get "Not Found" for the previous
phrase by holding down SHIFT
while you press CTRL-H.
There are some tricks to
using Hunt. For example, if you
search for the word "if,"
SpeedScript will match it with
the embccided "if" in a word
like "specific," Should you just
want to find the word "if,"
search for "if" followed by a
space. Also, searching for "if"
will not match with the
capitalized "If."
Saving And Loading
What makes a word processor
truly great is that you can save
your typing to tape or disk. Say
you're writing a term paper.
50 COMPUJEfs GazeHc January 1984
You type it in and save it to
disk. Your teacher returns the
rough draft with suggested cor-
rections. Without retyping the
entire paper, you just load the
original, make some changes,
and print it out. A 5%" disk
can hold more writing than a
briefcase! You can also write in
stages: save your work as you
go along, then come back to it at
another time. Saving and loading
alone elevates word processing
l^ar above any other means of
writing.
To save your work, press f8
(SHIFT-f7). You will see:
Save :■
Enter the name you want to
use for the document. Follow
the standard Commodore
filename rules, such as keeping
the name to 16 characters or less.
Press RETURN, then press either
T or D, answering the prompt
TAPE OR DISK?.
After the Save is completed,
you'll see NO ERRORS {hope-
fully}. If there was an error
during the save, such as no disk
in the drive, or a disk full error,
SpeedScript will read the error
channel and display the error
message. You'll get the error
"file exists" if you try to save
using a name that's already on
the disk. If you want to replace
the file, prefix the name with the
characters "(It):", such as
"fa; : Document". This is called
"Save with Replace." You can
also press CTRL-| (up arrow,
explained below) and scratch the
file before you save.
Press i7 to load a file. You
may want to use SHIFT-CLR/
HOME to erase the current text
first. The Load feature will ap-
pend text starting wherever the
cursor is positioned. This lets
you merge several files from
tape or disk into memory. If the
cursor is not at the top of the
file, the command window will
change color to warn you that
you are performing an append.
You should add text only to the
end of the file, as the cnd-of-file
marker is put wherever the load
stops. Also, beware that you can
crash SpeedScript if you try to
load a file and don't have enough
room (a file longer than available
memory).
You can use CTRL-V to Ver-
ify a saved file. Verify works like
Load, but compares the file with
what's in memory. It's most
useful with tape, but you can
use it with disk files, too,
SpeedScript files appear on
the directory as PRG, program
files. The documents certainly
aren't programs, but since the
operating system has convenient
Save and Load routines, the text
files are just dumped from mem-
ory. This is also more reliable for
tape. You can load files created
on some other word processors,
such as WordPro or PaperCUp,
but you may have to do some
reformatting. If the upper- and
lowercase come out reversed,
you can hold down CTRL- A to
transform the entire file.
Other Disk
Commands
Use CTRL-4 (think CTRL-S, as in
L0AD"$",8 from BASIC) to look
at the disk directory. You will
not lose whatever text you have
in memory. While the directory
is being printed on the screen,
you can press CTRL to slow
down the printing, or the space
bar to freeze the listing (press
the space bar again to continue).
You can send any other disk
command with CTRL- f (up-
arrow). It may not seem easy to
remember, but I think of the
arrow as pointing to the disk
drive. The command window
shows a greater-than sign {>).
Type in the disk command and
press RETURN. By referring to
your disk drive manual, you can
do anything the commands per-
mit, such as Initialize, New,
Copy, Rename, Scratch, etc.
(also see "Getting Started With
A Disk Drive," a continuing
series in COMPUTEl'sGAZETTK), If
you press RETURN without en-
tering a disk command.
Table 1 :
Clip-Out Q.ulck Reference
Card — Editing Commands
CTRL-Ai Change case
CTRL-B: Change background color
CTRL-D: Delele
CTRL-E: Erase
CTRL-H: Hunt
CTRL-I: insert Mode
CTRL-Kt Clear buffer
CTRL-L: Change lettering color
CTRL-P: Print
CTRL-R: Recall buffer
CTRL -V: Verify
CTRL-X: Transpose characters
CTRL-Z: End of document
CTRL-4: Disk directory
CTRL-t: Send DOS command
CTRL-£: Enter format key
fl; Next word
t2: Previous word
f3: Next sentence
f4; Previous sentence
fS: Next paragraph
f6: Previous paragraph
f7: Load
f8: Save
Cursor Up: Previous sentence
Cursor Down; Next sentence
Cursor Left/Right; As implied
CLR/HOME: Erase All
Back'airovv; Backspace
CTRL-Back-arrow; Delete character
RUN/STOP: Insert 5 spaces
Table 2:
Clip-Out Quick Reference
Card — Format Commands
Format commands in column
one are entered with CTRL-£.
Cmd Description
" 1
Default
^^M left margin
5 i
^1 ngtitniarf>in
75 !
^H lop margin
s 1
^1 bottom margin
58 :
^M define header
none ;
^M define footer
none ;
^M wail for next sheet
no wait i
^H true ASCII
^^H underline toeele
^^H center line
H^l edgerif^ht
■9| page number
^^S see text
Figure 2:
Clip-Out Function
Key Overlay
SHIFT:
Speed Script
Previous
Word
Previous
Previous
Paragraph
Save
Sentence \CJ^ g^-^
Next
Word
Next
Sentence
Next
Paragraph
"^f ^ 'Load
lA
*.------^d
52 COMFUTEI's Gazette January 1984
SpeedScript displays the disk
error message (if any). It may be
obvious by now that CTRL- f is
much like the DOS wedge.
PRINTr
At last, we get to the whole point
of word processing — the print-
out. Actually, you can use
SpeedScript without a printer. If
you and a friend each have a
copy of SpeedScript, you can
exchange letters on tape or disk,
ready to load and view. You can
get a lot of text on one tape or
disk. And if you have a friend
with a printer and a VIC or 64,
you can bring SpeedScript and
your files.
Before your text can be
printed, it must be formatted.
The text must be broken into
lines with margins, and there
has to be a way to divide the
output into pages. For those
with pinfeed paper, we also need
to skip over the perforation. Of
course, it ivould be nice to be
able to automatically number all
pages. And why not let the com-
puter center tines for you, or
block them edge right? You
should be able to change the left
and right margin anytime, as
well as line spacing. Headers
and footers at the top and bottom
of each page would add a really
nice touch.
Well, SpeedScript does all
that and more. But with that
power comes the responsibility
to learn more commands. These
commands do not act directly on
the text, but control how the text
is printed out. Some commands
do things like change the left
margin, while others let you do
things with the text like centering
or underlining. Remember, the
formatting commands will not
change how the text on the
screen looks. They affect only
the hardcopy (what's on paper).
Thanks to several default
settings, you can print right away
without using any printer com-
mands. If you press CTRL-P,
SpeedScript will make several
assumptions and begin to print.
A few of these assumptions are:
left margin of five spaces, right
margin at 75 (meaning a line
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56 COMPUTEI's Gazette Jonuaryl984
length of 70 characters), and
double spacing. If you want to
change these settings, you'll
need to use the formatting
commands.
Entering Format
Commands
The format commands are single
letters or characters that appear
on the screen in reverse video.
To get a reverse video letter,
press CTRL and the English
pound sign (next to the CLR/
HOME key). The command win-
dow will prompt "Key:". Now
press one of the format letters,
such as "r" for right margin, or
"c" for center. That letter will
appear in reverse video (within
a "box," with its colors
switched). SpeedScript recog-
nizes only lowercase letters and
some symbols as commands.
Changing Printer
Variables
The printer variables are values
such as left margin, right margin,
line spacing, top and bottom
margins, etc. They are called
variables because they can
change. For example, to quote a
passage within your text, you
may indent it by increasing the
left margin, and also change to
single spacing to set it apart.
You would then want to switch
back to normal margins and
double spacing for the rest of
the paper.
To change a printer variable,
just follow the reverse video
letter with a number. Do not
leave a space between a letter
and a number. You can put the
format commands anywhere in
text, though I prefer to group
them together on a line of their
own. Here is an example setting:
aiotae 001019050*^
To set off those format
commands, I'll show here that
they are in reverse video by en-
closing thom in brackets. You'll
enter them with CTRL-English
pound sign,
[1] Left margin, defaults.
The left margin is the number of
spaces to indent for each line,
[r] Right margin, default 75.
This must be a number less than
80, which is the number of char-
acters that can fit on a line. Add
the line length you want to the
left margin to get the right margin.
[t] Top margin, default 5.
How many blank lines to skip
fi'om the top of the page to the
first line of printing. Should be at
least 5.
[b] Bottom margin, default
58. A number less than 66, which
is the number of lines on an
8y2" X 1 1" sheet of paper or pin-
feed paper. Do not use a bottom
margin nwre than 58,
[h\ Define header. The header
is printed at the top of each page,
if you specify one. To define the
header, begin a line with [h], enter
tlie header text, then press RE-
TURN. Example:
CaAccounting
Procedures*-
You can embed a format \c]
after the [h] to center the header,
a format [e] to block the header
edge right, and a format [#] any
place you want a page number to
appear. Examples:
A centered page title with a
dash on each side:
The header used when this
article was written:
DBBrannon/
"SpeedScript/m*-
[f] Define footer. Just like
header, but appears at the bottom
of each page. A centered page
number within parentheses:
GBcSx-
[n] Next page. This command
forces the printer to skip to the
next page, regardless of the posi-
tion on the current page.
Other Commands
These commands do not change
printer variables, so they are usu-
ally embedded witiiin a line.
[u] Underiine — place on each
side of a word or phrase to under-
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l3«.ot< ~:*r*r^owA * M«"t
-r*»cp 1 r*»-t 1 n^
^'(any printers use fF«ci« lO-CiUrd
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luncliun? jirfih.ds dtitOH4 IC
•miiifr lining, boVdfAtt, i j]K»,
'itp^r/iubscripting, flon At#^H
i'<^Cll ntiHtm lesjp t^nAn [? ittmirol
odttC) <ir 4J^ff trjaqtrrdl iv tn tGCjipe
*ijrr<«HJ on with fSC 4, V lu fhOUld ^tud'j
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-pj^'dScript let* yiju de' fi* thv rormT
lino. It works by backspacing and
overstriking an underline symbol
on top of each character. Some
printers, including the VIC 1525,
do not support the backspace
command, so underlining will
not work on these printers.
[cl Center — place this at the
start of a line you wish to center.
Remember to end the line with
RETURN.
[e] Edge right — like center,
but will block the line to the edge
of the right margin.
[#| Page number — When
SpeedScript encounters this sym-
bol, it prints the current page
number.
User-Definable
Codes
Many printers use special so-
called escape sequences to con-
trol printer functions such as
automatic underlining, boldface,
italics, super/subscripting, elon-
gated, condensed, etc. These
codes are either ASCII numbers
less than 32 (control codes) or
are triggered by an ESCape char-
acter, CHR$(27), followed by a
letter or symbol. For example,
for the Epson MX-80 with Graf-
trax, italics is turned on with
ESC 4. You should study your
manuals to learn how to use these
codes. Since most of the control
codes and the escape character
are not available from the key-
board, SpeedScript lets you define
the format commands 1-9.
If you enter [1] = 65, then
every time the reverse video [1]
is encountered during printing,
that character (65 is the letter A
in ASCII) is sent to the printer.
For example, SpeedScript uses
the back-arrow for a carriage
return mark, so you can't directly
cause a back-arrow to print on
the printer. Instead, you can
look up the ASCII value of the
back-arrt)w, which is 95. You
would enter [1] = 95, say, at the
top of your document. Then,
any place you want to print a
back-arrow, just embed a [1] in
your text. The first four numbers
are predefined so that you don't
have to set them, but you can
change their definition:
[1] = 27 (escape), [2] = 14
(elongated, most printers),
[3] = 15 (elongated off), [4] = 18
(condensed).
A fascinating possibility is
to trigger the bit graphics capa-
bility of your printer. For exam-
ple, you could define special
characters. On the VIC 1525,
you could send a graphic box
(for a checklist perhaps) with:
iSEEECE^ Toothpaste
This would appear on the
printer as:
D iQirithPaste
Printer Compatibility
SpeedScript works best, of
course, with a standard Com-
modore printer. However, we
have used it with several other
printers such as the Epson MX-
80, an Okidata Microline 82A,
and the Leading Edge Prowriter
(NEC 8023), via an appropriate
interface. The interfaces I've
used are the Cardco Card/Print
and the Tymac Connection. Any
interface that works through the
Commodore serial port should
be fine. SpeedScript will prob-
ably not work with an RS-232
printer attached to the modem/
user port. SpeedScript may op-
erate with some interfaces which
emulate a Centronics port on the
user port via software, as long as
the software does not conflict
with SpeedScript. If you can get
your printer to work fine with
CTRL-P, skip the next few para-
graphs to avoid confusion.
The Commodore printers
and most interfaces use a device
number of 4. (Other device num-
bers are 1 for the tape drive and
8 for the disk drive). If you have
more than one printer attached
with different device numbers,
you can enter this number by
holding down SHIFT while you
press CTRL-P. You'll be asked to
enter the device number and the
secondary address. Incidentally,
58 COMPUTEI's Cazetle jQnuoryl9B'l
you can get a ruugh idea of page
breaks before printing by using a
device number of 3, which causes
output to go to the screen.
The secondary address is a
command number for the printer.
For Commodore printers or in-
terfaces which emulate the Com-
modore printer, the secondary
address should be 7, which sig-
nifies lowercase mode. The de-
fauU device number, 4, and the
default secondary address, 7 ,
are automatic wlion you press
CTRL-P without holding down
SHIFT.
If your interface cannot even
partially emulate a Commodore
printer, you will have a few prob-
lems. First of all, the numbers
Commodore uses to describe
characters, called PETASCII by
some, do not correspond with
standard ASCII, which most
non -Com mod ore printers use.
The result is usually that upper-
and lowercase come out switched.
SpeedScript lets you get around
this if you place a format [a] at
the top of your file.
You also need to use the [a]
if you want to bypass the emula-
tion offered by the interface.
You may do this to be able to
activate your printer's special
function codes which are often
intercepted and interpreted by
the interface. You will also have
to use a different secondary ad-
dress. I'll have to bow out and
suggest you scrutinize both your
printer's manual and that of the
interface.
Pinfeed Versus
Single Sheet
The pinfeed or tractor feed is the
cheapest and most common pa-
per delivery system for printers.
Some printers, however, have
a platen like a typewriter and
can accept single sheets of paper,
such as stationery or company
letterhead paper. Normally,
SpeedScript prints continuously,
skipping over the perforation
that divides continuous pinfeed
paper.
If you are using single sheets
of paper, you need SpeedScript
to slop at the end of each page,
tell you to insert a new sheet,
then continue. If you place a
reverse video [w] (for Wait) at
the top of your file (again, use
CTRL-English pound sign to do
this), SpeedScript will do just
that. When you get to the end of
the page, insert a new sheet,
then press RETURN to continue
printing.
As you can tell, SpeedScript
is a truly comprehensive word
processor. I used it to write this
article, and it is becoming popu-
lar here at COMPUTE! Publica-
tions, where writing is a main
activity. Although SpeedScript
is ultimately easy to use, it may
take you a while to master all the
features and variations. 1 hope
your adventure will prove to be
fascinating and fruitful.
See program listings on page 172. Qf
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The Inner World
Of Computers
Part 3: How A
Computer Remembers
Tom Prendergast
This month's installment examines how com-
puters store information in memory, how you
can manipulate that information with PEEK
and POKE commands, and how a computer
stores a BASIC program.
There have been lots of fan letters (at least
two) wanting to learn more about the
ELFS (ELectronic FingerS) that work the
microswitchcs inside your computer.
Keep those letters coming, folks.
There's one thing we'd like to clear up at the
beginning, though. Some people thought it was
cruel to shrink programmers down to ELF-size so
they could be squeezed into a computer. That's
not what we said! We said some genius noticed
that the ON/OFF pattern of the front-panel
switches on the early mainframes looked like bi-
nary and began to program the switches in binary.
Then, since hand-setting was no longer necessary,
the switches were moved inside. So it was the
program and not the programmer that was put
inside the computer — there's a big difference.
The earliest computers, full of vacuum tubes
and wires, were called "giant brains." They were
as big as the side of a barn, but they weren't as
brainy as an unexpanded VIC of today because
they were four-bit computers, with lu/bhk'-sv/.cd
60 COMPUTEI's Ca^etle Jtinuary 1984
(four-bit-wide) memory cells. You might call them
the "four-fathers" (Ouch!) of the VIC and 64,
which have eight-bit (In/te-sizcd) memory cells.
Four bits limit vou to 16 possible binary ON/
OFF switch-patterns— OOUO, 0001, 0010, 0011,
0100, 0101, 0110, 0111, 1000, 1001, 1010, 1011,
1100, 1101, nil — if vou remember our "15-cent
computer" of two months ago. You can crowd a
heckuva lot more information into an eight-bit
byte, because the powers of two doithh' the pos-
sibilities with every bit you add.
Even so, you can do a lot with four-bit nybbles.
Hexadecimal is read in nybbles, and the VIC-20
uses nybble chips in color memory.
ELF joke: How many ELFS does it take to
change a light bulb? Right if it's a light bulb, but
only four if it's a color bulb.
** computer's brain is a lot like ours, although
it's a lot smaller, because it's divided into different
sections that remember different things. There's a
section that remembers what color it was using
(color memory), a section that remembers where
it put certain things (the stack), sections that re-
member how to do arithmetic and what the letters
of the alphabet are.
A PEEK is like reading a computer's mind
because it tells you the different kinds of informa-
tion stored in a memory cell.
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frequently quite short!
Using wits, magic and true grit, your character delves
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T.G.I.F.! Thank Goodness It's Friday! Avalon hill's new party game
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yfesp iimes^
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If you count the ASCII and CHR$ codes (see
the charts in the back of the VIC and 64 manuals),
you'll find there are 256 of them. You have a code
for every letter of the alphabet, the decimal num-
bers from 0 to 9, punctuation marks, graphics-
plus codes that cnll up functions, such as
CHR$(147), which clears the screen.
A fully expanded VIC, PET, Apple, Atari, or
Commodore 64 has 65536 memory cells, each of
which can remember up to 256 different switching-
patterns (thought patterns.) Some cells are "hard-
wired"— the Read Only Memory (ROM) cells —
and can't be changed. But you can change anything
in Random Access Memory (RAM) with a POKE.
You can POKE any number up to 255, but
when you get to the limit of ON-bits a byte can
hold— 11 1111 11 (255)— that's it! The next number
would be 256 ( lOOOOOOOO), and that's 9 bits— too
many bits for an eight-bit byte. If you POKE 256
or higher, you'll get an 7ILLEGAL QUANTITY
ERROR.
By the way, don't you just love those error
messages? What's so illegal about asking for some-
thing that isn't there? And the question mark
before ILLEGAL is a dead giveavvay that they're
not quite certain it is illegal. But that's not the
ELFS' fault, it's a canned message in ROM mem-
ory. When you get a little deeper into machine
language, you'll be able to change error messages
to anything you want. Like, SORRY, SWEET-
HEART—TRY AGAIN. You do this by changing
the "pointer" (sort of like an ELF bird dog) to
point to a different block of memory cells where
your new message is stored.
Here's a short program to show vou what
we're talking about. It POKEs different characters
into the RAM cells that are "mapped" to the screen:
10 SC=76a0:PRINT CHR? ( 147 ): POKE 36879,7
20 FOR CELLS=e TO 505: POKE SC+CELLS , 79 :NE
5CT
30 print" {15 r30wnl{rvsh4 spaces} press sp
acebar(4 spaces)"
40 get spacebarssif sp?=""then 40
50 poke sc+ch,ch: print chr5 ( 19 );: print"
[14 DOWNJIrVS} code number" ;CH"
60 CH=CH+1:GOTO 40
Note: For the Commodore 64, change lines
10 and 20 as below:
10 SC=1024; PRINT CHR$ { 147 ): POKE 53281,7
20 FOR CELLS=0 TO 999: POKE SG+CELLS, 79 :NE
XT
When you RUN the program, the screen di-
vides itself into little cells. Now watch the top left
HOME cell and press the space bar. (a appears in
that memory position, with the CODE NLJMBER
0 in reverse below.
Press the space bar again and the letter A
appears in the second cell. The code number
changes to 1 (its POKE value). Keep pressing the
62 COMPUrEI'sCazoHB January 1984
space bar until you've filled up the first 256 screen
cells with all of the characters and graphics in
character ROM.
Don't press the space bar to POKE beyond
code 255, though. You did? You overloaded the
byte and got an ?ILLEGAL QUANTITY ERROR
IN 50, right? Don't say we didn't warn you!
WK. So we've learned how to POKE things into
RAM. Now let's take a PEEK to see how BASIC
stored our program in memory. Clear the screen
because we're going to see a lot of numbers and
you don't want them scrolling off the screen.
Now list line 10 {type LIST 10 and RETURN),
and directly below — with no line number — type
this:
FOR I=0TO31:PR1NT PEEK(4096+I ) r :NEXT
For the 64, use PEEK{2048 + 1)
Make sure you've included the semicolon
after the second parenthesis, then type RETURN.
This is what you should see for the VIC (the
64 display will be slightly different):
READY.
LIST 10
10 SC = 7680rPRINT CHRSt
147):POKE 36879,7
READY.
FOR I = 0TO31:PRINTPEEK
(4096 + I);:NEXT
0 32 16 10 n B3
67 178 55 54 56
48 58 153 32 199
40 49 52 55 41 58
151 32 51 54 56
55 57 44 55 0
READY.
What do all these numbers mean? Each one
represents the byte stored in the 32 memory cells
storing line 10. VIC program storage starts at 4096
(2048 is the starting address for the 64), so that
accounts for the first zero. That zero is a "null
byte" — sort of a place marker — and so is the zero at
the very end marking the end of line 10 in memoiy.
The next two numbers are actually one two-
byte number because it's a poiitler pointing to the
memory address where the NEXT program line is
stored. (Line 20 has a pointer in front of it pointing
to where line 30 is stored, and so on, for every
line to the end of the program.) The VIC, 64,
Apple, and Atari hitch two bytes together to form
an address. This means vou can have an address
as high as 65535(1111111111111111 in binary), but
figuring out addresses gets really complicated
because the bytes are hitched together backwards
and the lii\^li bi/tv follows the low In/te.
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Fortunately, there's a little ELF in there that
does all the figuring when a program is running,
but if we want to figure it out, we have to multiply
the high byte (16 for the VIC, 8 for the 64) by 256
and add the low byte {32) to it. Quick now, what's
the starting address for line 20?
Hang in there — we're coming out of the dark-
ness into the light.
The number 10 looks familiar. What do you
suppose it represents? It's the "10" of line 10! The
zero following the 10 is the high byte of the line
number. Like addresses, line numbers are kept in
low bvte/high byte form. The 83 and 67 are the
ASCII coding for S (83) and C (67) of our SCreen
variable SC.
Now we're going to throw you a curve. You
might expect that the etqual sign would be ASCII
coded, too, but it's not. In this particular case, the
equal sign is an operator, and the token code for =
is 178. All BASIC operators are token ized^ —
squeezed into a byte, PRINT, for instance, which
has five letters and would need a location for each
letter in ASCII, when tokenized to 189 requires
only a single cell. This saves a lot of memory space.
You don't save any memory by tokenizing a one-
character operator like = butCHRSand POKE
are operators and use only one cell.
If you count the number of characters in the
listed version of line 10, then count the numbers.
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you'll find that tokenizing saves you eight bytes:
39 versus 31. There is another reason for token-
izing besides saving memor)'. The BASIC inter-
preter, which converts your BASIC programs into
machine language (which can be executed by the
computer), can only understand instructions in
tokenized form, That is, when the interpreter
sees the number 153 it knows you want to print,
but it does not understand the letters PRINT.
We're going to leave the rest of the numbers
up to you to figure out. One trick is to use the
operator tokens as landmarks (see the list below
for the tokens used in the program), so that any
numbers in between must be ASCII. The ASCII
code for the digit 0 is 48, for instance; 1 is 49, and
so on, in sequence up to the 9, which is 57,... The
left parenthesis "(" is 40 in ASCII, the right paren-
thesis ")" is 41, and a space is 32. You'll find the
rest of the ASCII code on page 145 of the VIC man-
ual and on page 136 of the 64 manual.
do that's how an ELF remembers. Some of this
may have seemed complicated and roundabout —
all the different codes, numbers that aren't num-
bers, binary, hex — but it's something that's been
worked out over the years, and it works!
That's not to say that someone won't think of
an easier and quicker way of doing things. A few
years from now, we'll be heehawing at today's
computers as hard as we heehaw at the big
monsters of just a few years ago. You can bet that
the computers of the future will be as different
from today's machines as rockets from the high-
wheeled bike.
Next month we'll take you inside a computer
for a guided tour of ELFland. And we'll also show
you an easy way to convert decimal to binary that's
so simple you can do it in your head. (Who said
you need a computer to compute?) Until then,
may the ELFs be with you.
SOME BASIC TOKENS
OPERATOR
TOKEN NUMBER
FOR
129
NEXT
130
GOTO
137
IF
139
POKE
151
PRINT
153
GET
161
TO
164
THEN
167
PEEK
194
CHR$
199
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Getting Started
With A Disk Drive
Part 3 : More Disk Commands
Charles Brannon, Program Editor
More on the disk commands, and simplifying
them with the DOS wedge.
Ltist month, we covered many aspects
of disk use, from formatting a disk to
LOADing, SAVEing, and VERIFYing
BASIC prugrams. I suggest you get thLit
back issue if you haven't seen it yet.
'I'he disk drive, like your computer, has its
own microprocessor and memory, wliich makes
it a computer in its own riglit. This intelligence
lets it perform many of the tasks that the com-
puter itself performs on other personal computer
systems.
This saves computer memory, since no pro-
gram is required for essential operations {called
the Disk Operating System, DOS). Also, since the
disk drive has some independence, it can execute
the command you send it, then let the host com-
puter go on to some other task. This is tiiultitaskiji^;:
two microprocessors working together to perform
separate tasks simultaneously.
All your VIC or 64 has to do is send an
"English-like" command to the drive. As dis-
cussed last month, you first have to open up the
lines of communication (a channel). This line:
OPEN 15,8,15
does thai trick. The first number can be almost
66 COMPUTEi's Gaialle January 1984
anything. It is just a code mimber that subsequent
commands will use to identify this particular
channel. The second number, 8, signifies the disk
drive. Here is a list of device numbers for Com-
modore devices:
1 = Cassette
2 = RS-232(modem)
3 = Screen
4 = Printer
5-7 = Expansion (other printers)
8 = Disk drive
9 = Another optional disk drive
The last number, 15, is the scamdanj address,
al-so known as the command number. In our case,
this number tells the disk drive that all input/
output through this channel will be communica-
tion with the drive's command channel, rather
than data to be read or written. We'll cover other
uses of the secondary address when we get into
reading and writing our own data files.
After we've OPENed our channel, we can
send commands in BASIC with PRINT# (say,
PRINT-file), or request information from the drive
with INPUT#(yougotit, INPUT-file). Last month,
we tried out the NEW command that formats a
disk (prepares it for storage). The form of NEW is:
PRINT#15,"N:disk nnme,lD"
Remember that the PRINT#15 will not work
SCRIPT 64
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800-222.0585
Also available tor the IBM-PC
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unless we've first OPENed file 15. If you don't
OPEN a file, yet try to access it, you'll get the
obvious:
7FILE NOT OPEN ERROR
Another possible error is:
7DEVICE NOT PRl^SENT ERROR
You'll usually get this if you don't have the
device (disk drive, printer) turned on, attached,
or "ready" (some printers have a "local" mode
where you control it from its console rather than
from th e com p u ter) .
H,
Lere's another command that you'll use a lot.
Everyone has files on his disk that he no longer
needs. The files may be temporary files, obsolete,
or even incorrect. You may also need to remove
files from a disk tti free up some room on the disk
for a new file. The SCRATCH command allows
this. Its format is:
PRINT#15,"S:filename"
Again, the command itself is inside the quotes.
The PRINT#15 is just BASIC'S way of sending a
command. We'll cover another way to send com-
mands with the DOS wedge a little later.
After you send the SCRATCH command, the
drive goes to w^ork and BASIC instantly comes
back with READY, even though the disk is still
spinning. This can be a little misleading. You can-
not remove the disk yet — not while the red "busy
light" shines and the disk motor is on. But you
arc free to use your computer for other tasks, such
as LISTing a program on the screen.
If you try to send another disk command before
the drive has finished SCRATCHing the file, the
computer will "hang" while it waits for the drive
to finish, then sends the command and returns
READY. This process is known as "pipelining,"
You can use the asterisk (*} wildcard with
SCRATCH, but do be careful. For example,
PRINT#15,"S:ENERG*"
erases all files on the disk beginning with
"ENERG" such as "ENERGY FILE", "ENERGY
BASE", "ENERGIZE", etc. It will not remove a
file called "SOLAR ENERGY". As you can tell, the
asterisk is powerful but dangerous. If you sent:
PRINT#15,"S:*"
every single file on your disk would be
SCRATCHed, quite a catastrophe if done by mis-
take, I generally do not use the asterisk with
SCRATCH, just to be safe. If you're not sure what
a file's name is, you can always LIST the directory
with LOAD "S", 8,
After you SCRATCH a file, it leaves a "hole"
behind. If you had three files on a directory:
63 COMPUTEI's Gazelle jQnuoi7l984
0 "DEMO DISK " QZ 2A
2 "TINSELTOES" PRG
3 "SPACEFACE" PRG
1 "SMELDGEOIDS" PRG
658 BLOCKS FREE.
and SCRATCHed the middle one:
0 "DEMO DISK " QZ 2A
2 "TINSELTOES" PRG
1 "SMELDGEOIDS" PRG
661 BLOCKS FREE.
then there is an invisible gap left between what is
now the first and second files. This can be con-
firmed by writing another file to the disk. Let's
say you write a program:
10 INPUT "AMOUNT";A
20 PRINT "4% SALES TAX:";A*1,04
then SAVE it as "TAXCOMP", The directory
would then look like this:
0 "DEMO DISK
2 "TINSELTOES"
1 "TAXCOMP"
1 "SMELDGEOIDS"
660 BLOCKS FREE.
QZ 2A
PRG
PRG
PRG
I
t's sometimes necessary to change the name of
a file. Perhaps you've merely changed your mind,
don't like the existing name, or want to use an
existing filename for another file. The disk drive
lets you RENAME a file.
PRINT#15,"R:new name = old name"
For example, to change the nondescript
"GAMEl" into "SPACE THIEF", use:
PRINT#15,"R:SPACETHIEF = GAME1"
This is one of the few commands that readily
makes sense.
Another disk command is COPY, It lets you
copy a file onto the same disk with a different
filename. It can be used in this manner to make
convenient backup copies of a file on the same
disk. Another use is to move files. If you want to
place another program at the top of the disk, i'or
example, COPY the existing program to the disk
with a different name, SCRATCH it (which leaves
behind a "hole,") then RENAME it. Now you can
SAVE the file you want at the top of the disk since
it will fill the hole left by the SCRATCHed file,
COPY has a really strange syntax:
PRINT#15,"C0:new file = 0:other file"
I've found you can shorten it to:
PR I NT#15,"C:new f lie = other file"
In fact, RENAME was also shortened from
"R0:NEWNAME = 0:OLDNAME". The shorter
Last Ybar Over
20,000 Americans Vlfere
Committed To Asylum.
0
mce people enter
A^lun%lhey don't want to
leave. And neither will you.
Inside this thrilling
adventure game from
Screenplay''^ challenges
lie around every comer,
behind every door. There
are hundreds of doors, too!
You've gone crazy
from playing too many adventure games
You've been placed in the asylum to act out
your delusions. To cure yourself, you must
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There's no one you can turn to for help.
Almost every turn leads to a dead end. Or
worse, vigilant guards stand in your way If
you can't out muscle them, con you outtliink
them? Inmates line hallways offering help.
Asylum nins in 48K an the Atari, Commodore 64 and IBM PC
computers. See yowlocal sqfitvare dealer. $29.95.
M But can they be taisted?
Wliile getting out of
^ the asylum may take
months, you'll get into our
J game instantly.
~ Smooth scrolling three
dimensional graphics give
you a very eerie sense of
^1 reality. This feeling is also
heightened by tlie use of
full sentence commands.
No wonder thousands of people bought
Asylumlixsi year, and PC World recently
named Asylum one of the top y t ^,
tengamesforthelBMPC. ^ =: ^
Play Asylum. All you have ;■
to be committed to is fun,
screenplay
Box 3558, Chapel ! lill NC 27514 800-334-5470
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You could win $10,000 from Screenplay anywhere our games are sold.
form, with the drive number (0) deleted, works
just fine:
PRINT#lS,"R:NEWNAME = OLDNAME".
COPY cannot copy a file to a different disk or
disl«; drive. It dues have another use. You can use
COPY to "glue" several files together under a
different name. This merge operation is usuful lor
combining two or more data files into one. Again,
all the files have to be on the same disk. You can
combine up to four files. The syntax here is Irickiei*
than ever:
r'RrNT#15,"C0:newfile = 0:filc1,0:filc2,0:filo3,0:filo4"
The filename "ncwfile" (or whatever yuit call
it) will be a merge of file!, file2, file3, and file4.
Fortunately, you can shorten this command, too:
PR[NT#15/'C:nL*wfHe = filfl,:file2,:file3,:file4"
The drive numlier, again, was left out, since
there is only one drive in the 1341 (as opposed to
the eariier dual-drive 2040 and 4040 for CBM
computers). If you only want to chain two files
together:
PRINT#15,"C:newfilc = filel,:filc2"
Notice that the last file in the command need
not have ",0" or "," added to the end. Fortunately,
few people will ever need to use this variant of
the COPY command.
By the way, some of you may be thinking
that COPY would be a convenient way of merging
two programs, such as a main program and a
subroutine. Indeed, Commodore L^isk B.'\SIC 4.0
uses COPY for its APPEND coinmand. But since
COPY just tacks the files together, it leaves the
"end of program" marker between the two files.
When you LOAD the combined program and
LIST or RUN, the computer sees only the hrst
program, even though the second one is there,
using memory. It is possible to remove the end ot
prt)gram marker, but the technique is not brief
enough to include here (cheer up. Disk BASIC 4.0
can't dt) it either).
A here are many other disk commands, but most
of the rest will be useful only to programmers.
We'll cover two of the more arcane ones, though:
Validate and Initialize. The form of both com-
mands is simple:
PRJNT#15,"V" for validate
IM{rNT#15,"[" for initialize
What do these do? Initialize causes the disk light
to shine, and the disk whirs, spins a bit, then
quits. Validate will take quite awhile to finish,
then will seemingly have done nothing when you
look at the directory. To understand these two
commands, we'll have to take a look at the BAM —
the Bit Access Map (or Block Availability Map).
70 COMPUT£l'i Gazette January 1984
There are 683 blocks on ona disk. Pach block
holds 256bvtes, giving vou a potential 174,848
bvtes of space.
(By the way, a sector size of 256 bvtes would
seem to indicate double densitv, since single-
density drives use onlv 128 bvtes per sector, so
maybe you should buy double-density grade
disks. On the other hand, the classification is usu-
ally reserved for drives with more than 35 tracks.
Try several brands and grades of disks and see
which works best Itvryou.)
Somehow, the disk drive has ti> keep track of
which blocks have been used for files, and which
are available for tuture use. Were it not lor this
housekeeping, a new file could overwrite a previ-
ous one. The BAM is stored on the disk as a block
of bits, where each bit (on/off, 1 or t)) specifies
whether the sector in the corresponding position
as the bit is allocated or not (the twelfth bit denotes
sector 12). When a file is written, the sectors used
are noted in the BAM. In fact, the last line of the
directorv; xxx BLOCKS FREE, is computed from
the BAM.
DOS does not read the BAM every time it
needs the information. Usually, DOS reads the
BAM once, and stores it in its own memory. 11
will then update the BAM on the disk when it's
done. If you change disks, however, the drive
may get confused. It may try to write new files
with the old BAM, then write the old BAM to the
new disk. Scramble cilv! The old BAM may say
that certain sectors are available, but tliey might
not be on the new disk.
Fortunately, DOS checks the disk's !D before
it tries to write a file, or change the BAM. The
drive is helpless, however, if you have NEWed
(formatted) both disks with the same ID. This is
why it is vital that every disk have a unique ID
number.
You can prevent this possible catastrophe
with Initialize. Initialize forces the drive to read
the BAM from the diskette. It also resets some
other minor DOS variables. Some people revere
Initialize with religious fanaticism, refusing to write
to a disk without'the ritual of OPEN 1,8,15,'T"
(yes, you can send a command via the filename in
OPEN),
In practice, h can't hurt. In fact, sometimes
the disk head will find itself in an intermediate
position between tracks, usually when jostled.
The disk can't figure out where it is, since it can't
read its signposts which were put on the disk
during formatting. You can set tiie disk straight
with an Initialize, which tells it to "go home."
(1 lome is track 18, where the BAM and directory
are stored.)
Validate is more useful. It reconstructs the
entire BAM by tracing eacli file on the directory,
noting which sectors are used. After it's traced
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R FLY HIGH IN THE VIDRLD OF HIGH FINAN
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TRS-80 version by Dave Simmons
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through all the files, it can then rewrite the newly
created BAM to the disk. This can sometimes give
you more blocks free on the directory.
Some error or discrepancy in DOS occasion-
ally causes it to misalkicate sectors. It may fail to
free up blocks, or, rarely, fail lo allocate Ihem.
These accumulated bit errors can add up to a lot
of wasted disk space over time, since the disk
won't write to an allocated sector. Validate finds
out the truth, so you can sometimes free up disk
space unexpectedly.
It's worrisome when this happens, though,
since it proves that DOS has made minor errors,
[f DOS failed to alk)cate a sector, then that sec-
tor could be used by another file, destroying the
original file.
Another bug seems to be related to BAM.
When you load one program yet get another, the
pointers on the disk which identify the starting
sector of each file have become switched or garbled.
This problem is also accompanied by sectors
of the original file which have become overwritten,
so there is no way to recover. This problem hap-
pens most often with frequently used disks or
■those which are full. It can also happen when you
forget to use the "0:" prefix wlien SAVHing to
disk (SAVE "0:program",8).
Validate can sometimes clear up these con-
fused disks. It can also aggravate it, since the di-
rectory from which Validate computes the BAM
may be incorrect itself.
X ou may be tired of always having to OPEN
15,8,15 to send a command. And no one likes
having to SAVE your program before you LOAD
"S",8 to LIST the directory. Well, Commodore
hears you. It has thoughtfully provided a conven-
ient shortcut for using the disk drive from BASIC.
Just insert your TEST/DEMO disk and LOAD "C-
64 WEDGE",8 or LOAD "VIC-20 WEDGE", 8 and
RUN, The program will then LOAD the actual
wedge program (which is in machine language)
and execute it.
The wedge adds a few single-key commands
to BASIC. You can use these commands only in
the immediate (READY) mode, not in a program.
First, let's display the directory. Enter:
@$
Magically, the directorv' scrolls by on the
screen. You can hold down C'l'RL to slow it down,
or press SPACE to freeze it. Press SPACE again to
continue. And when it's finished, you still have
your program in memory. Most useful.
You can also send any of the disk commands
we've men Honed. Just replace the PRINT#15,
with (('( . For example:
PRlNT#15,"R:m;wnamc = oldiiamc"
would be:
@R:ncwnamc = oIdname
Remember the small one-line program from
last month that will read the error message if the
red light is blinking?
10 Ol'EN 15,8, 15:1 NI'UT#15,EN,EM$:rRINT
EN;EM$;CLOSni5:CND
Quite a lot just to read the error message.
The wedge makes this trivial. Just enter the @
and hit RETURN, without sending a command. If
there is no error, you'll see:
00, OK,00,00
Otherwise, you'll see something such as:
63, FILE EXISTS,00,00
For a complete list and description of DOS
error messages, see Appendix B in your disk drive
manual.
Wi
ith the wedge, you should never have to
remember to add ",8" to the end of a LOAD or
SAVE, Instead, two single-key commands, /
(divide-by, on ? key) and the back-arrow (upper-
left corner), give vou single-key LOAD and SAVE.
To LOAD a program, enter:
/program
If you would like to LOAD and RUNT in one
step, use the up-arrow:
Iprogram
SAVHing is easy with:
♦—0: program
If the file exists on the disk already, you may
want to SCRATCH it first, or use feO: in place of
0: (called Save with Replace).
There's anotlier convenience, too: You don't
have to enter the filename. Just list the directory
with (<tS, then stop it (RUN/STOP) when you see
the name vou want. Move the cursor up to the
director)' and just type the / or 1 in the first column,
and hit RETURN. The wedge will ignore the
quotes, spaces, and extraneous "PRG" business,
and go to work.
One more wedge command: the % replaces
LOAD "name", 8,1. This is known as a Jiotiretocat-
(iblc load. You would use the % key to LOAD
machine language programs:
7oUNNEW
It has an ad vantage over using BASIC'S LOAD
command. It will not change the end-of-variables
pointer. What this means is that vou won't get an
?OUT OF MEMORY ERROR after you use it. You
can therefore use it to LOAD machine language
without disturbing a BASIC program in memory.
Since the DOS wedge "wedges" into BASIC,
72 COMFUTEl's Gazette J □ ti u o ry 1 984
'&
I ^ W^'^-
NOW
fnr
'DiiTimmlnre 111.
JSNAm k.i1AN
ASTIC!
>-
tO^S^Vi r \\tl iv' ' ^
for
'Commodore 64
rammed in macrfi
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Relerence
Gofde
Sitid SAEF ii tech;'
^^A
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it can make some programs RUN more slowly. If
vou want the wedge out of your way, just enter
f« Q (for Quit).
It's not easy to make a copy of the 64 version
of the wedge, since it is in machine Liiignage.
Yon sIiouIlI first SAVIZ Hie l^ool program "C-64
WHDCE" found on the demo disk, then type in
and RUN the program accompanying this article,
"Wedgemaker." It will SAVli the wedge from
memory, so be sure you've already LOADed in
the wedge from your demo/utility disk.
We've covered just about all the essential
information this month. Remember that you can
use many of these commands h'tim applications
such as word processors, loo. Next month, we'll
further our exploration by reading and writing
our own data files. Until then, trv out all the
ctunmands with a scratch disk until you get the
hang of them,
Wedgemaker
10 REM 64 WEDGEMAKER s rem 139
20 0PEN1,S,1, "0:DOS 5.1" : rem 218
POKE780, 253!POKE2 53,0:POKE2 54, 192; POKE
7ai,90:POKE7B2,207:SYS65496 : rem 214
CLOSEltEND trem 28
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-'MI.IA'JU'.
Marion Taylor
The Programmer Behind
Touch Typing Tutor
Kathy Yakal, Editorial Assistant
It's much harder to use a com-
puter if you don't know how
to type. Judging from the
number of typing tutorials
available these days, and the
success of many of them, lots
of people are learning to type
for the first time on their home
computer keyboards. Here's a
look at the programmer be-
hind one or the best-selling
typing programs available for
the Commodore 64 and
VIC-20.
The programmer is a woman.
And she's been gainfully em-
ployed as a computer program-
mer for 28 years.
Those two facts make this
Marion Tai/lor. ofl'm/lornuuk Softzmre, displa]/s several of her programs. (Pholo
month's subject of "Inside View" ''-'/ Hi*".(«»fo Rammz, Lincoln Journal-Star J
a bit unusual, "I'm old enough to be the mother
of lots of these people who are programming best
sellers, and the grandmother of some of the kids
that are using the programs," says Marion Taylor
of Taylormade Software, the programmer behind
Touch Ti/ping Tutor.
That's not the only thing that sets Taylor apart
from the usual software author, who is typically a
76 COMPUTEI'i Gazelle Jonuory1984
male under 30 years old. She's also a one-woman
siiow. She works out of her home in Lincoln, Ne-
braska, and runs all aspects other company: prod-
uct development, marketing, and, of course,
programming all of the products herself. That's
becoming very unique in these days of rapidly
expanding software companies and increasingly
divided labor in the software industry.
Your ship has
just come in.
Aboard the S.S. Slipshod,
things are getting a little
out of hand.
'f seems that the
navigator mistook an
iceberg for Pittsburgh
With predictable results.
Soon, every state-
room on the ship will
have an ocean view.
But never fear,
'cause Captain Clutch
IS here.
He'll stoke the
boilers to keep the
game afloat, lead the
passengers to the life-
boats and rescue a
few bars of gold
along the way.
Why. you ask
doesn't the coura-
geous Captain simply
And besides, the namp
won't let him. ^
By the way, how lonn
can you tread water?
-/..
Developed by Steve Morri.?
Av.-jilQblo on diskette
for youf Commodore 64"
I r
--4..
■--^ ■■ / --.c.. ,. ,. ;— -,; . / >-. ,■ ; 7" ■■.■ '^^S^ South La Ci'enega Blvd. -j^
Scientific Background
Taylor was graduated with a mathematics degree
from Pomona College in Caiifornia and started
her programming career on the first-generation
vacuum tube computers. "That was before the
days of computer classes," she says. "The com-
pany that hired you also trained you.
"Those first computers were not able to per-
form both scientific and business functions. The
next generation was able to, but that was still prior
to the days of high-level languages [such as
BASIC]. Basically, you could only perform one
run a day of a given program."
Due to her husband's job with the military
and her own changing career, Taylor moved
around the country quite a bit, living and working
in a total of six states. She worked for places like
Westinghouse, the University of Wisconsin, and
the Livermore Radiation Lab.
Shifting Gears
Then came a move to Lincoln, Nebraska, a job at
the University of Nebraska, and the introduction
of microcomputers. Taylor bought an Apple in
1979 and started writing programs on it in her
leisure time.
But what started as a leisure-time hobby
turned into a full-time obsession. "I found 1
couldn't work eight or nine hours a day, raise a
family, and do all the programming I wanted to
do on micros," Taylor says. "I decided to devote
my work time to micros. That's where all the fun
and creativity is."
Taylor didn't start out by programming
games, as many programmers do. "I \vanted to
write programs that had lasting value. That led
me to educational programming."
When the VlC-20 was introduced in 1981,
Taylor switched her focus from Apple to Commo-
dore because she liked its features, and because
its low price made it very accessible to people.
Then came the Commodore 64 and even more
programming capability.
More Than Fun
So what makes a good educational program?
"First," says Taylor, "it has to be education-
ally sound. It has to have lasting value^t can't
be'so simple that it can be done in 15 minutes.
The writer of the program has to be familiar
enough with school methods so the children aren't
confused." This, she says, can be something as
simple as using an asterisk in place of the multi-
plication sign in a mathematical program. 11 chil-
dren are not familiar with BASIC programming,
they don't know what that means.
An educational program must also go beyond
what a child can read in a book. "Micros have the
78 COMPUTE! 'sGazattc Januaryl984
I M I
ttH CiVBtWiteD <VyH)»
(ribH)
III ;>
D ^ ^ aSBHHL ' D
KVt AK
Marion Tmjlor'^ I'ouch 1 ypiny Tutnr.
potential to teach concepts in a more concrete
way than books," she says.
Realizing that her sons had learned fractions
in grade school but still didn't really understand
them was an eyeopener for Taylor, and it led her
to write another of her many programs, fmi
l- met ions. "1 try to achieve a good balance between
drill and instruction in what 1 write. That way,
children can better understand what they're
learning."
The graphics and sound capabilities of micros
greatly enhance the educational process, says
Taylor. She cites turtle graphics as an example of
good educational software. "Cliildren enjoy
moving the turtle around the screen to build
things, but they're really learning about loops,
arrays, and other higher-level programming tools.
"But the fun aspect of a program is only one
clement of educational programs. Some of the
programs on the market today deal only with that
aspect and slight the educational side."
What's Next?
The volatile nature of the microcomputer industry
today makes it difficult to do long-range planning,
Taylor believes. "I'm always planning new pro-
grams, because that's wliat I like to do. But it's
difficult to predict very far into the future as far as
what specific programs I'll be doing."
And though she admits that right now she's
a bit of a shock to people, being an old hand at
programming and a woman, Taylor expects to
see more of that in the future. "People have always
said that boys are better at math and science than
girls. They learn better hand-eye coordination
from an early age because of the types of things
that they are encouraged to do. Having computer
training in the schools from an early age will
change that." <Sf
This Christmas,
Atari and Commodore owners
will go out of their minds.
It'll take about 30 seconds.
Because once you boot a Datamost game
on your Atari home computer, or your
Commodore 64, you'll come face to screen
with the most mind-blasting games ever.
And what better time to go out of your
mind than Christmas?
Our Music Will Have You Hearing Things.
Going out of your mind never sounded so
good.
Because now our games have music. You
heard right. Music. Original Music. Through-
out. And scored just for our newest
releases. You'll go nuts over it.
Our Graphics Will Have You Seeing
Things.
You and everybody else.
Because our games are so great-
how great are they? -they're so great
you'll want to play them again and
again and again. And then
your friends will go
bonkers over them.
THETAII.OFHETA
LYKAK.'-Chanurf as
ytfu play. Urtprviiirt-
(fbit\ tmjutssiblc to
matU'r. (NaaitfhaiU
DATAMOST
And they'll want to play. And then your family
will want to play. And then total strangers off
the street will want to play and . . .
Mind-blowing arcade-quality action like
this makes it one mad world, pal.
We'll Torment You Right From
The Start.
No time to settle down and get comfy.
The tension begins building the moment
you boot the game.
Terrific screen titles tease you with the
game's objective, scenario, characters.
And while you wait, hand twitch-
ing over the Joystick, you'll find
out what planet you're on.
What the fuss is all about.
Why you're involved. And perhaps
of singular importance to you
personally, how to keep from being
obliterated. So get ready to get the
most out of your mind.
The most out of our minds.
By getting the most
out of ours.
[)*l J mtnl . Ini-, . BW3 Full liniilil Ave . . C(uH»ot I h. CA 91311. ( 213) 7W120-.;
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COSmC TUNNELS."
Foiir/lamra in *>hi\
Ftmr timvf tht'
chalU'Htit'Utt i-rt'dibli'
graphlcm.
iWOiVS TER SMA HII, ' '
Fk'athiy strategy. Mmh
ttw monRters! Lvt thv
visitors tit^.
Straft' a rity timter
mifttt' with .'10 itttjtifti
at'l4^etUie firiitti!
HOUNDABUUT.'"
Sh itrricttsyiturshofft
\'m ujf stiiils. li't
ttifft'rt'nt fittm\' Sk'n't'ns.
llti ttit.form inM'
COHEN 'S TO WEHN.^'
Ynti Vi' ttn' mttittmy in ti
h ifi citystlyscraitvr.
iihrtt ytfur utty to thv
top.
.^IK.Ht mar." Screens
scri'ttm leith color,
iictitiit ontt sound!
IJeKifiM yotir own
fcrrens, too.
Cave-In For VIC
Paul L. Bupp and Stephen P. Drop
"Cave-In" is an excellent three-dimensional
maze game which uses a screen-flipping tech-
nique to swap screen displays. The game re-
quires a joystick and runs on the unexpanded
VIC-20.
When you play "Cave-In," you become the newly
appointed foreman of a mining operation. After
completing your initial inspection, you believe
that a cavc-in is imminent. You realize that you
must explore every tunnel to find and rescue all
of the miners.
Taking into consideration your un familiarity
with the mine, you decide to make a map of the
shafts as you travel.
To refer to your map, push the fire button on
the joystick. Push it again and you return to the
mine. The dark circle on the map is where you
started and must return to escape the mine safely.
Just as you expected, no sooner do you find
the last miner and warn him of the danger than
the cavc-in begins. Now you have to get out before
the falling rock traps you. Aren't you glad you
made the map? (In the advanced game, however,
you lose the map after the cave-in starts, so you
must rely on your memory to recall the maze-like
passages.)
Other Game Controls
You may view instructions at any time by pressing
the f 1 special function key. However, once you
see the instructions, you face a fresh maze upon
returning to the game. To travel through the tun-
nels, change directions by moving the joystick
right or left, and then move forward by pushing
the stick forward.
Observe some precautions when typing this
program. First, it requires using the Commodore
key at the lower left of the keyboard. Some of the
80 COMPUTEI's Gazette Januoryl9B4
Peering down an utidergrQttud corridor in "Cave-In."
graphics svmbols must be tvped while thi.s key is
held down (iike the SHIFT key) to correctly print
the characters needed to build the maze. Second,
each line must be entered exactly as printed, with-
out extra spaces to fit into memory. This program
uses all but about 15 of the 3583 available memory
locations. The program will iiol run correctly with
any memory expansion boards. Third, you will
probably need to abbreviate some keywords to
enter a few of the hnes in the program, such
as line 52. See your manual for legal keyword
abbreviations.
If you have difficulty entering the game suc-
cessfully, or if you prefer not to type the program,
just send a blank cassette, self-addressed stamped
mailer, and $3 to:
Paul L. Bupp
21724 124111 Ave. SE
Ken!, WA 9H(B1
See \)rogram listing on page 19S.
^mm^
QUEST
'1 \ IV If . 'I^TV'^^
{^^
«
HE
HOTTEST
NEWGANES
FOR YOUR VK 20
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Light up your VIC 20 with these hot new games. Arcade style
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TYMAC Is a ragislered Irademartt of Tymac Conlrols CorpofatKxi
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C1983TYVAC INCORPORATED
Chris Lesher
^'Hardhat Climber" is one of the best games
we've seen for the unexpanded VIC-20 and is
an excellent example of what can be accom-
plished with BASIC. We've included an adap-
tation for the Commodore 64.
You arc standing at the bottom of four levels of
girders, connected by ladders. At the top is a pile
of 12 barrels and scattered along the girders are
toolboxes. The object of "Hardhat Climber" is to
walk around the girders and pick up every toolbox
while avoiding the barrels that roll down at you.
If you pick up all of the toolboxes you are rewarded
bonus points, and you move on to a more difficult
screen.
1 wrote the VlC-20 version of Hardhat Climber
almost entirely in BASIC, with only a short
machine language routine to check the joystick.
Using the slick, von can move the climber up,
down, left, and right along the girders and lad-
ders. Pressing the fire button makes your climber
jump in the direction he was last moving. He can
jump over barrels and holes in the girders.
82 COMPUTEI'sGdieHe Jonuaryl9S4
Scoring
You score 150 points for every toolbox you pick
up, 1000 points for jumping over a barrel, and 100
points for each barrel remaining after you have
picked up all the toolboxes. The score is displayed
in the upper-left corner of the screen. The number
of the screen is displayed in the upper- right
corner. The number of climbers you have left is
displayed between t!ie score and screen number.
You begin the game with three climbers and
earn an extra one every 10,000 points, A climber
is lost if he is hit by a barrel, walks off a girder, or
has not picked up all the toolboxes by the time all
12 barrels have rolled off the pile. The game ends
when you lose your last climber.
Many program lines in the VIC version are
longer than the maximum limit of 88 characters.
They must be entered by abbreviating the
keywords and omitting the space between the
line number and first keyword. The abbreviations
may be found in the manual that came with the
computer. If there is an error in any of these lines,
the entire line must be retyped using the abbrevi-
ations again. Also be sure to save the program
If you've ever
dreamed of
playing the
pro-tour golf
circuit on the
world's finest
courses...
Or
about getting
ringside seats
to all the
championship
fights in
history. • •
Or drooled
over the pros-
pect of manag-
ing the best
pro baseball
teams of all
time. . .
\nA\\\\\\\\\\w\\\\\\\A^^
\u\\^\TO\n\\\\w\\\w
We've just answered all your hopes and
And SSI's 14-day "satisfaction or your money
back" guarantee makes sure our games will help
make your dreams of sports glory come true. In fact,
the only way they won't is if you don't hurry to your
nearest computer/software or game store and get
these fine strategy sports games today.
For the APPLE® and COMMODORE 64™;
These games (*39.95 each) come on mini floppy
disk for the APPLE* II with Applesoft ROM Card,
Apple II Plus, Apple He. or Apple III,
Also on disk for the Commodore 64.™
Apple Is a n^^lKlLTcd trademark of
Apple Compulcr [no.
%aI
Commodore 64 Is a trade mark of
Commodore Electronics. Ud.
STRATEGIC SIMULATIOnS IDC
If there arc no convenient stores nearyou, VISA & Mastercard mall, send your clicck to; Strategic Simulations Inc. 883 Stlcrlln
holders can order direct by calling 800-227-1617, ext. 335 Road. Bldf». A-200, Mountain View, CA 94043. (California real-
(toUfree). In California, eall 800-772-3545, exl. 335,Toordcrby dents, add e.5% sales lax.) Please specify computer format
WRITE FOR A FREE COLOR CATALOG OF ALL OUR GAMES.
ffsrassga
SBsma
r^^v
B ^ssa ssssz^ss
CT!;i!#g^^^.\>;r!^M.ii,ik,iMUBBeg tTOBCyx^
Ca!h'cti)iy tuolhaxefi on the firsi floor in « V/Cxt'Hf c/
"Hardiiiit Cliniher."
A falling I'lUTci imrwwii/ iiii^H's the plm/i'r on tlw fLXond
floor (64 version).
before runniii}; it in case there is a mistake in the
machine language in lines 106-108. If any of the
numbers in these lines are mistyped, you could
lose the program.
The VIC version lines, which are especially
long, include lines 37, 56, 71, 73, 77, 81, 101, 102,
106, 107, and 108. Remember when you enter these
lines with abbreviations while using the "Auto-
matic Proofreader," the checksum number will
not match up. (See "Simple Answers To Common
Questions" in this issue.)
Sec program listings on page W5. ®
r Vic 20"* or Commodore 64'" Computer
This exciting, new weather package
allows you to learn, monitor, and predict
the weather using the same equipment as
the pros.
Vour Own Weatherman
( new HAWS (Home Auto-
matic Weather Station) com-
bines a quality weather sensor
with software to lei you traci^
weather conditions inside or
outside your home. HAWS moni-
tors weather data inciuding dew
point, temperature, humidity,
and atmospheric pressure; plots
historicai data and graphically
displays weather trends: deter-
mines the comfort and chill fac-
tors to help you dress; HAWS
even forecasts the weather and
compares your predictions to
the local weatherman's.
HAWS uses the same sensor
employed by weather services in
60 countries worldwide. The
HAWS package costs only
$199,95 and includes the sensor,
cassette or floppy disc program,
16-foot cable with connector for
the computer, and a complete
user's manual.
Send today or call toll free to
order your HAWS package.
Ordering Information
Send $199.95 in check or money order payable to
Vaisala, Inc. Include name, address, telephone num-
ber, your computer model {VIC 20 or Commodore 64).
and program preference (tape cassette or floppy disc).
Or call toll free to place your order.
Major credit cards accepted.
Dealer inquiries invited.
1-800-227-3800 ext. haws
VJC 20 ar>tJ ConirThOdort' 64 jiftJ lindijrnBrks oT Commodore Eleclfomcs Ltd
Learn/Teach Meteorology
l^ore than a toy or game,
HAWS provides the lirst oppor-
tunity to use your computer as a
data sampler and data analysis
system for meteorology, allow-
ing the user to interact with
incoming data to monitor and
forecast weather conditions,
HAWS includes an instructive
software program and a com-
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meteorological terms and equa-
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grasp weather concepts either at
home or in Ihe classroom. Sim-
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easy hookup also means you
can free up your computer at
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IS a great educational tool for
anyone. Order today
•X« VAISALA
VAISALA INC.
2 TOWER OFFICE PARK
WOQURN. MAOtBOl
B-l COMPUJEI's Gazelle Januory \ 984
AARDVARK /4eUoH So^eeame
PRESENTS. . .
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W'
WITHOUT QUESTION. ABSOLUTELY —
ARCADE STYLE GAME
AVAILABLE, THAT WE KNOW OF.
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AVAILABLE ON: TRS-80C(16K), CMD 64, VIC 20(13K)
SOPCK #1007 TAPE:$24.95 OiSK: $29,95
PVRAMtD... Our tou9hBtlan<} mD$nnlrlQuetnQ
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DUNGEONS OF DBATH. . ,A serious D & Otypoggm*
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and ctiarecter. on screen mapping of the maze, a clianca
lo grow Irom game lo gQme, and ^ 15 page manual.
Requires eKlended basic on TRS-BOC
AVAILABLE ON: THS-MCIISK). CMO M, V1C2(H13K).
TRS-aOC 3IK DISC
STOCK «T00t TAPE:it9.9S OISK: t24.SS
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SEND ONE DOLLAR FOR ILLUSTRATED CATALOG DEALER INQUIRES INVtTED
I mriBroni kind o( aa venture Played on «
computer gonoialed map of Alosia Vol) lead a small
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CHladBl ol Mooilock. Takes 2-5 hours lo play and is
complelely diUerent each time.
AVAILABLE ON; TRS-KIC{16K) CMO 64
VIC 20(13K) TIMEX/SINCLAtn TI99MA.
EXTENDED BASIC HEOUIBED ON Tl
STOCK » 7007 TAPE: JT9.»5 DISK: J24.95
Quest is also available on TRS-BOC as a 32K eMra miimnry,
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PHONE ORDERS ACCEPTED
8:00 A.M. TO 8:00 P.M. E.S.T. MON-FRI
Tetracrystals
Of Veluria
Todd Heimarck
0*0
Ci-fO
1
0
0
This nonviolent, noncompetitive game for the
unexpanded VIC-20 and Commodore 64 pro-
duces fascinating patterns of colorful crystals.
It also incorporates some advanced program-
ming techniques, including page-flipping, a
very smooth method of animation.
The Story
The prospectors have failed. They searched every
inch of the Veluria n asteroid belt and discovered
no minerals of commercial value, except for a
strange type of ice crystal. These "tetracr\'Stals"
grow into large crystals when dropped in water
and exposed to sunlight.
Crystal Growth
There are two ways the tetracrystals can grow.
First, each one goes through four stages of growth:
seed, monad, tetrad, and shell. After the fourth
86 COMPUTERS Gazelle January 1984
Stage, the shell collapses and melts into plain
water.
Second, a tetrad always tries to sprout four
new seed-crystals at right angles to the tetrad.
These seed-cr)'Stals draw energy from the tetrad
(which is why it becomes a shell), and then go
through the four stages of growth. When the
seeds grow into tetrads, they sprout new seeds,
and so on.
Limits To Growth
The new seeds will grow only if they have space,
sunlight, and water. That means there are three
limits to growth. First, a seed needs space to grow,
so it cannot be put into a space that is already
occupied. If a tetrad is right next to another crystal
(in any stage), it will not plant a seed in that space.
The other three seeds can still grow, unless they
are affected by the limits on growth.
Second, a seed needs energy (sunlight) to
grow. Tetrads and shells cast shadows that block
vflO°-®*L^p^
,ct ^^^- ■ „.o^sO'
for^
.©\POVa^a«^^
0^1°r35B3^-
ISP^IIT?
4 E-lt
I RtD
4 tin
- f.Jfi
T Bui;
8 VEL
The opening screen in "Tetracn/stnis" lets }/ou choose \/oiir
ozvii screen/border color combiuttt ion (Connnodore 64 versiuu;
VIC similar).
sunlight from new seeds. A seed will not grow in
a space right next to a tetrad or shell. This rule
takes care of the problem of two tetrads trying to
put seeds into the same space.
Third, a seed will grow only in water. A
tetrad on the edge of the 16 x 16 grid cannot put
seeds outside of the border (because there is no
water there).
How A Crystal Grows
The seed-crystal in stage 1 becomes a monad in
stage 2 and a tetrad in stage 3. In stage 3 it sprouts
four new seeds, which then go through the stages.
Note that in stage 5, the shell has disappeared
and only four new seeds were generated by the
four tetrads. That is because of the limits on
growth. They are not allowed to put seeds in a
space that is next to another tetrad or shell. All
four of the tetrads tried to put a new seed in the
center and all failed.
Tetracrystals is simple enough to play with
paper and pencil, but you would have to erase
and draw over and over again. Using the computer
is quicker and easier.
How To Play
When the game first starts, you see eight color
bars. You can change the screen color with the
function keys;
fl changes the color of the border.
88 COMPUTE!'! Gazette Januory 1984
After selectinfz the sjieeii and chtmicter set , you plant different
kinds ofcri/aliih on ii;^rid (VIC version; 64<iinidar).
f3 changes the color of the screen.
f5 switches "reverse" (inverse video) on
and off.
f7 starts the game, after you have chosen the
colors.
Before you press f7, notice which colors show
up on the screen you pick. If you plant crystals
that are the same color as the screen, they will
grow, but they will be invisible.
Next you pick the speed. Zero, the lowest
number, yields the fastest game. Then choose a
character set (1, 2, 3, or 4); 1 prefer number 1.
Finally, you plant the crystals. In the upper-
left corner of the screen you will see a prompt (X,
Y, P, or C). Choose an X-coordinate (A through
P), a Y-coordinate (A through P), plant the crystal
(1 for a seed, 2 for a monad), and choose the color
(type a number between 1 and 8; the color is the
same as the color printed on the key).
Up unHl the point when you choose the color,
you can cancel your choices by pressing fl. When
you are ready to start the game, press f7.
Options During The Game
Seven of the function keys allow you to control
growth during the game. The fl, f3, f5, and (7
keys (unSHlFTed) control the amount of sunlight
that reaches the crystals. Press f7 twice to reduce
the light (all growth will stop). After you freeze
the picture (with f7), you can watch the growth
step by step by pressing f7. If you want to go back
to continuous growth, fl restores the game to
normal. The f3 key slows the growth and f5 speeds
it up. If the growth is very fast, press f3 and a
number from 1 to 9. The higher the number, the
slower the growth. Press f5 (plus a number) to
speed up the growth.
The f2 and f4 keys throw more seeds onto the
field. The f2 key gives you a random-colored seed
AMyarti
rjame wftfl'
Turtles, Cuddly Graphics
and more Cutener.a than
you'll find in any othnr
Commodore QA game! A
game for the young at
heart and peo )le who
have tired o aden
-"•■ bashing.
RING OF POWER
COMMODORE 64
SOFTWARE
iUl>llJ
lUliiJKrf,"
QUiniTIC
WARRIOR
COMMODORE 64
SOFTWARE
H-irr. I
the DUIWWPWWHHIOB
stands along against the
sinister Crabmen and a
Domed City gone mad in
the distant future.
Arc you warrior enough
to stand by his side in this
MEGA- Arcade Game.
ung nas
' lost his mind and along
with it the Crown JeweTsf
Now whosoever can find
the Jewels shall be
proclaimed King.
Can you?
RING OF POWER IS a
sophisticated adventure
with a GRAPHICS or
TEXT option.
SOOO and
ACORIM
ELECTROIU.
fend for Advanced Inforniatia
on our new Timex-Sinclair and
Electron Range, i
SKYHAWK
VIC90 SOFTWARE
TORNADO
VIC20 SOFTWARE
QUICKSILVA INC.
426 West Nakoma
San Antonio, TX 7B21B
Tel: C512D 3-40 3684
Attacking raitiers scream
out of the sky at you, you
explosion blossoms at
your side, you r-etur-n thsir
fire send inn one of the
attackers fjlummetting.
the fuel gauge flashes a
low fuel warning . .
SKYHAWK runs in 3K or
,_BK with a Joystick.
Colony Rgtiters leap at
me, I dive into their midst
firing and still bombing
the ground installations
below, the sound of
explosions rumbles away
over the landscape...
TORNADO runs on an
unexpended VIC20 +
— Joystick.
Please send me a free color catslog
■ currently own or plan to buy a computer
I enclose a stampBd. aalf-addreaad envelope
Nama
No/Sereat
City
State
Zip
C3
BnmuiM
at a random location. Press f4 (and a number from
1 to 8) and you will get a seed the same color as
what is printed on the number key, planted ran-
domly on the screen.
The f6 key stops the game and returns you to
the beginning, "Tetracrystals of Veluria" uses
part of memory for machine language routines,
so if you want to stop playing altogether, it is a
good idea to turn your computer off and then on
again before you load another program.
To recap:
fl continues the game (after f7 step by step).
f3 slows the growth (type 1-9 to continue).
f5 speeds up growth (type 1-9 to continue).
i7 allows step-by-step growth.
f2 plants a random-colored seed at a random
location.
f4 plants a seed at a random location (choose
the color with 1-8).
f6 starts a new game.
Strategies
Tetracrystals is a simple game. You can plant two
types of crystals, up to eight different colors. There
are two rules for growth and three limits on growth.
Most children will understanci how it works.
But like Reversi (also known as Othello),
simple rules hide the many subtleties of play. The
more you play it, the more interesting variations
you discover.
There are no rules for winning or losing. I
originally wrote Tetracrystals as a nonviolent,
noncompetitive game.
If you don't like games without competition
or winners and losers, you can make up variations.
You and a friend can choose two different colors
and plant crystals around the screen. If one color
takes over the screen, that player wins. In some
cases — if you start with symmetrical positions, for
example — neither color will take over the screen
and you would have to call it a tie game.
If you plant just one seed, it will spread to
take over about half the screen, and then (because
of the limits on growth) it will disappear. It is a
good idea to start with at least two crystals.
In the reverse video option, the crystals leave
behind traces of where they have been.
For some reason, crystals that start near the
edges have a slightly better chance of surviving
(remember this if you decide to play competi-
tively). And usually, if you plant seeds md
monads, one or the other will take over the screen;
they don't coexist very well. Imagine the 16 x 16
grid as a chessboard, with alternating black and
white squares, because it will make a difference if
your starting positions are all on the same color
squares or on opposite colors.
You can also try the sandwich maneuver. If
you plant a seed somewhere on the grid and then
plant seeds of different colors, one right above
and one right below, T think you'll be surprised at
the results. The crystal in the middle will usually
crowd out the other two crystals.
Special Typing Instructions
The VIC version of Tetracrystals needs two pro-
grams to nm, and you must enter them in the correct
order. Program 2 (the one with all the DATA state-
ments) contains the machine language routines.
Program 1 will not ain without them.
Follow this procedure for the VIC version (note
the minor program changes for disk below):
1. Type in Program 1 first, but do not RUN.
Instead, SAVE it on tape or disk. If you're using
tape, 1 recommend saving Program 1 as the first
program on a fresh cassette. For tape, use the
filename "CRYSTALS Tl/JAN". For disk, use the
Cn/stala ofvtirioiin colons in'^iii throwing mid i>ifiTnctiii^<^, as
sl'l'ii in these Cammodorv 64 screens...
TETB*CSVSTfiLS
MPSl
uU'A
+ +
•f, •/. y.*s+ +s*
-' i t + t +
.fiontet inn's overlujiphi^ nini cnnoiling out oilier cii/stnh.
90 COMPUTE!'! Gazette Jonuoryl9B4
lANDSCAPES OF THOUGHT . .
THE NEW FRONTIER
INTERNATIONAL mi MICRO
-oftwore Designed fo be Your Porfner in Exploration
Tri Micro Soflwore is your gateway to the new realms opened by personal compurers. As rhe gare
opens, experience a quantum leap in mind power:
■ where you novigore through new channels of communication
■ where you experience art through graphics
where you can increose your doily productivity through financial monogemenr tools, list
processing, and text editing
• where your thoughts integrote with the computer's speed in fast moving gomes and srrotegy
solving.
Encounter o host of other stronge londscopes only dimly undersrood before.
TAKE THE INITIAL STEP . . THE TRI MICRO CHALLENGE
904 Wesr Cyprea Drive
Ariingron Helgtifs. tL 60005
(312)394-2022
4122 E. Chopmon, Suite 30
Ofonge, CA 92669
(714)771.4038
901 Summit Htll Dr.
Knoxville.TN 37915
(615)522-4824
Crystals divide and multiph) iit these VIC screens,. . . ■ .formiu^ larger aystah, and occasitmalh/ domtuatiiig all
IhesiHKC anmiiil them.
filename "CRYSTALS Dl/JAN". Do not rewind
the tape after saving.
2. Type NEW and press RETURN.
3. Type in Program 2. Do not SAVE it i/et.
Contrary to standard procedures. Program 2
should be RUN before it is SAVEd. When you
type RUN, Program 2 first checks itself for typing
errors and warns you of any mistyped DATA
statements. If the DATA statements are entered
correctly, the program waits for you to press a
key to continue. Before continuing, make sure
the tape or disk with Program 1 is in the cassette
recorder or disk drive. With cassette, make sure
the tape is positioned just past Program 1 (which
is where it will be if you left it alone after SAVEing
Program 1). Now, wlien you press a key to con-
tinue. Program 2 will begin creating a data file on
your tape or disk. Program 2 automatically names
the data file "CRYSTALS T3/JAN" for tape or
"CRYSTALS D3/JAN" for disk. If you're using
cassette, you will notice the tape stopping and
starting by itself as the data file is created. This is
normal. Do not press the STOP button on the
recorder until the data file is finished and the
screen says READY.
4. When the screen says READY, the data file
is created. Now is the time to SAVE Program 2.
Use the filename "CRYSTALS T2/JAN" for tape
or "CRYSTALS D2/JAN" for disk. You won't need
Program 2 again unless you want to create another
data file, perhaps for backup.
5. Finally the game is prepared. To play,
LOAD and RUN Program 1 (filename "CRYSTALS
Tl/JAN" or "CRYSTALS Dl/JAN"). When you
type RUN and press RETURN, Program 1 auto-
matically begins reading the data file created by
Program 2. (That's why it's so important to make
sure the data file immediately follows Program 1
if you're using tape.) As the data file loads, you'll
92 COMPUTEI'i Gazette Jtjnuary 1984
see numbers appearing on the screen. This is nor-
mal. When all the data is read by Program 1, the
game begins.
If you press the RUN/STOP key while playing
and want to restart the game, don't type RUN,
because the program will look for the data file
again. Instead, type RUN 13 (which starts running
the program at line 13).
One more caution: Tetracrystals takes up
almost all of the available memory in the VIC;
there will be only a few bytes left. // is vital to type
in the pro^ruuis exactly as listed. Don't add any
extra spaces. If your VIC gives you an ?OUT OF
MEMORY error after the data file is read by Pro-
gram 1, you can safely delete line 10 and lines
5000-5100 to play the' game. Once these lines put
the machine language into memory, you don't
need them anymore (but don't SAVE the program
after doing this).
Modifications For Disk
The 64 version works on either tape or disk. But
the VIC programs, as listed, are designed for tape.
A few minor changes need to be made for disk.
In Program 1, change line 50t)0 to:
5000OPENl,8,0,"CRYSTALS D3/JAN"
(This change tells the computer to read the
data file from disk instead of tape.)
In Program 2, change these lines:
35 PRINT"GET DATA DISK READY13 SPACESIHIT
A KEY TO CONTINUE
40 OFEN1,8,1,"0:CRYSTALS D3/JAN"
(Line 35 alters the prompt to read "DATA
DISK" instead of "DATA TAPE". Notice there is
no closing quote on the PRINT statement; closing
quotes are optional in Commodore BASIC, and
leaving it off saves one byte of memory. Line 40
tells the computer to create a data file on disk
TAKE A TIP FROM SANlA
TRI MICRO
belongs on you
Providing a v/;
seleaions. the
Q variety cf tastes
processing, file r:
onotysis, hom-.
or compi
V..-
•y^A
INTERNATIONAL TRI MICft
4122 E. Chapman Ste 30
Orange, CA 92669
(714) 771-4038
instead of tape, with the appropriate filename
expected by line 5000 in Program 1 . )
Page-Flipping
The animation here is not the usual crase-and-
draw method.
In most games, when you want a character to
move, you tell the computer where the character
currently is and where it should be next. The com-
puter erases the old character and then draws it at
the new location. If the screen is full, you can see
the changes being made, from the top-left corner
to the bottom right.
Page-flipping is a much smoother method of
animation.
I got the idea from "Alternate Screens" by
Jim Butterfield in COMPUTE!'^ Fir^t Book Of VIC.
Normally an unexpanded VIC uses two pages
of memory (7680 to 8191) for screen memory.
Memory location 648 is a pointer that tells the VIC
where to find the screen. By POKEing 648 with a
different number, you can change the location of
screen memory.
In Tetracrystals, one screen is visible, the
other hidden. While you are watching one screen,
the computer is drawing the next picture on the
hidden screen. When the new picture is ready, a
couple of POKES (lines 1100 and 1 120) make the
new picture visible. Then, while that screen is up,
the next one is being drawn on the hidden screen.
How The Program Works —
VIC Version
Lino 10 protects the memory for the second screen
and the machine language instructions. It jumps to
subroutine 5000, which reads the ML instructions
from tape.
Lines 13-20 set variables.
Line 60 jumps to subroutine 1100, which re-
stores the screen to the normal location (beginning
at 7680).
Line 100 jumps to subroutine 8200 (which
sets the screen to the usual colors and restores it
to a 22 K 23 size), then subrouhne 6000 (which
sets up the new screen color).
Lines 160-197 set up the speed and character
set.
Lines 255-395 plant the crystals on the screen.
Lines 510-795 are the heart of the program —
where the crystals grow. First there are three SYSes
to ML routines. Since the visible screen has been
cut down to 16 x 16 (256 bytes) and there are 512
available for each screen, that means there arc 256
bytes below each screen. This is what I call the
"shadow screen." The first SYS clears the shadow
screen of the hidden screen. The second SYS con-
trols the direct growth (seed to monad, monad to
tetrad, and so on). The third SYS grows the brand-
new seeds. Then BASIC takes over. The program
9 A COM PUTEVi Gazetie Jonjaryl984
goes through a delay loop (with the counter HF, for
"How Fast") and checks for keyboard input. If one
of the function keys has been pressed, it takes care
of what needs to be done. Then, if the CP flag has
been set, it stops until it gets the "step-by-step"
instruction. Subroutine 1000 changes the random
(but melodic) music. The last two SYScs translate
from the shadow screen to the not-now-visible
screen and to color memory. Finally, subroutine
1100 flips the screen memory to the other screen.
Sec program listings on page 191 . @
VIC 20 / COMMODORE 64
INCOME TAX PROGRAM
—1983 Forms 1040, 2441. Schedules A, B, D, G
—Menu Driven
—Saves Tax Data on Disk/Tape
—Optional Printer Output
—Quick Last Minute Ctianges
—Answers "Wtiat If" Questions
—Cassette $49.95/Diskette $51,95
—Postage/Handling Included
—VIC 20 Requires 24K Expander
— Dealer Inquiries Invited
SEND ORDERS OR INQUIRIES TO:
UC SOFTWAHE • P.O. BOX M36 • UNIVERSAL CITY, TX 7814B
VIC® 20 OWNERS
Fulfill ttie
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This versatile memory and slot expansion peripheral
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set button (eliminates using the power-on switch)
and an auto start ROM selection switch,
WRSM-8K, 8K RAM + 3 slots S 84.50
#RSM-16K, 16K RAM + 3 slots .... $ 99.50
#RSM-24K. 24K RAM + 3 slots .... 1119.50
We accept checks, money order. Visa/Mastercard. Add
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Look at these
Features
• Fully screen-oriented
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Wordprocessor
for
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tradeoiatk of ELCOMP
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BLIZTEXT - SUPER WORDPROCESSOR
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- ON SALE NOWl -
• Fjlly screen 'Oriented, up/down, left and right
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• Morfl than 70 commands
• Full I/O CDmpitrbility wilh Commcxiore p«riph«r3li
Upper and low«r case
• Works wilh practical Iv every printer on (he market,
user definabirr printer control commands
• INCLUDE command allows handling large files
on Lrp 10 4 diskettes or on cassette.
• Build In terminal software for electronic mail and
networking, Telecommunications mode, upload and
download . save on disk or cassette.
• Dynamic formatting. Imbedded commands
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• Double lino ipacing; left end right margin justification,
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Oab outstanding tool, consisting ol 3 povvorfui elements
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1.1 fully screen-oriented Editor [more than 70
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3,) Machine Language Monitor
A$sembly can ha started from the editor. Translates in
3 passes. More than 1.000 labiss. screen oriented/no line
numbers, scrolling, includes disk files.
Practically everything the serious machine language
programmer needs everyday I
Manual only ET9.95
Order? 4963 £89.00
THE GREAT BOOK OF GAMES, VOL.1,
by Franz Ende
4e programs for the Commodore 64
Introduction to graphics and sound. How to program
your own gamts. Walking pi[;tur6s, animation, high
resolution graphics, programrning tips end tricks, hints
and useful subroutines lor the beginner and advanced
programmer. This book is a MUST for every C-64 o^ner.
Hardware Add-Ons:
Parallel printer interface KIT Order # 4990 E 13.95
Direct Connect Modem KIT Order #4991 Ails (.price
Universal Experimenter Board Order #4970 £ 9.9S
Enpansion Board, space for four ex-
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Come and get it ~ I t'l youri for onfy
Order #192 12Bpagai
Programs from the book on disk.
Order #4988
S 9.9S
S9.95
B19.95
MORE ON THE SIXTYFOUR, by H.C. Wagner
How to get the most out of your powerful Commodore
64. Very important subroutines, tricks and hints in
machine language lor your C-64. How to modify DOS.
How to connect a parallel and seriel printer. How to
design your own terminal program for communication
and networking. Dig into I/O (or cassette and disk.
Orders 183 89,95
Programs from (he book on disk
Order =4989 E19.9E
NEW PRODUCTS
Watch out for our now books, software and add-ons to
come soon. ON SALE NOW) ■ ORDER TODAY!
Hovi/ to program In 6502 Machine Language on
your C-64 , by S. Roberts (introduction)
Ordef.= 184 £12.95
Commodore.64 Turve-up^ Vol. L by S. Roberts
How to expand and customiic your C-64.
Order#18B E12.9S
Small Business Programs for the Commodore-64
by S. Roberts
How to make money using your C-64. Mailing list,
invoice writing, inventory, simple wordprocessinff and
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Order {^ 1% ei2.95
For your VIC-20
Tricks (or VjCs
Universal Experimenter board
£9.95
ificks for Vies
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PAVMENT: check, money order. VISA, MASTER
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Prepaid orders add E3.50 for shipping (USA)
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TalAV - tiO AQ t1
Canyon
Cruiser
Thomas Catsburg
Originally written for
the Commodore 64,
"Canyon Cruiser" has
been adapted for the
unexpanded VIC-20 as
well. The game works
with either keyboard
controls or a joystick.
"Canyon Cruiser" (64 vci'Aion)
Commodore 64 owners
are usually hungry for
games. For a long time
there was not much soft-
ware to choose from, al-
though the situation has
improved considerably
in recent months.
There are, of course, hundreds of games writ-
ten for the older Commodore PET computers
available. Using one of the PET emulators on the
market, many of these games will run with little
or no modification on the Commodore 64.
Unfortunately, these games do not take ad-
vantage of the Commodore 64's advanced fea-
tures— such as sprites, custom characters, and
synthesized sound. These features just weren't
available on the PETs.
Updating An Old Favorite
"Canyon Cruiser" is an updated version of an old
favorite on the PET. The idea is to guide your
96 COMPUTEI's Gazallc Junuaryl98'l
spaceship through a nar-
row canyon. The walls
keep getting closer, natu-
rally, so the game keeps
getting harder.
Starting with this
basic concept, I improved
the Commodore 64 adap-
tation by making the
spaceship a multicolored
sprite and by adding a
new twist — wandering
asteroids. The asteroids,
also sprites, cannot de-
stroy your ship. But they
A juuiticohted asteroid approaches flic plai/er's spaceship ni ^^ ^ ^ ^ ^^ ^^^ visual con-
fusion while passing by.
In that sense they can be
considered an additional hazard.
The VIC-20 lacks sprites, so all the shapes
in the VIC version are created with custom
characters.
Cruisln' For A Bniisin'
Canyon Cruiser transforms you into the pilot of a
new spaceship. Your goal is to test the craft to its
limits by flying it down the funnel-shaped canyon
without crashing into the unyielding walls.
To control trie spaceship from the keyboard,
steer it left or right with the colon (:) and semicolon
(;) keys. You can also use a joystick if you prefer
(on tiic Commodore 64, plug 'the stick into port 2).
BREATHE LIFE
RC64
Now fhoi yoo hove iT. pur (> to w
TUTOR puts you in chorge wirti o Comrnodore
64 tufofio!. screen display edifor. sprise editor.
music synrtiesize? 6 pfogrommer s coJcoloror.
Use the ruroria! re ieorn whor your
CofTTTiodofe 64 ccn do. And how to dc i;.
C-eore. editO sove one poge of lexers:
-. -c /ot piaufes with the screen disployjeditor.
Zr.ret sprires *'om the Commodore Mcnuol.
Or rnoke op yc-Jt owr\. Then edit or.d sove
then) ysirvg the spiiie editor. Sprite cretfrion is
quick- ond eosy. Pioy mL;sic wiTh rhe music
symhesizer. Use me progrommef s colculofor
lo odd. subtroo mutripty & divide in de|cimol,
hexodecimoi ond binotv. Includes ANCi, OR.
J^GR ShilTond Iscompiemenr functions.
- Greor for new users. C64 TUTOR cures
compurerphobio ond promotes computer
liferQcy.
Take IT from me. with o lirtle power, Jhe
possibilities ore endless.
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VIC-20 EXPANDER SALE!
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32K RAM MEMORY EXPANDER
(Expands to total memory to 57K (57,000 bytes)
3 SLOT "CARDCO" SWITCHABLE EXPANDER BOARD
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RIBBON CABLE EXPANDER BOARD
(Lifetime warranty)
40-80 COLUMN BOARD
$ 69.95 $39.00
$ 99.00 $55.00
$159.00 $79.00
$199.00 $95.00
$ 39.95 $29.00
$ 99,00 $49.00
$129.00 $69.00
VIC 20
40-80 COLUMN BOARD
^ only ^69°° ^
Now you can get 40 or 80 Columns on your T.V. or monitor at one time! No
more running out of line space for programming and making columns. Just
plug in this board and you immediately convert your VIC-20 computer to 40
or80 columns! Comes in an attractive molded case with instructions!
List SI 29.00 Sale S69.00
FOR ONLY S19.95 you can get a 40-80 Column Board "WORD PROCESSOR" with mail merge
and terminal emulator PLUS! AN ELECTRONIC SPREAD SHEET (like Visicalc) the word
processor requires 8K— mail merge 16K! List $49.90. Sale $39.90. *lf purchased with board
only $19.95. (Tape or Disk.)
Add $3.00 for postage. Ado S6 00 for CANADA. PUERTO RICO. HAWAII '
orders we DO NOT EXPORT TO OTHER COUNTRIES |
Enclose Cashiers ChecK, Money Order or Personal Cfieck Allow 14 |
days (or delivery. 2 to 7 days (or phone orders. 1 day express mail' j
Canaoa orders must De m U S. dollars We acceol Visa and Masler j
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ChlTCDpDI7CC ME LOVE OUR CUSTOMERS)
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• 15 Day Free Trial - 90 Day Immediate Replacement Warranty
9" Screen -Green Text Display $ 79,00
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I please add 6% tax. Add $20.00 lor CANADA, PUERTO RtCO, HAWAII |
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Leaving Uu- Imsc at tin- iv;^iiiniu\^ ofn <^aim' of "Camion
Cniisir" (VIC rvrsiofi).
The spaceship changes color to warn you
that the canyon is narrowing.
At the end of the flight you will be ranked
according to your skill. There are U ranks ranging
from "Starter" to "Han Solo." If you want, you
can change these ranks to anything you want by
locating these lines in the program and modifying
them. {But be sure to get the program 'working as
published before tinkering with it.)
Sec program listings on page 188. W
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7 'A" I 5v,- 1 ' '/,." INO BOARD). sg 95
WRITE
LETCO. OEPT. CA
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Inside the Commodore 64
iikM
1^ tV*l JM**1
This step -by -step guide lu machine languaije and assembly
language programming will teach yciu whal you don't al-
rpfldy know and assist you to use whal you do. Cnmbin<>d
with the integrated set of softurare tools i>l Deyeti)p.64. it
makt-s the ideal develiipment system.
A total reference work on the Commodore 64. Inside the
Commodore 64 gives you inside inFormation on thp inside
olthe machine: its graphics, its music synthesiier. its built-
in software and the techniques (or taking advantage of the
many powerful features of this computer. A complete
memory map is provided with information on hour to call
the Internal programs from your own. Written as a pro-
grammer's guide with a marhinf language programmer's
perspective, it will become your primary referenrp guide. If
you are still learning you will find it your best teacher.
Priced at il9,95. Inside ihp Commodore 64
comps fr^e wilh Drvficiii-fti* (S49 951,
Ask for them at your favorite software outlet,
Software for Commodore Personal Computers.
PO Box 207. Cannim Falls. MN 5S009 (S»7| 263.4HZI
VICTORY SOFTWARE
INTRODUCES
Tbe
TH WARRIOR SERIES
METAMORPHOSIS S19.9S
You stumbled into the nest o( the Cyglorx
and tind yourself fighting o(t robot tanks
guarding ttie Cyglorx eggs. You ttiink you
have everything under control and ttien
the eggs start hatching. Commodore 64
version features 4 different screens.
Avollable tor COMl4(IOIX)HE M and VIC-20.
:s*>
Ployed with JOYSTICK.
A CREATOR'S REfEMflE mM
^I^Ihe creator assembled a mosslve army of robots and insects
to take revenge on the earth. Destroy insects, get treasures, and
get the neutron bomb deactivator. Battle robots and destfoythe
neutron bomb before It annlhalites your city. Miss and you must
(ace the mutants. Features 4 different screens.
Avalloble tor COMMODORE 64. Ployed with JOYSIICK
Q lARYRlHTH OF THE CREATOR mm
^1^ Journey Into the most complex and dangerous fortress ever
build by the creator You will encounter deadly robots, skulls,
lakes, avalanches, folse creators, and a creature who rooms
256 rooms relentlessly pursuing you.
Available for COMMODORE 64. Played with JOYSTICK
jr^
fPHTT HPWTEB $i».95
An adventure In the Old West. Journey back with us into
the days of Jessie James ond Billy the Kid where the only
form of Justice was a loaded revolver and a hangman's noose,
, In this full-length text adventure, you
■^ j play the role of Bounty Hunter, battting
against ruthless outlaws, hostile Indl-
ons, wild animals ond the elements of
the wilderness with only your wits and
your six gun. Average solving time: 20-
30 hours. If you love adventures, this
one Is a real treat.
Available (or COMMODORE 64 and VIC-20
■^'i-h^m (^''"^ BK or 16K expander). Played wilti Koy-
Programs for the VIC-20
and the COMMODORE 64.
All games available on
TAPE or DISK.
All Arcade-Style games
are packed full of
MACHINE CODE.
gMIQO gOMQ
Cllrnb ladders, ovoid the barrels the cra-
zy ope is rolling at
you, and rescue the
damsel. Commodore 64
version features 4 dif-
ferent screensi
Available for COMMODORE
64 and VIC-20 Ployed with
JOYSTICK ot KEYBOARD
flRAVE ROBBERS $1995
introducing the first GRAPHIC ADVEN-
TURE ever available for the VIC-20 or COM-
fiflODORE 64! With realistic audio-visual effects,
you explore an old deserted graveyard and
actually see the perils that lie beyond.
Available tor COMMODORE 64 and VIC-20. Ployed with
KEYBOARD.
CHOMPER MAM
Don't let the bullies catch you as you
gobble the goodlesl This progrom has 6
screens and still fits In the
"^Wm . ' * standord memory.
__ "^ • *^ Available lor COMMODORE 64
IKQOKS
$14.95
Earth's surface Is ttireotened by collapse from a strange
group of creotures who bore out the earth's crust to make
their dens. Your objective is to enter the creature's habitat and
spin the invaders to death,
Available tor COMMODORE 6A. Played with JOYSTICK
Check your LOCAL DEAIER of order directly.
ORDERING: We accept personal checks, moneyorders,
VISA, and MASTERCHARGE. Charge orders please In-
clude number and expirallon date. Overseas orders
please use ctiorge or tiove check payable through a
US banit Add $1 50 postoge ond handling per order.
PA residents please odd 6% soles <ox
COMPUTING
for families
New Family
Learning Games
Fred D'Ignazio, Associate Editor
This month compute!'s gazette
is consolidating two previous
columns — the monthly "Com-
puting For Kids" and the bi-
monthly "Computing For
Grown-Ups" — into one new
monthly column, "Computing
For Families." Each month.
Computing For Families will
cover topics of interest to all
members of home-computing
families, both young and ol(l
And as before, the column
will be written by Fred
D'Ignazio, himself the head of
a home-computing household.
These colorful designs and the otws on
foUouHug pages were cmUt'd with
Spinnaker Softxvare's Delta Drawing.
102 COMPUTE!'s Gazelle January 1984
Ambushing The Mailman
When I was a kid I used to belong to all sorts of
mail-order book clubs. When I knew a book was
coming I would rush home from school or spend
an entire Saturday prowling around my front
yard waiting for the mailman to pull up our drive-
way. It was a great feeling when he brought a big
box addressed to me. I knew that a new book was
inside the box. It didn't matter that I could never
remember what book I had ordered. That was
part of the fun.
Now I have two children (Catie, 8, and Eric,
4) who have followed in my footsteps. Catie and
Eric get as excited as I did about receiving packages
in the mail, and they are as good as I was at am-
bushing the mailman. On Saturday mornings,
they lie in wait behind two big pine trees just out-
side the porch door. When the mailman arrives
they spring out and grab all his packages and run
into the house. They reach the living room, and
they start ripping the packages apart.
But do you think they are looking for books?
Nope. They are looking for new computer
learning games arriving in the mail. And they act
like wild things until they unwrap the games, load
them into the computer, and begin playing them.
Champions And Cheerleaders
Here, below, is a group of seven games that capti-
vated me and my family. They are remarkably
diverse anti quite varied in the thinking and skill
they demand from the human player. But they
are similar in four key traits, l-irst, they are just as
much fun for adults as they are for kids. Second,
they can be played at many different levels, so,
with help from an adult, even a toddler can benefit
from them. Third, the games are constructive and
nonviolent. They let families build things rather
than train them in creative destruction. Fourth,
the games are much more fun when people piay
them together.
All these games encourage interaction among
family members, schoolmates, and friends. At
our house we almost always play the games to-
gether. The approach we use is to have one person
step forward as the stalwart champion and have
the other family members be coaches, cheer-
leaders, and the peanut gallery. At the end of
each game we rotate all the roles.
Playground Or Swamp?
It was interesting to see Eric and Catie approach
these new games. They never want to read any
directions before starting. They equate direction-
reading with "adult," "slow," "dense," and
"boring." On their own, they never read direc-
tions^— uuk'ss tlii'if appear on tin' ficrecu. They just
boot up a disk or plug in a cartridge. Then they
start madly pressing buttons or swiveling a joy-
stick or game paddle. Pretty quickly something
begins happening. Then it's "play it by ear" all
the way.
This sort of approach makes me very nervous.
Nevertheless, 1 usually climb aboard for the ride,
just to see where we'll all end up.
Most of the time, the kids wander through a
program — at n (gallop — and usually figure out
what's going on. Then they begin playing with a
passion.
But sometimes their approach is akin to
turning down a blind alley and running, full-
speed, into a brick wall. Then, with their noses
out of joint, the kids turn around to me and an-
nounce, "Daddy, this is a dumb game!"
And, that's that. When the computer doesn't
respond, when my kids feel powerless and out of
control, they abandon the game. It's like watching
their playground turn into a yucky swamp. While
it's still a playground they love to race around
COMPUTEi's Cozetle January 1984 103
and Lisc thr L\]iiipmenl. IUi[ when suddenly the
ground turns into sticky glue, the kids feel
paralyzed.
I used to think they had reached a real dead
end. Now 1 look at it as an opportunity to start
doling out some game rules and special "power"
buttons that get the game moving again and put
the kids back in control.
Pipes
Pipi'n is available on cartridge for the VlC-20
(S29.95) or the Commodore 64 (S34.95). It won
the 1983 CES (Consumer Electronics Show) Soft-
ware Showcase Award for Home Education. It is
made bv;
Cmitivc Software
201 SiVi AittotiioCitvle
Moil 1 1 til in View, CA 94040
(40S) 745-1655
Pipes is a game that never turns into a swamp.
When the program begins t lie re is a plumber, a
house, and a water supply tank on the tiisplay
screen. On the far right is a pipe factory with bins
full of pipes of all shapes.
My kids were puzzled by Pipes at first. But
that didn't stop them from leaning on the joystick
and racing the little plnmber around the screen.
They learned how to use the "radar" display — a
little window in the corner of the screen that lets
you see the piumber, the house, the water tank,
and the pipe factory, all at the same lime. And,
by randomly pressing the joystick buttons, they
discovered they could buy pipes from the factory
and hook them up to the Iiouse and the water tank.
The first couple of times we played the game
the kids created some pretty weird pkunbing.
Pipes squirreled out of the iiouse, then
corkscrewed, pirouetted, and pretzeled them-
selves into oblivion. We found out how to turn on
the water supply (by pressing the V key on the
computer) and squirted water all over the ground
with ecological abandon.
Eventually we ended Lip with some pretty
decent plumbing. The pipes went in efficierit riglit
angles out of the water tank and into the house.
When we turned on the water, it flowed in a direct
route from the tank to the house.
After hooking up the plumbing to one house
had become a snap, we graduateci to a whole
104 COMPUWs Gatetle January 1984
neigh borhooci with up to five houses. We even
figured out how to do the plumbing with the
cheapest pipe and save the most money.
Now the kids mostly play Pipcti alone. The
other day I went into the dining rtiom and found
Eric busy building a circular pipe network out of
the water tank. I frowned anci screwed up my face.
"Why would you want to do that?" 1 asked him.
"Because," he said, not looking up, "this
way the water never goes away,"
Delta Drawing
My daughter Catie and I reviewed the Apple ver- .
sion of Delta Drawing in the June 1983 issue of
COMPUrii! Magazine, Now Spinnaker Software has
released Delta Dniwiii^ on cartridge for the Com-
modore 64 (S39.95). You can reach Spinnaker at:
Spiiunikcr Softu>are Corpoynlioii
215 First Street
Cambridge, MA 02U2
(617) 868-4700
The Commodore 64 version of Delta Drawing
is significantly more powerful than the earlier
Apple version. And the Apple version was a
knockout,
Catie and I found Delta Draiving to be a lot
like Logo — only upside down! To make the Logo
turtle do something you have to define a proce-
dure (or program) and type in lots of one- or two-
letter commands. Then, when you're all done,
you have to type the procedure name to make the
turtle do its tricks.
This kind of programming is called delayed
gratification. It requires a lot of patience — espe-
cially when you are only four years old.
Delia Drawing is just the opposite. The payoff
comes at the beginning ami at the end. Here's a
typical session with Eric:
Eric plugs the Delta Drawing cartridge into
the Commodore 64, and, a moment later, a triangle
and a blinking dot appear in the center of an empty
screen. The triangle is "DeeDee" the turtle. The
dot is DeeDee's tail. DeeDee uses her tail to draw.
Eric starts DeeDee on a trip across the screen
by pushing the D key (for Draw). DeeDee moves
about a quarter of an inch up the screen, then
stops. Bchinti her is a white line.
Eric pushes the D key again, then the R key
(for turn right 30 degrees) three times. Then he
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AecTKllled tv tlw Accndlllng CommpllKin pt <lia Nitlontl Horns Stuejy Cou nci I I
pushes the S key.
Eric has made DeeDee do something signifi-
cant by pushing just five buttons. First, he has
made DeeDee move and draw a line — as soon as
he presses the button. (This is called immediate
gratification.)
Second, he has just created a program. The
program is extremely simple, but it will act as a
building block for the shapes that Eric is planning
to make DeeDee draw next.
Eric saves his program by pressing the S key.
(At this point Eric's daddy likes to press the T —
Text— key to see the actual commands Eric has
given DeeDee. This reassures Eric's daddy that
Eric is, in fact, creating a real program. Eric, how-
ever, is confident that he is programming even
without seeing the list of commands. He can see
that his programs are working by watching
DeeDee whiz around the screen drawing the
shapes he has dreamed up.)
When Eric presses the S key the screen goes
blank and DeeDee reappears in the home position.
With only a moment's hesitation, Eric presses the
X and the 1 buttons to run Program 1. DeeDee
spurts forward two paces and turns right. Behind
her is the straight line.
Eric presses the X and 1 buttons three more
times. When he is done DeeDee is back in her
liome position. She has just drawn a square. Eric
types the R button to turn DeeDee 30 degrees to
the right. Then he types an S to save his second
program.
Next Eric presses the X and the 2 keys seven
times to run Program 2 seven times. When he is
finished he smiles. DeeDee has just created a
flower made up of little boxes rotated around a
central axis.
Is Eric done? Not yet. He likes flowers so
much he wants them all over the screen, and he
wants them in different colors. He pressesa couple
more keys and colors the flower petals orange
and blue and green. Then he presses the M button
and holds it down. DeeDee scoots up the screen.
Eric presses the S button to save his third program.
Now he's finally ready to do his picture. To
make the picture ho uses the building block Pro-
grams 1-3 that he has just created. To fill the screen
with colorful flowers, he has to press only two
keys: the X and the 3. Each time he runs his third
106 COMPUWs Cazotta January 1984
program, DeeDee draws a flower, colors it in,
then zips to a new part of the screen.
Pretty soon Eric and DeeDee have filled the
entire screen with flowers. Eric is done. He gets
up from the computer and goes looking for his
family to show off his latest creation.
The Tip Of The Iceberg
Dcltii Drawing is a spectacular learning game. I
have described only a tiny bit of what kids can do
with it. But the neatest thing about Deltn Drmuing
is that children can explore all its powerful fea-
tures, or they can spend hours on a single part of
Delta Drawi^ig and still not exhaust it. The program
is made for children to explore. And if my children
are anv guide, they love doing it.
Kids On Keys
Kids on Keys is available from Spinnaker Software.
The Commodore 64 disk costs $29.95; the Com-
modore 64 cartridge costs $34.95.
Kids ini Kn/s is one of those programs that my
family ought to like. If teaches all sorts of good
things like the alphabet, shapes and colors,
problem-solving, and, last but not least, the com-
puter (or typewriter) keyboard.
It turns out that my family really does love
Kids oti Ki'\/s, but not because it teaches all that
sound educational stuff. We love it for lots of little
intangible reasons, tike the neat music it plays.
Or like the little person who whimsically floats up
and down in a balloon. Or the way the letters we
correctly identify make a loud BURP! and crumble
like cookies. Or the funny way the cats, rabbits,
boots, and faces fly off the screen after we correctly
identify them.
Somehow, subtly, and disarmingly, Kids ou
Keys is charming. So we all love to play it. (Even
though some of us are 34 years old, and we're
supposed to already know our alphabet.)
And for those adults out there who are snick-
ering in their sleeves, I dare you to try Kids on
Keys, Game 3, Level 4. Just try to guess all those
fragmented shapes, especially after they have
changed color and scrambled their positions. Let
me tell you, it is no laughing matter. Especially
since the key word is quickly fading away.
How well-developed is your skill of pattern
recognition? Play Kids on Keys, and you'll find out.
I CodePro-64
[Overview
i BASIC Tutorial
0 — Using CodePro-64 |
1 — CBIVl-64 Keyboard Review
2 — Introduction to BASIC
3 — BASIC Commands
4 — BASIC Slalemenls
5 — BASIC Functions
Grapliics & Music I
6 — Keyboard GRAPHICS
7 — Introduction to SPRITES
8 — SPRITE Generator
^ 9 — SPRITE Demonstrator
A — Introduction to MUSIC
B — MUSIC Generator
S— MUSIC Demonstrator
311
K — Keyword Inquiry
R — Run Sample Programs
SELECT CHOICE OR HIT SPACE FOR DEFAULT
I Main Menu^ NEW! Fof the Commodore 64'
ANNOUNCING
CodePro-64~
A new concept in
interactive visual
learning . .
Now you can learn lo C0d(3 m BASIC and davBlop
advanced pragrammmg skills wilh graphics, spriies and
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SEE PROGRAM EXECUTION
Imagiro aclually seeing BASIC iiliilemcnis oxecule.
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BASIC program segnenis You enter ihe requested dala
Of lei CodePro-64 do tte typing lor you. ( It will not lot you
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After entering an examp'e you invoke our exclusive
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example Bxecules.
You step tt)rougt> and actually see the execution ol
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You see slatements with corresponding (low char!
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EXTENSIVE TUTORIAL
CodePrQ-64's ojt tensive lutorial guides you Ihrougti
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You gel clear explanations. Tfien you ontur program
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you invoke BasicView lo see examples execute and
watch iheir How charts and variables change
By seeing graphic displays o( program segment execu-
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grasp programming concepla easier with CodeFro-64
because you immediately see the resulls of your mpul.
You control your teaming You can go through the tutor ■
lal sequentially, or retuTn to the main menu and select
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merits lo sludy You can pago back anrt forth bolwiien
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CodePro 64 lets you follow your interests and prac-
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learn about sprite and music programming
SPRITE GENERATOR & DEMONSTRATOR
CodePro- 64 "s sprite generator lets you define your
ownaprltMontbe scree n.Youiearnhowlodctinespritoa
and what data values correspond lo your sprite cfelini-
lions. [You can then use these values to write your own
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nitions and make changes to immediately see Ihe effects.
We also help you learn to program with sprites by giving
you a aprfle demonslrator so you can see the effect of
changing register values You can exponmenl by moving
your sprite around in a screen segment, change its color
Of priority, and see the effects of your changes You learn
by visual examples
MUSIC GENERATOR & DEMONSTRATOR
To teach you music programming CQdePro-64 gives
you an interactive music generator and demonstratof.
First W(J help you set all your SID parameters (attack/
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notes IP play and we show your tune graptilcalty ai It
playi, note by note, on the scale. You learn by seeing and
hearing the results ol your input.
OUR GUARANTEE
We guaranlee your satisfaction. Vou must be
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Our music demonstiatoi lets you experiment with var-
ious combinations ol music programming parameters
and hear the resulls You can qutekly modify any of the
SID regisler values to hear the etlecls ol the change For
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decay values while holding all other SID values constant
By seeing your input and hearing ine result you quickly
learn how to crealo now musical sounds and special
sound effects
AND MORE . . .
We don't have enough space to ten you everything
CodePro-64 offers. You need to see lor yoursell BASIC
tufonats. graphics, sprites, music, keyboard review, sam-
ple programs— the main menu shown above gives you
|jsl a summary of the contents of this powerful educa-
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Whether you're a beginning programmer or an oipori-
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because CodePro-6'l was developed by a team ol two
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CodePro-64 is a professional quality educational pro-
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Dealer Inquiries Invited.
Alphabet Zoo
Alphabet Zoo is also available from Spinnaker Soft-
ware. The Commodore 64 disk costs $29.95; the
Commodore 64 cartridge costs $34.95,
Alphabet Zoo is a trip — a trip into a dark maze
filled with colorful glowing letters. At the heart of
the maze is a fox or a vase or a bottle of ink or a
pair of socks (or dozens of other objects). Your
goal is to guess the first letter in the object's name
(like "(" for fox or "s" for socks). Then you run
.hrough the maze and chase down that letter.
The letter skulks around the maze trying to elude
you, but you can enter special doorways and take
shortcuts through the maze. When you capture
the letter, the computer plays a musical tune, you
win points, and you get plopped down in a new
maze with new letters and a new object.
Alphabet Zoo is very flexible. You and your
child can play alone or together. You can choose
to chase down capital letters, lowercase letters, or
1 mixture of both. Also, you can graduate to game
2 where you have to chase down entire words
that match the picture in the maze's center.
There are six levels in each game. This lets
your child work on different types of letters and
words: easy and difficult consonants, vowels, etc.,
and words of anywhere from two to nine letters.
Alphabet Zoo is a valuable game for you and a
child to play. It teaches all sorts of reading readi-
ness skills, including letter recognition, letter se-
quence, and letter sounds. And having to chase
the letters around the maze helps children develop
fine motor skills that they will need when they
:)egin writing.
All these things are terrific, but I've saved the
best part for last. When you start each new trip
into the alphabet maze, you gel to choose your
own player-creature. And the creatures are hilari-
ous. One is a plump, pumpkin-like happy face.
Another is a little, excited monster who keeps
jumping up and down.
All the player-creatures are very lovable.
Making them hop and bump their way around
the maze hunting letters is n big part of the game's
charm. And that's the secret of a good game. The
game has worthwhile goals and desirable rewards.
But it's also fun just playing. You and the child
will sfill enjoy yourselves even if you never do
track down one of those tricky letters.
1 08 COMPU TEl's Gazette Ja n ua ry 1 98't
Cosmic Life
Cosmic Life is available from Spinnaker Software.
The cartridge for the Commodore 64 costs $34.95.
Cosmic Life originated long, long ago, in the
mists of time, before the Apple, before the PET,
and before the TRS-80.
In that long-ago time there was a math wizard
named John Conway. Conway created a game
called Life. In Conway's little world, creatures
lived according to three very simple rules;
• Survival
Every creature with two or three neigh-
bors was happy and survived until the next
generation.
• Death
When a creature was surrounded by four or
more neighbors the creature felt overcrowded,
became sad, and died. If the creature had
only one neighbor or no neighbors at all, the
creature became lonely and died.
■ Birth
Whenever three creatures got together and
shared an empty space, they produced a new
creature for the next generafion.
Conway published his game oiLife in Scientific
America}! over ten years ago. But it wasn't until
recently that Ken Ma dell, the author of Cosuiic
Life, showed Spinnaker that he could convert
Conway's intellectual parlor game into a fun com-
puter learning game for kids and adults.
The creatures in Cosmic Life are known as
Digi-Bugs, cute little Pac-Mivi-Mkc creatures. They
are born, they live, and they die according to Con-
way's original rules.
When you play Coaittic Life you begin with a
barren, uninhabited planet. You pilot a joystick-
controlled spaceship down to the planet and begin
seeding it with Digi-Bugs.
Then prepare to be entranced. Digi-Bug col-
onies start popping up all over the screen. The
little creatures grow, multiply, dwindle, and dis-
appear, right before your eyes.
You can set everything in motion, then retreat
to a cloud to watch the action, or you can dive
your spaceship back down and continue to seed
the planet's surface with new Digi-Bugs.
Pretty soon you will develop a real affection
The Most Practical Software
— Now Has Graphics
The Graphics AsststanI, the latest addition to the ASSISTANT SERIES, lets
you and your 64 produce charts and graphs in three formats. You can
display them on screen or print them out. On screen display is 30 columns
by 14 rows — about 60% of the screen. Print-out can be two sizes: a
compact 4" x 4" or a full page, 7" x 9", display.
Bar chart format accepts up to 30 bars per chart; line chart allows 200
>oints per chart; pie chart can be sliced as thin as you desire. Vertical and
lorizontal labels are clearly displayed. On the pie chart a label with
pointer is displayed outside the graph and indicates percentage or raw
riumeric data, i.e. Rainbow (73) or Graphics (141). You can assign range,
limits, and values to create charts. Most importantly, however, you can
retrieve data from files created by the Spreadsheel Assistant.
The ASSISTANT SERIES is now better than ever! You can now attach
graphs to documents created by the Writer's Assistant. And produce
comparison charts from data that has been calculated and replicated on
the Spreadsheet Assistant.
The Graphics Assistant $79.95
KiyiNDOW
€mputer €rporQtion
490 Lancaster Pike
for the little creatures. You will [earn what patterns
help them grow and which patterns make them
sad and vanish.
Something happens each Digi-Bug day. Each
day lasts about four seconds. You can create a
game of anywhere from 10 to 250 Digi-Bug days.
At the end of each day the conrputer scores points
based on how many Digi-Bugs are currently living
on the planet. Your goal is to create settlement
patterns for the Digi-Bugs that make them happy,
fruitful, and fertile. But you have to keep a balance.
If your Digi-Bug planet gets too crowded, the
Digi-Bugs will start disappearing again.
Up For Grabs
up for Crabs is also available from Spinnaker Soft-
ware. The program costs $39.95 and comes on a
cartridge for the Commodore 64.
Up for Criib$ is supposedly for kids eight and
up. But it is an instant swamp for kids, and maybe
for adults, too. This is not to say that the program
is not fun, because it is fun. But Up for Grabs is not
an intuitivelv charming game like the other games
above. It takes lots of practice and you'd better
read the instruction book if you want to know
what's going on.
Up for Gnibs is an electronic Scrabble game. A
cube spins around in the center of the screen. On
each of the cube's faces is a letter. The letter rotates
around, in view, then disappears. When the cube
face comes around the next time, a new letter has
replaced the old letter.
You pick a letter by pushing the button on
your joystick. An arrow appears and points, in
turn, at each of the letters on the cube that are
visible. When the arrow points at the letter you
want, you press the joystick button again.
There are four letter boards for up to four Up
for Craba players. Once you have chosen a letter,
you can place it on one of the squares on your
board by manipulating a row pointer and a column
pointer.
When Catie and I first tried playing Up for
Crabs without reading the directions, we got
nowhere.
Later, my wife Janet and I played. Janet spent
most of the first couple of games fuming and
fussing at the computer. She claimed it was
stealing her letters, putting them on the wrong
squares on the board, and substituting other let-
ters for the ones she'd chosen.
I had the same problem.
But then things started improving. We got
better at manipulating the letters and the game
boards. All of a sudden, we were hooked. We
played game after game.
We kept playing. I looked at my watch. It
was ten o'clock, it was a school night, and the
kids were upstairs noisily dismantling their bed-
110 COMPUTErs Gazette Janui3ryl984
rooms. But Janet and I played on.
If you like Scrabble and you are a patient
learner, you'll like Up for Grab^.
Tonight I'm going to talk to Catie. I'm going
to try to persuade her to give the game a second
chance, I think it's worth it.
Fraction Fever
Fraction Fever \s available from Spinnaker Software,
It costs $34.95 and comes on a cartridge for the
Commodore 64.
This is one of the most frustrating yet most
addictive games I have ever played. (Spinnaker
recommends Fraction Fever for people eight and
up. Fraction Fever, Up for Crabs, and Cosmic Life
arc the first three games in Spinnaker's Family
Learning Game series.)
The game is not a swamp, it's just so darned
tough!
When you enter the world of this game you
become a little person on a pogo stick. You start
bouncing the pogo stick around on the bottom
floor of a crazy, 20-floor building.
As you bounce the pogo stick, using your
joystick, you discover boxes beneath the floor at
intervals. The boxes, some filled and some empty,
represent fractional quantities. Your goal is to
find a group of boxes that matches the fraction
hovering in the top-center part of your screen.
For example, let's say the fraction is Vi. You would
bounce your pogo stick until you found, say, four
boxes together where two boxes were full and
two were empty. When you bounce onto the
square with these boxes you press the joystick
button,
A neat thing happens, A fraction elevator
springs out of the floor, picks you and your pogo
stick up and carries you to the next floor. You
bounce off the elevator and begin hunting boxes
to match with a new fraction that is displayed at
the top of the screen.
One of the best features of this game is the
pogo radar. The little radar screen shows the floor
you are tin and the floor above and the floor below,
each in a different color.
The radar is important because you can use it
to estimate where you will find the boxes to match
the fraction. The boxes are like distance markers.
The fraction they represent is equal to the portion
of the whole floor you have traveled, measured
from left to right. For example, if you are trying to
find boxes representing %, you can locate your
little pogo-stick person on the radar, then bounce
him three-quarters of the way along the floor to
the right.
When you find the boxes — four of them, three
full; or, perhaps, eight of them, six of them full^
you have three visual matches for a particular
fraction. First, you have the fraction itself (Ki) in
Alphabet Zoo In/ Spiiumkcr Software. Kids on Keys h}/ Spinnaker Software. Fraction Fevur In/ Spinnaker Software.
the upper pari of tlio screen. Second, ytiu have
the four boxes (three full out of a total of four).
And, third, you can see the little pogo stick on
the radar, and it is exactly three-quarters of the
way along the floor (measured from left to right).
The radar is also important because it warns
you that holes in the tloorare close by. If your
pogo-stick person drops through the hole, he
falls to the next floor below. This tioesn't hurt
him, and he can summon the fraction elev'ator to
go back up by matching a new fraction to new
boxes. But he can only fall ten times. After that he
runs out of pogo slicks.
Where did the holes come from? The only
way to get points in this game is by punching
holes in the floor with your pogo stick. You get
points each time you punch a hole in the floor
over a set of boxes that do not match the fraction
that is appearing on the screen.
But watch out. You have to punch and run,
or else you will drop through the hole you just
created and fall down to the floor below.
And there's the rub. Those holes are a darned
nuisance. The first few times I played Fraction
Fcivr I deliberately pimched lots of holes to score
lots of points. But then my floors had holes every-
where, and 1 ended up failing down a hole before
I could find the correct boxes and catch a ride
upward on the fraction elevator.
So I changed my tactics. I tried to get to the
topmost (20th) floor first. Then I planned to work
my way backwards, punching holes and failing
through the floor.
This tactic worked fine until the 16th floor.
Then the boxes changed to partly filled beakers. I
had to see if the current fraction matched the
amount of liquid in the beakers, and then check
to see if the partly filled beakers matched the por-
tion of the floor I had traversed. By the time 1 went
through all this estimating and guessing, my time
would run out and 1 would have to hop off the
current floor (or fall through a hole) and drop to
the floor below. Then the timer would start again
and I would try to match the fraction, the beaker,
and the floor, and catch another ride upward on
the fraction elevator.
Unfortunately, 1 kept timing out and failing
through holes faster than 1 could estimate fractions.
Pretty soon 1 was back near the bottom of the
building with no more pogo sticks to bounce on.
Now I'm a veteran of Frnction Fever. Even so,
I've never made it past the sixteenth floor, and
I've never scored over 16 points.
But I'm going to keep trying. And because
I'm persisting, I'm becoming a better fraction-
guesser and a better pogo stick bouncer.
I just wish that Tom Snyder, the designer of
this game (along with other Spinnaker best sellers,
such as In Scmrh of the Moi^t Aniazi)i^ Thiii^f and
Snooper Troops), would have been more generous
with his point allotment. After scoring thousands
of points with videogames, I found it quite hard
to be content with scores like 6, 1 1, or 3,
Also, 1 would have loved it if Snyder had
awarded me points for guessing the correct frac-
tion rather than for punching holes in the floor
whenever I spotted an incorrect fraction (or group
of boxes representing a fraction).
Last, 1 wish that Snyder had designed the
game with several levels, including three or four
below the level the game operates at now. I can
live with the knowledge that I've only made it to
the sixteenth floor (that's '^d of all tiie floors, or
^1(1, or %, or four full boxes out of a total of five).
But it would have matie it easier for me to get
Cahe and IZric past the first floor.
I've caught a terminal case of fraction fever.
Now I'm anxious to pass it on to mv kids, @
£
AJUJi
'yn;ttmjj^
An income tax program for everyone to use.
TAX COMPUTATION has been approved for
COMMODORE'S ENCYCLOPEDIA OF
SOFTWARE as well as many other directories.
Your taxes will be completed quickly, easily, and
to your benefit.
TAX COMPUTATION Commodore 64 $39.95
K.R.Rullman vie 20. t 199/4 a $19,90
4550 Murray ft 81
Beaverton. OR 97005
Ths coil ol the program ia tax
daduclibia along with part ot the
coil ol your compuiar.
COMPUTE t'sGaiellB Janupry 19B4 m
64
Electronic Notepad
Dan Carmichael, Assistant Editor
If you've ever collected so many games and
programs on disk or tape that you lost track of
how to use each one, then the "64 Electronic
Notepad" is just what the doctor ordered.
Have you ever looked at n directory on a disk (or
a list of programs on a tape) that was jam-packed
with programs and realized that you had forgotten
the instructions on how to run them? Or have you
ever wanted a convenient way to store anything
like notes on that program you're writing or a list
of names and phone numbers? If so, then the "64
Electronic Notepad" is the program for you.
The Electronic Notepad contains the most
basic functions of a word processor and the ability
to store a screen full of information to either tape
or disk. Don't leave yet; there's an added bonus:
a built-in cipher that will, at the touch of a finger,
scramble or unscramble yuur notes. It's a simple
scrambler, but good enough to fool the average
nosey person.
How To Use The Program
First, type in the program and SAVE it to tape or
disk before running. Be extra careful when typing
in the DATA statements; they're for a machine
language program, and as with all machine lan-
guage subroutines, a mistake in just one DATA
statement can freeze up your computer.
After the program has been typed in accu-
rately, type RUN, press RETURN, and wait a few
seconds while the BASIC program loads the
machine language routines into memory.
1 1 2 COMPUTEI'i Gazelle January 1984
The first user prompt you will see is ENTER 2
SECRET CODES (0-255);. this is for the cipher
part of the program. The scrambling of your
notepad pages (which, by the way, is optional) is
done twice, using two different numbers. Two
scrambles will make it that much harder for the
curious or the nosey to decode your secret notes.
When you enter these two numbers (between 0
and 255), separate them by a comma. Don't be
alarmed when you type in the numbers and they
aren't seen on the screen. This is intentional. If
there are other people around, they won't be able
.to see your secret codes as you type them in. If
you want to see the numbers as you type them,
you can delete POKE 646, PEEK (53281) from line
17 (be sure to remove the colon, too). Remember
to separate the two numbers by a comma. As an
example, you might enter 100,200. If you won't
be needing the cipher, enter two zeros.
The second user prompt that will be displayed
is DISK OR TAPE?. Here you'll want to press
either D or T. The program is written for one or the
other, but not both at the same time. For example,
if you're in the tape mode, you won't be able to
get a disk director)' with the program, even if you
have a disk drive connected to the computer.
If you've typed in the program correctly, it
should now be running, and you should see the
options page. The options are:
Vieu} notepad page. Press the fl key for this
option. The program calls in a notepad page from
either disk or tape and sends it directly to the
screen for viewing.
Create notepad page. If you press f3, the pro-
gram enters the basic word processor mode. Now
EUREKA!
That's what we said when our new
"invention " solved alt our VIC-20'" and
Commodore-64^*' programming problems
We had a problom, So we invented
PC-DocuMate" to solve il. THe problem was
how to quickly master the VIC-20 and
CBM-64 keyboards and easily start pro-
gramming in BASIC on our new personal
computers. First we went through the
manuals.
INCONVENIENT MANUALS
The user's guide was a nuisance and the
programmer's reference manual was just
plain inconvenient to use. We found the
control key combinations confusing and the
introduction to BASIC to be too "basic" for
our needs. We needed a simple solution to
our documentation problems.
So we decided to surround the keyboard
of each PC with the information we wanted.
We decided to print whatever we needed on
sturdy plastic templateB which would tit the
keyboard of either the VIC-20 or Commo-
dore 64.
SIMPLE SOLUTION
This was the simple solulion to our prob-
lem. Now we could have the essential
information right at our fingertips.
On the left side and top of the templates
we put BASIC functions, commands, and
statements. On the lower left we used key
symbols to remind us of how to use SHIFT.
RUN/STOP, CTRL and the "Commodore"
key. Over on the bottom right side we put
some additional keys to help remember
about GLR/HOME and RESTORE, But we
were still a little confused.
STILL CONFUSED
We found we were confused about music
programming, color graphics, and sprites.
On both the VIC-20 and the CBM-64 tem-
plates we carefully organized and summar-
ized the essential reference data for music
programming and put it across the top-
showing notes and the scale. All those
values you must POKE and where to POKE
them are listed.
Then to clarify color graptilcs we laid out
screen memory maps showing character
and color addresses in a screen matrix, (We
got this idea from the manuals.)
For the VIC-20 we added a complete
memory address map for documenting
where everything is in an expanded or
unexpanded VIC,
For the Commodore 64 we came up with
a really clever summary table for showing
almost everything you ever need to know for
sprite graphics
GETTING EASIER
Now we had organized the most essential
information for our VIC and 64 in the most
logical way. BASIC, music, color graphics,
and sprites all seemed a lot easier Our
initial problem was solved by PC-Docu-
Mate"*
But we have a confession to make,
WE CHEATED
We had solved this Kind of problem
before. In fact, many times before. You see,
we at SMA developed the original PC-Docu-
Mate for the IBIvl PC, We've made templates
for IBM BASIC and DOS, for WORDSTAR'",
VISICALC" and other best-selling software
packages for the IBM PC,
So we knew we could invent another
PC-DocuMate" to solve our problems with
the VIC-20 and Commodore 64. Now our
solution can be yours and you can join the
thousands of satisfied users of our template
products,
Take advantage of our experience and
success with PC-DocuMate templates. Get
one for your personal computer,
SOME SPECIFICS
Our templates for the VIC and 64 are
made from the same high quality non-glare
plastic as the more expensive IBM PC
versions.
The templates are an attractive gray
color and are imprinted with a special black
ink which bonds permanently to the plastic
They are precision die-cut to fit your
keyboard.
Unlike some other products we've seen
in this category, PC-DocuMate templates
are professionally and expertly designed,
And they are fully guaranteed.
OUR GUARANTEE
We guaiantee your sal'Sfaclion You mu$l
beutislied with your PC-DocuMate tor your
VIC-20 or CBM,64 Try t\ lor 10 dairs and it
tor any reason you are not salisried return II
to us (undamaged) for a full relund. No rtth.
SOLVE YOUR PROGRAMMING
PROBLEMS WITH PC-DocuMate'"
Order your PC-DocuMate today (by
phone or mail) and solve your VIC-20 or
CBM-64 programming problems. Send only
S12.95 and specify v^hich computer you
have. We pay for shipping and handling.
Use Ihe coupon below or call 919-787-7703
for faster service.
YES! Please RUSH me VIC-20 I
templates and/or CBM-64 tem-
plates at $12.95 each. I have enclosed
S by:
Check . Money order MC/VISA
Name
Address
City
State
Zip
Cards
Exp
I Signature
I Foreign orders (except Canada| add S5.00 US
I
I Mail to: Systems ManagtmenI Associates
I 3700 Computer Drive, Depi. J,1
I P.O. Box 20025
Raleigh, PJorih Carolina 27619
I Canadians: Ptease send S18.9S CON for
I each template to:
SystemsManagsdieni AssocI a les
I 55A Weslrnore Dr., Dcpt. J- 1
Rexdalo. ONTARIO M9V3Y6
I
VtC-20 9ncf ComrTxx$ore 64 eiv QwJornafks of CorrainoAXG Suai-
nflss Machines. Inc
Ad ra 731 Copyhghl 19S3, SMA
Daalvr InqulriH invEtHJ.
you can create a notepad page and save it to tape
or disk with any filename you choose. Wliile
you're in tliis mode, pressing fl performs tlie
SAVE, and pressing f8 aborts tfie page and returns
to the options page.
Vim' (link dirccton/. This option (called by
pressing f5) displays the disk directory. The pro-
gram will send it directly to the screen, and it will
not affect the BASIC program in memory. While
you're in the tape mode, you cannot get a disk
directory.
Change program option!^. Pressing f6 restarts
the program. This enables you to change your
secret codes if you wish. You can also use this
option to change to either disk or tape. Pressing
f8 ends the program.
Using The Cipher Option
The scramble option runs all the time and is con-
trolled by the back-arrow key at the upper-left
corner of the keyboard. Pressing it once (if you
entered your secret codes) will scramble the
screen; pressing it again will unscramble.
To use the cipher option to scramble a page
before saving, create the page as you normally
would using the f3 crctile iiolcpad page opium. When
you're ready to save the page, press the back-
arrow (to scramble the page) and then press fl to
SAVE. The notepad page will then be saved to
either tape or disk in the scrambled form.
To use the cipher to unscramble a notepad
page, load the notepad page file as you normally
would using the fl view iiotcpaii page option. After
the page has been loaded and is displayed on the
screen, press the back -arrow to unscramble it. If
you're using the same secret codes you did when
you saved the page, the page will now be readable.
How The Program Works
The key to the Electronic Notepad is screen mem-
ory page-flipping. This is a teclinique where you
can create one or more extra screens in RAM mem-
o^)^ When you're in the create notepad page mode,
you're actually writing to the screen (1024-2047);
but as soon as you press f 1 for the SAVE, you
"flip" to another screen memory page thai has
been sot up past the end of the program in BASIC
memory. This way you can display the user
prompts, such as ENTER NOTEPAD PAGE
NAME, without disturbing the page you've writ-
ten. We'll come back to this later.
For you machine language programmers, the
program uses some Kernal routines. The load-a-
page option is done with the Kernal LOAD routine
($FFD5), and the save uses the Kernal SAVE
routine ($FFD8). The display directory option can
be found in the cassette buffer and is a machine
language subroutine.
The cipher option can be found in an unused
114 COMPUTEt's Gazetie Jonijoryl9B4
area of the 64's memory between 679 and 752
(S02A7 to $02F0). The subroutine works by looking
at screen memory itself and then flipping the bits
(with the EOR command) of the characters that
are displayed on the screen. It does this alternately
(every other byte of screen memory) with the two
secret codes you entered. The first secret code is
used to cipher all the odd bytes (1,3,5...), and
the second code is used for the even numbers
(2,4,6,...).
Hints And Tips
Remember your secret codes. If you use a different
secret code when you save a notepad page than
when you load it back in, the cipher will not cor-
rectly unscramble the page.
The word processor portion in the create
mode is designed to be a very elementary word
processor. You do not have full editing
capabilities, and a few keys, like the CRSR left/
right and the HOME/CLR, will not work. The
inconveniences arc minimal if you proofread the
text as it is being created. If you make a mistake,
use the DELETE key to backspace/erase and then
make your corrections. To end a line, press RE-
TURN, Don't use the last three positions (lower-
right corner) on the screen. This can cause the
screen to scroU, and you may lose the top one or
two lines of your text.
Organization of the notepad page filenames
can make things easier. For example, when saving
to disk, you might want to end each filename
with an EN, which stands for Electronic Notepad.
That way, when you're looking at the disk direc-
tory, you'll automatically know that a filename
like SPACE GAME. EN is the electronic notepad
page of instructions on how to play "Space Game"
on the same disk.
Don't scramble notepad pages unless abso-
lutely necessary. The program was written using
page-flipping for a specific reason. If you want to
quickly load in a notepad page in the immediate
mode, you can do it without running the Electronic
Notepad program. First you have to fill color mem-
ory, then you can load in the notepad page. To
do this, enter:
FORA = 55296T056319;POKEA,PEEK(646>:NEXT:
LOAD"filenamc",dn,l
then press RETURN. Filename is the name of the
Electronic Notepad page. The device number, dn,
is 1 for tape or 8 for disk. If the page was scrambled
before it was saved, you'll have to run the Notepad
program to unscramble it.
You'll probably find that keeping notes or
instructions on the same disks or tapes that contain
your programs is a lot easier than shuffling papers
and trying to keep track of handwritten notes.
See program Ihtings on page 186. W
HOW MUCH LONGER WILL YOU LAST?
How long can you endure? When will it end?... We're not talking about a new shoot'em up game for the
Commodore 64. but Commodore's own disk operating system! Commodore made a great computer in the 64
but left its disk operating system out in the cold. If you've been waiting for a true disk operating system, here it
is!... If you've been waiting for a great BASIC language enhancement that will let you utilize the Commodore's
many special features, here it is! What is it? It's grafDOS. the great new utility from Xylex Software that
allows the user to actually become friendly with the Commodore 64! grafDOS includes commands like
DELETE. RENAIVIE, CATALOG, RUN, etc. The BASIC allows you to do high resolution and low resolution
graphics, sound, sprite program, plus much, much more for a total of 40 commands! Plus included in every
package is MINIMON. a powerful machine language monitor that includes another 20 commands for use in
machine language. The disk also comes with sample programs and demos including a great music generator!
And all this together is only S49.95! How could you have lasted this long without it?
DON'T WAIT ANY LONGER!
Make your programming easier! grafDOS is available now at your local dealer or:
INT€R€STING SOFTUJRR€
21101 S. Harvard Blvd.
Torrance, GA 90501
(213)328-9422
Visa/MC/Checl^/Money Order
Add $2.00 shipping
CA residents add 6y2% sales tax.
Dealer inquiries invited.
We'll back you up! m
ATTENTION COMMODORE 64 OWNERS
If you own a disk drive then you'll need "The
Clone Machine", Take control of your 1541 with this
package that includes: ^^
1.) Complete and thorough users manual ^^ ^^r
2.) Copy with one or two drives
3.) Investigate and back-up many
"PROTECTED" disks
4.) Copy all file types including relative types
5.) Edit and view track/block in Hex or ASCII
6.) Display full contents of directory and print
7.) Change program names, add, delete files
with single keystroke
8.) Easy disk initialization
9.) Supports up to four drives
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64
alhalt lh« price
$99."*
170K D[SK DRIVE $159.00 *
TRACTION FRICTION PRINTER $109.00*
COMPUTER AND SOFTWARE
SALE
WE
HAVE
THE
BEST
SERVICE
WE
HAVE
THE
LOWEST
PRICES
VIC-20
{a real computer at the price of a toy)
«69.
50
• 40-80 COLUMN BOARD $69.00
• 32K RAM EXPANDER $95.00
» COMMODORE BA COMPUTER S99.50
You pay only S199.50 v^fion you oftler tne power-
IljI 84K COMMODORE 64 COMPUTER! LESS tMe
value ol Ihie SPECIAL SOFTWARE COUPON we
pack with your compulef inat allows you lo
SAVE OVER $100 0(1 software sale prices!! Willi
only $100 of savings applied, your net computer
cost IS S99. 50! I
SOFTWARE BONUS PACK S29.9S
When you buy ihe Commodore 64 Computer
from Pfotecto Entcrpriies you qualify lo dm-
Chase ONE SOFTWARE BONUS PACK fot a
special pdce o( $29.95!' Normal price is S49 95
(40 programs on disk o( 24 pfogiams on 5 tapes)
*170KDISKDRIVES159.00
You pay only S259.00 wnen you order the i/QK
Disk Drive! LESS Itie value of the SPECIAL
SOFTWARE COUPOrj we pack with your disk
drive thai allows you lo SAVE OVER S100 o((
software sale pncos!! Wi(h only $100 of savings
applied, your net disk drive CQSI isS'59 00
* TRACTION FRICTION PRINTER S109.00
You pay only $209 00 when you order Ihe Com.
star T'F deluxe line primer Ihal prints 3 V2 i tl
lull size, single sheet, roll or fan lold paper,
labels elc. 40, 66, SO, 132 columns ImpacI dot
matrix, bi-direclional, 80 CPS, LESS Ihe value o(
Ihe SPECIAL SOFTWARE COUPON we pack
with your pnnler thai allows you to SAVE OVER
$tO0 off software sale prices!! With only $t00 ol
savings applied your nel pnnler cost is only
$109,00,
80 COLUMN BOARD S119.00
f^ow you program BO COLUfvlNS en the scieen
at one lime! Converts your Commodore 64 lo 80
COLUMNS when you plug in the SO COLUMN
EXPAI^SION BOARD!' List $199 SALE $119
PLUS— you also can gel an 80 COLUMN BOARD
WORD PROCESSOR with mail merge, terminal
omulalor. ELECTRONIC SPREAD SHEET Lis!
$49,00 SALE 119,95 if purcfiased with SO
COLUMN BOARD!' (Tape or Disk)
80 COLUMNS IN COLOR
EXECUTIVE WORD PROCESSOR S69.00
This EXECUTIVE WORD PROCESSOR is ine
finest available (or Ihe COMMODORE 64 com,
puter! The ULTIMATE lor PROFESSIONAL Word-
processing application! DISPLAYS 40 OR 80
COLUMNS IN COLOR or Black and White! Sim-
ple to operate, powerlul texl ediling with a 250
WORD DICTIONARY, complete cursor and in-
sert^delele key conlrofs fine and paragraph inser-
tion, automatic deletion, centering, margin sel
lings and output (o all printers' Includes a
powerful mail merge List $99,00 SALE $69,00,
20,000 WORD DICTIONARY - List $24 95 SALE
$19.95. EXECUTIVE DATA BASE Lisl $B9,00
SALE $59.00. (Disk onlvi
SPECIAL SOFTWARE COUPON
We pack a SPECIAL SOFTWARE COUPON |
with every COMMODORE
64 COMPUTER-H
DISK DRIVE-PRINTER-MONITOR we self! ■
This coupon allov^s you
lo SAVE
OVEflH
$100 OFF SALE
PRICES
S200-S300 sav-H
Ingsare possihie!
(example)
PROFESSIONAL SOFTWARE
COMMODORE 64
Nima
t.iti
Stia
Coupon
EKCCul.tf word
PToces&or
S99 00
169 00
159 00
Executive Ddi^BASc
189 IX)
J59O0
Ui(X
20.000 Word DiC[iO"drv
12A 95
1199S
11495
Eieclronit Sprt^adshpor
$89 00
159 00
116 00
ACCDgmiog Pacti
$69 00
1*9 00
132 (W
Totals;
Word Processor
Tao^
te^oo
IWOO
13? 00
Disk
t'9 9S
$63 00
IHOO
total Teii 2 6
word pfocevsof
T,a{)e
$4195
13900
1^00
Oisli
il9 0C
112 00
1J9 00
Total Label J 6
Tape
S3196
DBOO
$12 00
Disk
129 96
1?300
IIS 00
Programmers
HpipenOiskl
159 00
139 00
1?9 95
Basil: TulorlTape'D'SkI
t^^)9i
IJi 95
$15 00
lyoini) rcscner
(taBeOij*!
il'l'ii
«4 9S
11500
SorileOes.gneriD.ikj
U!.9i
in 95
11000
MeaicinemeniTaoei
119 95
117 95
naoo
yveainerWarlnrapci
119 «
11795
iiioo
Professional Joy SliCk
«19i
11595
moo
LigriiPen
S3g9i
119 95
i>t,n
DuSI Cover
$ 395
S 6 95
i 160
iSpe nrri^^f
rems 'n aur
carj,'oa''
Write or call lor
Sample SPECIAL SOFTWARE COUPON! ■
wm^^^a^^t^^^^^
^■^^1
^^■■m
I^H^HH
EXECUTIVE QUALITY
PROFESSIONAL BUSINESS SOFTWARE
Tlie Cadillac of business programs
lor Commodare 64 Computers
Itsm
|nv(?nKj'y Miinoyomcrtt
A cco^jntsR+^e^ livable
Accounti^ PA¥a[)^fi■
Payroll
GDniefai Letlg'.^'
('COUPON PFHCE149 OOf
Lilt
■SALE
199 00
159 00
$99 00
159 00
199 00
159 00
199 00
15900
19900
15900
VIC-20 COMPUTER S69.S0
Tnis 25K VIC-?0 t:omDuter includes a lull si;e 66
key typewriler «<oyt3oard color and graprtics keys,
upperiiower case, lull screen editor. t5K level II
microsoft basic, sound and music, real time
floating poinl decimal, self leaching book, con-
necis to any TV, or monitor!
40-80 COLUMN BOARD $69.00
Now you can goi 40 OR 60 COLUMNS on your
TV or monitor al one time' Mo more funning
oul ol line space lor programming and mailing
coiumnsi Just plug m tnis Expansion Board and
you immediately convert your VIC-20 compuler
to 40 OR 80 COLUMNS!' List $129 SALE $69,00,
You can also get an BO COLUMN BOARD WORD
PROCESSOR with mail merge, lerminal omulal-
or, ELECTRONIC SPREAD SHEET!! List $49,00,
SALE lt9,9S il purchased wilhi SO COLUMN
BOARD' (Tape Of Di9i<),
32K RAM EXPANDER S9S.0O
This cartntige increases programming power
over i times! t Expands lolal memory to S7K
(67,000 bylesl Block swilches are on outside ol
cover' Has eipansion port!! Lists lor $199 (OUfl
BEST BUY!)
60K MEMORY EXPANDER $49.00
Siislot — Switch selectable — Reset bullon —
Ribbon cable — CARDCO A must lo gal Hie
mosi out ot your VIC 20 Computet'
6K RAM CARTRIDGE $39.00
Increases programming power 2 M2 Hmes Ex-
pands total memory lo 33K 133.000 bytes).
Memory tjloci^ switches are on outside o! cover!
Includes FREE $16 95 game.
16K RAM CARTRIDGE $55.00
Increases programming power 4 times Expands
total memory to 4tK (41,000 bytes). Memory
Diock switches are an outside cover! CAROCO
Includes FREE $29 95 adventure game! <
12- GREEN SCREEN MONITOR S99.0O
Eiceiieni quaiiiy GREEN PHOSPHOROUS
VIDEO MONITOR with antiglaie, 1920 characters
(80 ctiaraclers « 24 rov*s). Save your TV! a must
tor ao column word processors PLUS $9,35 tor
VIC 20 or Commodore 64 Cable
12' AMBER SCREEN MONITOR S119.0O
Premium quality AMBER VIDEO MONITOR With
antiglare, (60 characters x 24 rows}, exceptional-
ly deal scieen, lasler scanning, PLUS $9 95 lor
VIC 20 or Commodore 64 Cable
■ LOWEST PRICES
• BEST SERVICE IN U.S.A.
15 DAY FREE TRIAL • 90 DAY FREE REPLACEMENT WARRANTY
• ONE DAY EXPRESS MAIL • OVER 500 PROGRAMS • FREE CATALOGS
I Add $10,00 for shipping, handling and insurance. Illtnots residenis
please add 6% tax. Add $20,00 tor CANADA, PUERTO RICO, HAWAII
jorders.WE DO I^OT EXPORT TO OTHER COUNTRIES
I Enclose Cashiers Check, Money Order or Personal Check, Allow 14 days
I for delivery, 2 to 7 days for phone orders, 1 day express mail! Canada
[ orders must bo In U,S,dollBrB. visa — IVIASTEHCARD - COD
CMTpp^pf^|2ES iVVELOVEOUHCUSIOMEHSl
BOX 550, BARRINGTON, ILLINOIS 60010
Phone 312/3825244 to order
FANTASTIC
PRINTER
SALE
as
low
as
$
149
00
• 15 Day Free Trial - WO Day Immediate Replacement Warranty
80 COLUMN THERMAL PRINTER — 60 CPS
Bi-directional, dot matrix, prints eVj" letter size paper, fuil 80 columns, high
resolution graphics, dot bit addressable, special symbols and true decendersl
{Centronics parallel interface)
80 COLUMN TRACTOR-FRICTION PRINTER — 80 CPS
Bi-directional, dot matrix, impact, prints single sheets, continuous feed paper,
adjustable columns, 40 to 132 characters! Roll paper adapter S32.95, (Serial or
Centronics parallel interface)
PREMIUM QUALITY 10" CARRIAGE T/F PRINTER — 120 CPS
Bi-directional, impact. 9 x 9 dot matrix with double strike for 18 x 18 dot matrix.
High resolution bit image {120 x 144 dot matrix) underlining back spacing, left and
right margin settings, true lower decenders, with super and sub scripts. Prints
standard, italic, block graphics, special characters, plus 24 of user definable
characters and much morel! Prints single sheets, continuous feed and roll paper!
(Centronics parallel interface)
PREMIUM QUALITY 15'/i" CARRIAGE PRINTER — 120 CPS
Has all the features of the Premium Quality 10" Carnage T/F Printer above plus a
15V3" carriage and more powerful electronic components to handle large business
forms! {Centronics parallel interface)
HIGH SPEED PREMIUM QUALITY T/F
10" PRINTER — 180 CPS
Save printing time with these plus features: 160 CPS speed, 100% duty cycle, 8K
buffer diverse character fonts special symbols and true decenders, vertical and
horizontal tabs. This is Red Hot Efficiency!!! {Serial or Centronics parallel interface)
HIGH SPEED PREMIUM QUALITY
T/F 15%" PRINTER — 160 CPS
Has all the features of the 10" Carriage high speed printer plus a 15%" carriage and
more powerful electronics to handle larger business forms! (Serial or Centronics
parallel interface)
PARALLEL PRINTER INTERFACES: (IN STOCK)
• For VIC-20 and COMIylODORE 64 $49.00
• For all APPLE COMPUTERS SeS^GO
• For ATARI 400 and 800 COfvlPUTERS S79.00
l>JOTE: Other printer interfaces are available at computer stores!
WE DO NOT EXPORT TO OTHER COUNTRIES EXCEPT
CANADA
Enclose Cashiers Checl<, Money Order or Personal Check Allow
14 days (or delivery, 2 to 7 days lor phone orders, i day express
mail' Candda orders must tje ifi US dollars. We accept Visa
and MasterCard We ship COD
LIST
$199
$399
$499
SALE
$149
$209
$289
S599
$699
$799
$379
$499
$599
SALE
SALE
ENTERPRIZES '^tLovtojucusioMERsi
BOX 550, BARRINGTON, ILLINOIS 60010
Phone 312^382-5244 to order
Alpha-Shoot
Neil T. Capaldi
The author wrote this educational game for
the un expanded VIC-20; we've added a version
for the Commodore 64. It works with either
keyboard controls or a joystick.
"Alphii-ShtKJl" is a game I wrote for my st)n to
help liim lenrn and recogni/e the letters ot the
alphabet.
The object of the game is to line up the heart-
shaped character at the bottom of the screen with
the letter displayed above. The heart can be moved
left or right with the C and B keys or with the
joystick. (With the Commodore 64 version, plug
the joystick into port 2.)
Pressing the space bar or joystick fire button
shoots an arrow up the screen. As each letter is
hit, it explodes and is placed in alphabetic order
at the bottom of the screen. When all the letters in
the alphabet have been "captured" this way, the
game redisplays the alphabet to the familiar chil-
dren's tune of "Twinkle Twinkle Little Star."
Four Games In One
Alpha-Shoot has four possible variations. When
you first run the program, it asks you to choose
from these four options:
1. The letters of the alphabet are displayed
randomly.
2. Letters are displayed in alphabetic order,
A-Z.
3. The letter to be displayed can be selected
from the keyboard,
4. Letters are displayed randomly and move
across the screen.
Parents should select the variation they want
and have the child name each letter as it appears
on the screen. Also, children can learn alphabetic
order by singing along as it i.s played.
n8 COMPUTEI's Gazette Janunry 198<1
Tiikin^ aim at a Q in the VIC version of "Alpha-Shoot.
"Alpha-Shoot," 64 version.
See program listings on page 199.iW
THE MICRO COMPUTER RUSINESS
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micro computer business is predicted to grow from its present S10 billion to S100 bilUon before 19901 Imagine the
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THE COMPUTER ENTREPRENEUR MANUAL Maj, the Answers to all your questiona aboul
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T.rinsfi ntft r.orne of ^^u 100-plus buainesaes covorpe] im PART ONE n*. iho r^^niMil Aifh ]n.p
lacls on How to ilarl nnd run. Start-up Coat ( Even how lo opMf.iio on a shoestring K VVh,it profits
I to expect. Wholesale prices, Mark-ups. Suppliers Jurure outlook, case histories 'or each, etc;
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highly profitable Seminars and Training Business . and many morel
Wfjny new ideas ind ground floor opportunities! Interviews and success stories on companies of all sixes! Privy Into on the profits made: How soma
computer store ope'i-ilors net St 00 - S250.000I U^tie known r-utfitslhc'it mfido lloir owrif^rs millionaires, one oT ihesc iow-kf!y compinmes. niakmg simpN.' boaTdEi.
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Whal(*vc?r your goal 'S Silicon Valley Tycoon, of \usl a buainess at home - wi^ guarantee you ii find a business lo suit you * ot your money backl
PART TWO 0' Th<> manual is loaded with !ho know-how and "Btreetflghtlng" savvy you naod. halh n^ a rtovics or tiu5ines& veteran, lo of?i st^j^tMcj lo s!ay
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Don't miss this opportunity to bp p^n ql this groat industry - the next success story ecu a tie your own! Order the manual today! Pnrt one and two
bound 1!^ a deluxe ring binder. whr^(> you can atso coMecl our newsletter ( tree (or siir months with the manual - a S32.S0 value! J - all for only S29-95!
Order by phone (Credit cards only), or use the coupon:
THE COMPUTER ENTBEPflENEUR NEWSLEHEB -
ALL THE LATEST INStDE BUSINESS NEWS!
NOWl SIX MONTHS FREE WITH YOUR MANUAL!
Vnij'r<? always aMunad In Uii' i'K]u*.!fy .ind your
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I [Jon I miss ^fg s pfomcji liln? rec'jnlly. wMc^ fop vicjeo rnoni
lor ^qid al SfiO - t^at^ halt Mrhoii>S''^li? one third of the fetai!
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itiliii,
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THE COMPUTER ENTREPRENEUR PUBLISHING CO
PO BOX 456, Grand Central Station, New Yorh, N.V. t[>t£3
PliM.M? Mine /fi(! THE COMPUTER ENTREPRENEUR
MANUAL, anc! ffio six montti free subscription to
THE COMPUTER ENTREPRENEUR REPORT/NEWSLETTER
All for ooly S29.95. ;l:lJ^ S3 fo' DOSlaps/rianaiinq ( NY reii-
denlsf anc^ ?-■' f^'-J fi",- ■wi-tr^ Ti¥ ] it i decido not to koop itio
^-i,rij,i> f ''Mv return if within 30 days tof a full refund.
NAME;
ADDRESS:
CITY. STATE. ZIP: —
Q Checi( Of M.O. enclosed
CARD If
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Chsrge to n VISA Q MC
SIGNATURE;
GAie*
■ 1984, THE COMPUTER ENTREPRENEUR
REVIEWS
Children's
Educational Games
Tony Roberts, Assistant Managing Editor
The goal of Boston Educational
Computing is to provide owners
oi the most elementary computer
systems with educational soft-
ware that can be used easily by
those with little knowledge of
computing.
In its Child Development
Series, BECi (pronounced Becky)
meets this goal. Among the soft-
ware in the series are a counting
program and an alphabet pro-
gram aimed at preschool children
and an addition-subtraction pro-
gram targeted for the slightly
older child.
All of the programs are on
tape and are designed to work
on an unexpanded VlC-20, but
they perform just as well with a
memory expander. NUMER-
BECi and ADD/SUB arc also
available for the Commodore 64
and Atari computers.
Introducing The
Alphabet
ALPHA-BECi is intended to help
preschool children learn the let-
ters of the alphabet, both upper-
and lowercase, associate each
letter with a word beginning
with that letter, and see how
each letter relates to the others
in the alphabet.
For each letter, the program
provides a screen which includes
120 COMPUm's Gazelle January 1984
the capital letter, the small letter,
and a picture of an object. The
screen is slowly drawn, giving a
child the opportunity to call out
the name of the letter or object
as soon as he recognizes it.
First, the capital letter is
drawn, then the associated small
letter, then the object with its
name below. The entire alphabet
is then printed at the bottom of
the screen with the target letter
highlighted.
ALPHA-BECi can be run in
one of three ways. From a menu
you decide whether to run the
program sequentially, randomly,
or under keyboard control. That
is, the program will either step
through the alphabet from A to
Z, will display random letters,
or will show screens for the let-
ters selected by the user. The
mode can be changed at any
time by pressing RUN/STOP,
then rerunning the program.
For a child, watching the
colorful objects appear on screen
is like opening a present. The
program's only sound effect is a
boop-boop-boop that comes as
the letters of the alphabet are
being printed along the bottom
of the screen. For an adult, it
may become a little annoying,
but it seems to be music to a
child's ears.
ALPHA-BECi uses simple graphics to
teach letters of the alphabet.
Shapes And Colors
NilMER-BECi teaches the pre-
schooler to identify the numbers
from 1 to 12, to identify shapes,
and to identify colors. And it is
set up so the youngster can learn
these new ideas at his own pace.
The menu offers the fol-
lowing options:
1. COUNT LIKE THINGS
2. COUNT UNLIKE THINGS
3. COUNT COLORS
4. COUNT SHAPES
5. COUNT COLORS AND
SHAPES
A second menu allows you to
select a time limit for the an-
swers. Your options here are to
let the program run itself, filling
in the answers after a specific
time delay; have it wait until the
child fills in an answer; or have
it set a time limit.
When running the program
with a time limit set, a correct
answer will shorten the time
allowed for the next problem.
As long as the child continues
providing correct answers, the
time limit is shortened until he
misses, Then the time limit is
Write For FREE Cataloa
CaM your order in and
get a FREE program
Call your ordar in and
get a FREE program
(602) 855-3357
NEW
VIC SOFTWARE CBM 64
Write For FREE Cataloa
(602) 855-3357
CRICKET
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will turn
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VIC or 64
into a
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arcade.
We have
more
gatnes
and
prosrams
than
you can
shake a
joi/stick at!
PROGRAMMERS
CONTEST
Send Us
Your
Best
VIC or 64
Program
Winners will
receive royalties
plus $1,000
in prizes.
MUSIC MAKER
64
SHOGUN 64-Vic^
ZB
64
ARCADE PAK
STOMPERS - 64
CHRISTMAS
SPECIALS
Buy 2
Prosrams and
Get 1 Free!
For every 2
VIC or 64
programs you
buy, we will
send you a
coupon for a
third program free!
BUG BLAST
SUPER PAK - 64
ComputerMat • Box 1664 M • Lake Havasu City, AZ 86403 '**'•' S'fo ''<"■ Shipping
TARGET
COMMAND
COSMIC
CRUZER
SPACE PAK
(*-^
,4" J
-- -#'1
HEAD ON
REVIEWS
mmmmm
%■*'
F'r^lCi:
NUMER-BECi teaches youngsters to The top arrow in ADD/SUB reminds
recognize and count various colored youngsters xvhen to carry or borrow,
shapes.
incremented slightly. This fea-
ture challenges a child to increase
the speed at which he inputs his
answers.
When the program is run in
the wait-for-answer mode, the
child is simply asked to count
the number of shapes printed on
the screen. If the answer is cor-
rect, he moves on to the next
problem. If the answer is wrong,
the word WHOOPS! is printed
in red and the correct answer is
displayed.
Under the Count Colors op-
tion, the program prints shapes
of different colors on the screen
and the child is shown a color
block and asked to count the
number of shapes that match
the cokir block. Count Shapes is
a similar exercise with sliapes.
Shapes and colors are mixed in
the final exercise. The child must
count the number of black
squares, or red triangles, for
example.
The child's answer to each
problem is printed in large block
letters. It takes a second or two
to appear for the answer to be
printed on the screen after it has
122 COMPUTEI's Gazette January 1984
been typed in, and this can be a
bit disconcerting if you're used
to seeing what you type appear
on the screen instantly.
Putting 2 And 2
Together
ADD/SUB is BECi's program for
older children. The program,
which is available for the Com-
modore 64 as well as the VlC-20,
offers choices of addition or sub-
traction, one to four digits, and
decimal or whole numbers. In
addition, the user can decide
whether to include problems
that require carrying or bor-
rowing. For those just learning
about carrying and borrowing,
there is an option that provides
a hint in the form of a large-arrow
pointing to the column from
which a borrow has been made
or to which a carry must go.
With ADD/ SUB you also can
select a pace for solving the prob-
lems. The standard pace gives
the child about seven seconds to
answer. When the time is up,
the computer will fill in the an-
swer. If the wait-for-answer op-
tion is selected, the computer
will wait until the numbers are
filled in. The set pace option can
be used to speed up or slow
down the pace to meet a child's
needs.
In ADD/ SUB the problems
are displayed in large black num-
bers with a green plus or minus
sign. In multidigit problems, an
arrow points to the first digits to
be added or subtracted. The
answers are filled in from right-
to-left, just as they would be
done on paper.
Using The Programs
The programs are, as advertised,
easy to use. Simply load them
from tape and type RUN. Op-
tions for play are presented in
simple menus. To change the
mode of play, press the STOP
key, type RUN, and select a new
option.
Loading the programs takes
a few minutes; a preschooler
with a short attention span might
spend less time using the pro-
gram than it takes to load.
The programs are low key.
No scores are kept, and the re-
wards for correct answers are
understated. The adjustable
nature of the programs and the
pacing options, however, pro-
vide these programs with an
extended life. They are enter-
taining to a child just beginning
to grasp the concepts covered,
and they can challenge the more
advanced child to solve the prob-
lems more quickly.
ALI'HA-BECi
NUMER-BECi
ADD/SUB
Boston Educational Computing Inc.
78 Dartmouth Street
Boston. MA OnU
(617)536-5116
$16.95 each •
COMPUTE! 's Gazette Back Issues
JULY 1983: Commodore 64 Video Update,
Snake Escape, Alfabug, VIC Marquee,
Word Hunt, VIC Timepiece, product re-
views. Learning To Program In BASIC,
Quickfind, 64 Paddle Reader, Machine Lan-
guage For Beginners, Enlivening Programs
With Sound, Using Joysticks On The 64,
Simple Answers To Common Questions,
VICreations — Speedy Variables, 64
Explorer.
AUGUST 1983: Your First Hour With A
Computer, Should You Join A Users Group,
Guide To Commodore Users Groups, The
Viper, Cyion Zap, product reviews, VIC/64
Mailing List, Word Spell, Global Scan For
VIC/64, Machine Language For Beginners,
VIC Title Screens, 64 Hi-Res Graphics Made
Easy, VIC/64 Four-Speed Brake, Disk Menu,
Using A 1540 Disk Drive With The 64,
Playing Computer Music, Simple Answers
To Common Questions, HOTWARE, VIC-
reations — Caring For Disk Drives/Cassettes,
64 Explorer, News & Products.
SEPTEMBER 1983: Telecomputing Today,
Telecomputing Glossary, Commodore's
Nationwide Party Line, Commodore
Bulletin Boards, Demon Star For VlC/64,
Potholes, product reviews. Checkbook Re-
porter, States & Capitals Tutor For VIC/ 64,
MiniTerm-20, TeleTerm 64, POKEing
Graphics, Machine Language For Beginners,
64 Searcher, Better Commodore Input,
Using The Function Keys, Simple Answers
To Common Questions, HOTWARE,
VICreations — Understanding Random
Numbers.
OCTOBER 1983: The Anatomy of Com-
puters, Telegaming Today And Tomorrow,
Commodore's Public Domain Programs,
Oil Tycoon, Re-Beep, product reviews,
Aardvark Attack, Word Match, A SHlFTy
Solution: The WAIT Command, Program
Transfers, Machine Language For Beginners,
Improved Paddle Render Routine, How To
Use Tape And Disk Files, Understanding 64'
Sound — Part 1, Speeding Up The VIC,
Simple Answers To Common Questions,
HOTWARE, Horizons 64 — Improving 64
Video Quality, VICreations — Using The
VIC'S Clock, News & Products.
NOVEMBER 1983: Binary Numbers — Part
1, Getting Started With A Disk Drive —
Part 1, Chicken Little, Martian Prisoner,
product reviews, Munchmath, VIC Super
Expander Graphics, 64 Aardvark Attack, 64
Timepiece, Connect The Dots, Custom
Characters For VIC/64, Making Custom
Characters On The 64, Making Custom
Characters On The VIC, VlC/64 Program
Lifesaver, Understanding 64 Sound — Part
2, Merging Programs On The 64, Tutorial
On DATA, READ, RESTORE Statements,
One-Touch Commands For The 64, VIC/64
Disk Defaulter, Machine Language For
Beginners, Simple Answers To Common
Questions, HOTWARE, VICreations —
Animation With Custom Characters, Hori-
zons 64 — Software And Hardware Reviews,
News & Products, Automatic Proofreader.
Back issues of July, August, and September 1983 are $2.50 each. Issues from October forward
are $3. Bulk rates are 6 issues for $15 or 12 issues for $30. All prices include freight in the
U.S. Outside the U.S. add $1 per magazine order for surface postage. $4 per magazine for air
mail postage. ALL BACK ISSUES ARE SUBJECT TO AVAILABILITY.
In the Continental U.S. call
TOLL FREE 800-334-0868
(in North Carolina call 919-275-9809)
Or write to: COMPUTES's Gazette for Commodore Back Issues
P.O. Box 5406
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Prepayment required in U.S. funds. MasterCard, VISA, and American Express accepted.
North Carolina residents please add 4% sales tax.
COMPUm'isGaxelli Jomjuryl984 ^23
REVIEWS
Computer Baseball And
Ringside Seat
For Commodore 64
Gregg Keizer, Assistant Book Editor
Ever wanted to manage your
own major league team? Most
people who follow baseball
closely just knoio that they could
take their team to the World
Series, if only f/it'i/ were manager.
Computer Baseball can give you
the feeling of the close game, a
pennant race, even the final
game of the Series. And it costs
far less than buying the Min-
nesota Twins, the latest team up
for sale. You won't even have to
pay players' salaries.
This isn't an arcade baseball
game like others you may have
played. Although players move
and hits cross the field, the ani-
mation is minimal. Computer
Baseball is a simulation of the
strategy and tactics of a major
league team. Using actual statis-
tics, opposing managers can
select lineups, choose starting
and relief pitchers, set up de-
fense for the bunt or double
play, and signal runners to
steal. When you put on the man-
ager's cap, you make the deci-
sions for your team, hoping to
oui^vit the opposing manager's
strategy.
The game includes 28 team
rosters, World Series teams all,
which you can use to play
another opponent, or even the
computer manager, Casey. You
can even enter data for new
teams yourself, or send for a
disk containing the most recent
124 COMPUTEI's Gazette January 198-1
American and National League
teams, so you can replay an en-
tire season if you want.
How To Play
After you've booted the disk for
Computer Bascbiill, you'll be of-
fered several choices. Do you'
want to play a two- player game,
play against the computer, enter
new player data, or watch a
demonstration game? Playing
against Casey, the computer
manager, is a good way to learn
the game. Choosing this option
presents more decisions. Do you
want Casey to manage the home
team, the visiting team, urboth?
1 let Casey iiave the visiting team.
But which team?
You'll see 28 teams listed on
the screen, ranging from the '06
White Sox to the '81 Dodgers,
All 28 played in a World Series,
so you can replay a complete
seven-game Series, or you can
play a What If. What if the '27
Yankees, with Babe Ruth, couki
have met the '81 Yankees? Who
was the better team? Has baseball
gotten better, or worse? Once
you select Casey's team, as well
as your own, the computer will
display the team lineups.
Now the decisions become
more important. You can choose
the starting pitcher(s) and set
the batting order for your team.
If you want, you can set the order
for Casey's team loo, but 1 let
him do that. Although setting
your batting order takes time, it
adds to the game's realism. You
have to fill each of the fielding
positions, and you only have so
many players. You could force a
catcher to play outfield, but it's
probably not a good idea. As
you enter the order, take your
time, ftirany errors yuu make
means ytiu'll have to go through
it all again. Unfortunately,
there's no option to change your
mind in this section of the game.
The screen display appears
once you've chosen your team
and selected the batting order.
The display shows a playing
field, players, a scoreboard, and
pitcher and batter status informa-
tion. Once the game starts, you'll
be able to tell if the batter is right-
ur left-handed, where the de-
fense is playing, and the base-
running abilities of men on base.
Whether your team is on
the field or up to bat, you have
several decisions to make. I took
the field first, being the home
team, so I had to choose my de-
fensive alignment. You can play
your outfielders shallow, or in
their normal positions. Your
infieiders you can place even
more carefully, moving them in,
guarding the lines or setting up
for the double play. You can
hold base runners, if there are
any, tight or loosely, depending
on the situation. You can even
visit the mound and talk to your
pitcher, check to see if he's tired,
and perhaps bring in a reliever.
Make sure that your reliever is
warmed up, though, or he could
easily be hit off of.
When your team is up to
bat, you have fewer choices to
make. You can hit away, hit and
COMPUTER MAIL ORDER
ft commodore
UIO20 ^
^ COMMODORE 64.
Si9
' Color Printer/Plotter
80 Column Printer ..
' Datasette , . .
Single Disk Drive....
' VIC Modem
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AD/AA Modem
14 Color Monitor. . .
Joysticks (eacti)
Paddles
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VIC 16K
RS-232 Interface ....
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C.ltoh Prowriter 851 OP S379.00
C.ltoh Gorilla S209.00
CARIDCa.
Light Pen S32.00
Cassette Interface 529.00
Parallel Printer Interface S69.00
3 Slot VIC Expansion Interface S32.00
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QDmmDctors
COM 04 RolDrcnCvOutdB ...SI 8. 00
C e4 DISKS
EasyCile. SB5.0O
FaorFinancD I. ir III. IV SI 9. 00
EnsyMfiil S19.00
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Word.' Name Machane ...SI 9. DO
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Count Advenluie (R| SH.OO
Pinbflll SpeclJiCkJtar |n) S19.0O
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VIC so CASSETTES
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We c
BOFT\A/ARE
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C-04 CASSETTES
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EPYX
VIC 20 CASSETTES
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QUICK BROtA/N FOX
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UMI
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VIC 20 CASSETTES
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HES
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Tank Wsri , 514 95
Pak Bomtier SI 2 95
Male o( Mikoi... SI 4 95
Lasar Blitz SI 4.95
Tank Trap SI 4.95
VIC 20 CARTRIDGES
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HES Won S29 00
HES Writer SJS.OO
Aggressor .S2g.00
Synthesound 521 .00
Shatnus.. ... , 529.00
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C 64 CARTMIOOES
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HES Wfriler 535 00
NUFEKOP
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Alien Panic $10 00
Race Fun-Drag Race ....,.,,. S 1 ti 00
The Calup S10 00
EAIerminalor $19.0O
C'ft4 CASSETTE
3,0 Mao S16.0O
POMOX
T/po (20/64) S29.0O
RAINBOW
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Personal Finance S43.00
Writers Assistant S99.00
Spreadstieul Assistanl S95.00
QUAlMTUrVI
40/aOCuluii>nVidirufluard S95.00
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Spider Citf E29 00
MICROSPEC
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Grades 2. 3. 4. 5. or 6 S8 00
Math Drill ,-.„,, S8 00
Portfolio Manager SI 6.00
Data Manager S16.00
VIC 20 DISKS
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Mailing List Manager .S3S.00
Inventory Package S69.00
Payroll S(>9.(J0
Data Base ,. .549.00
C-B4 CASSETTES
Black Qon 512. BU
Color Sketch S20.00
Match Maker 515 00
C'64 DISKS
Mailin9 Li&t Manager 545 00
Inventory Package 579.00
General Ledger S79 00
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Data Base S69 00
CalcResul! SU9 00
Black Bo< StO I30
Color Sketch S22 00
Match Maker .520 00
TROIMIX
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REVIEWS
run, bunt, steal, or signal your
runners to edge oft' the bng a bit
nicire. If you vvant, you can send
in a pinch runner or iiiltcr.
Each pitcher-batter confron-
tation is displayed on the screen
by a single pitch. There are no
balls and strikes called, although
batters can be struck out. A mes-
sage appears at the bottom of
the screen after each pitch, telling
you what's happened. Pop flies,
grounders, and base hits are
shown to you this way. Runners
advance, are thrtiwii out, or score.
Although only nine innings are
displayed on the screen, extra
innings are possible.
Managing It All
Conipiifcr Btisdnil! is not for the
impatient. It's not a fast-moving,
arcade-style game, but it's not
meant to be. Instead, the game
is for those who love baseball,
who have always wanted to step
into a manager's cleats. As a
simulation, it gives you the
feeling of managing a team. Just
as in reality, once the basic deci-
sions are made, the players run,
hit, and throw in their own ways.
A major league manager cannot
hit for a player, and neither can
you in this game. The statistics
of each player determine that.
Some games are pitchers'
battles, with low scores. Other
games display hitters' powers,
and the scores run up quickly.
No two games are the same.
Again, that reflects the simula-
tion's excellence. As the innings
pass, your decisions on pitching
and running change, just as in a
real game. Strategy is vital. Out-
guessing the opposing manager
is just as important.
If you enjcjy baseball, you'll
126 COMFUTEfs Gatatle January 1984
enjov this game. The computer
takes all the routine drudgery
out of keeping track of statistics
and lets you concentrate un
decision-making. You'll think
you've paced and worried in the
dugout just like a major league
manager.
Ringside Seat
In many ways like Comptih'r
Baseball, Riu;^sidL' Seat is a game
of strategy and statistics. But
instead of managing a major
league baseball team, you play
the part of a boxer's manager.
You're not the fighter, but his
manager, telling him how to
fight when he's in the corner
between rounds. Once the bell
rings, he boxes in his own way,
simply following your strategic
suggestions.
When the game is loaded
from disk, you have the option
of managing either, both, or
neither of the fighters. If you
want, you can also act as the
third judge in the fight, or lot the
computer handle it. Then you
select the two boxers.
The game includes a variety
of boxers available to you. Di-
vided into weight classifications,
from bantamweight to heavy-
weight, you simply enter the
fighters' names and weight divi-
sions. To see a complete list of
the fighters on the game disk,
you should press E the first time
the computer asks you to enter a
choice. After a short delay, you
should press L to see the fighter
lists, and then the weight classi-
fication. The screen will then
show the fighter's identification
number, his name, rating, style
(slugger or boxer), and his
weight division. The lists contain
FiLU in Jivf II g R'
^
1 nnfiT
The Yankees ami Di«l;ft'rfi face off in a
demo game t)f Computer Baseball.
STSMIK* SEWIKIH5
a-H.HH«!™«!««
cwscv 18 T«y
vlhrrfisi'
The famous Dempseif-Tiifuieij heavi/-
li'eighl title fight is reeiiacted with
Ringside Sc'cit,
COMPUTE rs
Gazette
TOLL FREE
Subscription
Order Line
800-334-0868
In NC 919-275-9809
REVIEWS
current fighters, as well as fa-
mous boxers from the past. If
you wanted to see how Tunney
would have matched up against
Foster, for example, you can
create this What If scenario.
Once you've chosen the
fighters and started the garne,
you'll see a display on the screen.
The boxing ring is shown, as
well as representations of the
fighters, each still in his corner.
Other information, such as the
fighters' names, the strategy
picked by each manager, condi-
tion of the fighter, from cuts to
stamina remaining, and even
the cumulative judges' score will
be displayed. At the top of the
screen you'll see descriptions of
the fighters' movements during
a round. Near the bottom of the
screen you'll see messages dis-
played for the color commentary
and blow-by-blow descriptions
of the fight.
As in a real fight, you decide
how you want your fighter to
box that round. The options
range from fighting flatfooted,
which lets him rest in a round,
saving his strength, to going for
the knockout. Your fighter's
abilities in each of the strategies
are listed at the bottom of the
screen before the round starts.
Some fighters are better at
charging in, while others are
more effective in the stick and
move. Choosing your fighter's
style for that round is the most
important part of managing.
You have to use your fighter
wisely, not overworking him,
for each strategy reduces the
boxer's stamina level. A more
aggressive style, such as charg-
ing in, or sticking and moving,
uses up more stamina than a
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Available at fine computer stores everywhere, or by ordeilng tliiect.
COMPUTEI's Cazells Jonuaryl984 127
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defensive posture, like staying
away or protecting a cut.
Once the round begins, ttve
fighter is on his own. You'll see
a blow-by-blow description of
the fight at the bottom of the
screen, as well as see the ani-
mated figures move in the ring.
The only thing you can do once
the bell rings is to tell your fighter
to cover up. This is helpful if he
is getting badly beaten, or if he
has a cut opened. Fighters jab,
hook, and punch as their statis-
tics allow. Sometimes they'll
tie each other up, or back an
opponent against the ropes. All
you can do is chew at your
fingernails, in the true manager
tradition.
After each round, the
judges' scores are displayed at
the top of the screen, showing
how each judge awarded points.
Each fighter's stamina is changed
to reflect how tired he is, and
you can choose a different strat-
egy for the next round. The fight
continues as many rounds as
you selected earlier, from a three-
round preliminary bout, to a
fifteen-round title fight. When
the fight ends, the judges will
tabulate their scores and an-
nounce a winner, unless a knock-
out or technical knockout has
been called earlier in the fight.
Whatever the decision, you can
see the judges' scorecards after
the fight, seeing how each
awarded points and how many
knockdowns each fighter had.
As with Computer Baseball,
you have the option in Riugiiide
Seat to enter new data for other
fighters, or even to create a fic-
tional boxer, giving him abilities
of your own choice.
128 COMPUTEI's Gazette Jofiuory 1 984
REVIEWS
Fighting It Out
This game is much faster moving
than Computer Baseball. In a way,
that's a disadvantage, for it
moves quicker because there are
fewer decisions for you to make.
I didn't feel as involved in this
game as in the baseball simula-
tion for that reason.
The game still gives you the
flavor of managing a fighter,
and of a bout itself. Pacing is
important in the game, for if you
expend too much energy early
in the fight by constantly
choosing to go for the knockout,
or to charge in, your fighter will
be weak before the fight ends.
As the fighter's stamina falls, so
does his effectiveness in many
of the strategies. When his effec-
tiveness falls below 2, his
punches come with less fre-
quency, and land less often.
As in Computer Baseball, the
animation in Ringside Seat is not
up to arcade standards. The
sound is weak as well. But these
detract little from the game's
attractions. No arcade-style box-
ing game gives you the strategic
choices and actual fighters that
Ringside Scat does. Learning how
to direct a fighter takes time and
practice. This game lets you ex-
perience the thrills and agonies
of professional boxing, without
ever stepping into a gymnasium.
Maybe your fighter can be a
contender.
Computer Baseball
Ringside Seat
Strategic Simulations, Inc.
S83 Sticrlin Road, Building A-200
Mountain View, CA 94043
$39.95 eaeh m
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COMPUTEI'i Gazollti January 1984 i39
C. REGENA
THE BEGINNER'S CORNER
Built-in Functions
In my previous columns I've tried to show some
fun things ynu could do with your computer.
This month I'm going to discuss some built-in
functions so you can see that your computer can
perform technical tasks, and not just games, music,
and graphics. Your microcomputer can do many
things that the "mainframe" computers can.
The computer can be a very powerful tool in
mathematical calculations. A computer can go
beyond a calculator by putting procedures into a
program for repetitious work or for logic-dependent
answers. The slide rule generation was limited to
three significant figures, and problems may have
taken hours of work and pads of paper to solve.
The calculators streamlined problem-solving and
took the drudgery out of mathematics. Now the
microcomputers can solve problems with even
less time and effort — and to many decimal places
of accuracy. The VIC-20 and Commodore 64 dis-
play numbers with nine significant figures (ten
are stored internally).
The Tf key is handy in any calculations in-
volving pi (the ratio of the circumference to the
diameter of a circle), tt has a built-in value on the
VIC and 64 and is available directly from the
keyboard. Use SHIFT and the up-arrow key to get
the TT symbol. Try the command PRINT ir and
you will gel the decimal equivalent of pi. To use
TT in any calculations, just use the symbol. For
example, try PRINT 3* tt and press RETURN.
This short program, "Circles," illustrates the use
of this key:
Circles
100 PRINT
110 PRINT
"{CLRl ** CIRCLES **" :rem 162
"[down! ENTER THE RADIUS. [ DOWN} "
:reir 213
120 INPUT "R = ";R : rem 131
130 PRINT "{DOWN} AREA = " ;_[*R*R : rem 254
140 PRINT "{DOWN} CIRCUMFERENCE = ",-j;*2*R
:rem 129
150 PRINT "(3 DOWN) ANOTHER CIRCLE? (Y/N)
{SPACE}"; :rem 254
130 COMPUTEI'sCateHe Jonuafyl9a4
160 GET A$
170 IF A$="Y" THEN 100
180 IF A$<>"N" THEN 160
190 PRINT A$
200 END
srem 220
:rem 38
trem 95
;rem 140
;rem 105
The square root function is available on our
computers. SQR(X) will return the square root of
a number with the variable name of X. Try PRINT
SQR(16) to get the square root of 16, or 4. Some
valid statements are:
10 X=SQR(T) :rem 145
30 A=SQR{B)+3+Y J rem 76
70 Z=SQR(C*3+F) :rein 86
40 ON SQR(R) GOTO 80,100,150 : rem 186
"Radius" is a sample program that illustrates
the use of the square root function to calculate the
radius of a circle if the area is given (A= tt r").
Radius
100 PRINT
PRINT
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
[CLR)radIUS" trem 189
{DOWN} ENTER AREA OF CIRCLE."
:rem 128
INPUT "A = ";A
IF A>0 THEN 160 s
PRINT "{DOWN} SORRY, MUST BE >
J rem 97
rem 152
0."
rem 174
:rem 97
rem 220
:rem 12
GOTO 110
R=SQR(A/^)
PRINT "{down}radius = "rR
PRINT "{3 DOWNlANOTHER CIRCLE? (Y/N)
{SPACE}"; 5rern 1
GET A$ :rem 223
IF A$="Y" THEN 100 :rem 32
IF A5<>"N" THEN 190 : rem 92
PRINT A$ si^em 134
END :reffl 108
ABS(X) is a function that returns the absolute
value of a number X. The absolute value of a
number is the numeric value without regard for
the sign. The absolute value of a negative number
is the number without the minus sign. Some valid
statements are:
10 A=ABS(Y) :rem 95
20 IF ABS(SC}=100 THEN 350 irem 67
30 T=T+ABStTl-T2) Jrem 210
lUST AS THE DRUIDS COMPrLED
THE FIRST COMPUTER [Stone-
he nge) so they also brought the first deco-
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of these mystics has filled us with the desire to
continue their special ways. LISTEN . . .
CASSETTALOG!
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INT(X) returns the integer value of a number
X, or the whole number part of a number which
contains a decimal. The integer function truncates
the decimal portion of a number, but il docs not
rctund the number. The result is always tlie larj;cst
wliole number smaller than the given number, or
the whole number to the left of a given number
on the number line. Thus, INT(4.56) will be 4, but
for negative numbers, INT{- 4.56) will be —5.
Some valid statements are:
10 I=INT(X/Y) irem 3
30 J=J+INT(A) :rem 220
50 ON INT(S) GOSUB 200,250,270 : rem 43
SGN(X) returns the sign of a number X. The
value will be 1 for positive numbers, 0 for zero,
and - 1 for negative numbers. This function is
useful in games where the position of an object
may be positive, negative, or zero in relationship
to another object. The score could also be tested
with the SGN function. Valid statements are:
10 S=SGN(X-Y) :rem 8
20 ON SGN(SC-T) GOTO 150,370,370 : rem 170
40 IF SGN{R)=-1 THEN 430 : rem 22 3
The following program illustrates the absolute
value function, integer function, and sign function
for several numbers.
100 PRINT "[CLR)NUMBER{3 SPACES }ABS
{2 SPACES3lNT{2 SPACES}SGN" : rem 103
110 FOR 1=1 TO 7 :rem 10
120 READ N :rem 253
130 PRINT N;TAB(8);ABSCN) ;TABtl4) ;INT(N) ;
TAB{19) ;SGN(N) : rem 214
140 NEXT I srem 29
150 DATA 3.4,0,0.6,-2.1,-5,7.2,-5.3
: rem 139
160 END :rem 110
The VlC-20 and Commodore 64 have several
built-in trigonometric functions. Specify a
number, numeric variable, or numeric expression
within the parentheses (called the "argument" of
the function).
SIN(X) returns the sine of an angle specified
as X radians.
COS(X) returns the cosine of an angle
specified as X radians.
TAN(X) returns the tangent of an angle
specified as X radians.
ATN(X) returns the arctangent of a number
X. Arctangent is the angle with the tangent
of X. The angle will be expressed in radians.
When you are working with angles, re-
member that the computer uses angles expressed
in radians. Since 180 degrees equals pi radians,
you can convert D number of degrees to R radians
with R = D* 7r/180. The conversion from radians
to degrees is D = R"'180/7r .
If you need some of the other trigonometric
functions, remember these conversions.
132 COMPUTEI's Cozotic January 1984
Cotangent (X) = cosine(X)/sine(X) or
l/tangent(X)
Secant(X) = l/cosine(X)
Cosccant(X)= l/sine(X)
Some functions arc not defined for certain angles
(such as the tangent of 90 degrees), and you need
to be careful of overflow conditions or division by
zero for the reciprocal functions.
The programs following this column illustrate
the use of these trigonometric functions. Enter an
angle expressed in degrees, D. Line 170 converts
the degrees to radians. The sine, cosine, tangent,
cotangent, secant, and cosecant of the angle are
printed.
Two more technical functions are the expo-
nential and logarithmic functions. EXP(X) returns
c to the power of X, where X is a numeric expres-
sion that must be less than t)r equal to 88,02969191.
LOG(X) returns the natural logarithm of X, and X
must be a number greater than zero. No longer
do you need a book of math tables, nor do you
need to calculate interpolations — your computer
can calculate logarithms and exponentials almost
instantly. Sample valid statements are:
10 PRINT LOG(X/Y) : rem 1
20 A=EXP{B) :rem 96
50 G=L0G(H)-L0G(I) : rem 13
70 IF EXP(F)>=50 THEN 200 : rem 27
If the computer does not have a built-in func-
tion that you need, you can define your own func-
tion. The definition procedure is useful if you
have a long mathematical formula that is used
several places in the program. You can save com-
puter memory and typing time by defining the
function at the beginning of the program, then
every lime you need the function, it is called by
the function name.
To define a function, use DEF FN with a vari-
able name (one or two letters long) including a
variable name within parentheses. For example,
10 DEF FNGtX) = 3*X»X + 4*X+ 2
Here a function G(X) is defined with a formula.
Later in the program you can u.se a statement
such as
50 PRINT rNG(7)
and G(X) will be evaluated with X = 7.
The definition statement needs to be executed
before the function is used in the program, so it is
a good idea to put all definitions at the beginning
of the program.
The above example used a function depend-
ent upon a variable X. The defined formula does
not have to contain a variable. For example, we
could define a function R(Y) as follows,
10 DEF FNR(Y)=INT(8*RND(1) )+l : rem 93
R(Y) is defined as a random number from 1 to 8.
Commodore 64
and
VlC-20
Telecommunications
with a difference!
Unexcelled communications power and
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• EIWULATION - Most popular terminal protocols:
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- EDfTING -Futl-screen editing of Receive Buffer
■ UP/DOWNLOAD FORMATS- CBM,Xon-Xoff,
ACK-NAK, CompuServe, etc,
• FLEXIBfLITY -Select baud, duplex, parity, stopbits,
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• DISPLAY MODES -40 column; 80/132 with
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• FUNCTIOW KEYS -8 Standard, 52 user-defined
• BUFFEf?S— Receive, Transmit, Program, and Screen
• PRINTING -Continuous printing with Smart ASCII
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■ DISK SUPPORT- Directory, Copy, Rename Scratch
Program options are selected by menus and function
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Write for the full jtory on SuperTerm; or. If you
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Require5: Commodore 64 or VIC -JO. drsk flfrve or Daiasftte, iina
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Now, witliin the program every time we need a
random number from 1 to 8, we can use R(Y):
50 C=R(Y) :reni 225
80 A=R(Y)+R(Y) :rem 9
90 IF R(Y)>4 THEN X=2 :rem 92
A defined ("unction may combine other func-
tions, such as
10 DEF FNF(X)=1-SIN(X} : rem 225
You can see that by using user-defined func-
tions you can really customize your programs
and make leclmical cnlculatit)ns less complicated.
1 hope this discussion of the built-in numeric
functions and the user-defined functions has
shown you the powerful potential of your "home"
computer. Technical applications which used to
be possible only with large computers or with
hours t)f calculation time are now possible with a
combination of built-in functions on our home
computers. In a later column I'll discuss the ver-
satility of the string functions available on the
VIC and 64.
Angles (VIC Version)
100 PRINT "{CLR]** ANGLES **" trem B7
110 PRINT "{down} ENTER ANGLE IN DEGREES"
irem 239
120 INPUT "D = ";D srem 103
130 IF D>=0 THEN 160 srem 216
140 PRINT "SORRY, 0<D<360" srem 182
150 GOTO 110 srem 97
160 IF D>360 THEN 140 srem 5
170 R=D*_t/lR0 srem 92
180 PRINT "EQUIVALENT RADIANS = ",R
: rem 37
190 PRINT "SINE OP ANGLE =",srN{R)
:rem 140
200 PRINT "COSINE OF ANGLE =",COS(R}
: rem 1 7
210 IF D=90 THEN T$=" INFINITY" : GOTO 240
: rem 167
220 IF D=270 THEN T$=" INFINITY" ;GOTO 240
jrem 216
230 TS=STR$(TAN(R) ) srem 62
240 PRINT "TANGENT OF ANGLE = ",T$:rem 85
250 IF T$ = " INFINITY" THEN C$!="0":GOTO 280
srem 221
260 IF TAN(R)=0 THEN C$=" INFINITY" : GOTO 2
80 srem 168
270 C$=STR$(1/TAN(R)) srem 145
280 PRINT "COTANGENT OF ANGLE = ",C$
srem 218
290 IF COS(R)=0 THEN S$=" INFINITY" : GOTO 3
10 :rem 183
300 S?=STR?(1/C0S(R) ) srem 157
310 PRINT "SECANT OF ANGLE = ",3? srem 255
320 IF D=0 OR D=I80 OR 0=360 THEN CS5="IN
FINITY" sGOTO 340
330 CS?=STR$(1/SIN(R) ) :
340 PRINT "COSECANT OF ANGLE =
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• S<»*n 'Jov*' F#<]TUrei
• Gam? Paiilb>iirir>
% iprlt** Gofn^'Qfion
(59.95 ioduding DIGITIZER
Cry _._
SKirr_. Ip
350 PRINT "[DOWN]ANOTHER ANGLE?
360
370
380
390
400
GET A$
IF A$="Y"
IF Ag<>"N'
PRINT A$
END
THEN 100
THEN 360
:rem 41
: rem 232
,CS$
:rem 215
(Y/N)"
s rem 88
:rem 222
srem 40
srem 99
srem 142
irem 107
Angles (64 Version)
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
400
PRINT "{CLR}** ANGLES **"
PRINT "{D0WN}ENTER ANGLE IN
INPUT "D = ";D
IF D>=0 THEN 160
PRINT "SORRY, 0<D<360"
GOTO 110
IF D>360 THEN 140
R=D*T/ia0
Ui COMPUTEI's Gazette January 1984
:rem 87
DEGREES"
srem 239
irem 103
;rem 216
srem 182
srem 97
srem 5
srem 92
PRINT " {D0WN}EQUIVALENT RADIANS = "rR
srem 69
PRINT "I DOWN} SINE OF ANGLE ="rSIN(R)
srem 172
PRINT "(DOWN] COSINE OF ANGLE =";COS(R
) ;rem 49
IF D=90 THEN T$=" INFINITY" ; GOTO 240
: rem 167
IF D=270 THEN T$="INPINITY" sGOTO 240
: rem 216
T$=STR$(TAN(R) ) srem 62
PRINT "{DOWN} TANGENT OF ANGLE = ";T$
srem 117
IF T?="INFINITY" THEN C?="0"sGOTO 280
srem 221
IF TAN(R)=0 THEN C$=" INFINITY" : GOTO 2
30 :rem 168
C$=STR$(1/TAN(R)) srem 145
PRINT " [down! COTANGENT OF ANGLE = ";C
5 srem 250
IF COS(R)=0 THEN S$=" INFINITY" sGOTO 3
10 ; rem 183
S$=STR?(1/C0S(R) ) srem 157
PRINT "[down} SECANT OF ANGLE = "?S?
:rem 31
IF D=0 OR D=180 OR D=360 THEN CS$="IN
FINITY" sGOTO 340 srem 41
CS5=STR?(1/SIN(R) ) srem 232
PRINT "j DOWN J COSECANT OF ANGLE = "rCS
5 :rem 247
PRINT "{3 DOWN) ANOTHER ANGLE? (Y/N)"
;rem 122
GET A$ srem 222
IF A$="Y" THEN 100 srem 40
IF A$<>"N" THEN 360 srem 99
PRINT A$ srem 142
END srem 107 ®
'THIMKTdkMK
9
If you've been using otner
software with your Commodore
64TM, yoo have probably learned
to compromise a lot! Maybe you
have even considered investing
in more expensive hardv^'are.
Hold everYthlng... arm that
Commodore 64tm with explosive
firepower as well as Phi-Beta
intellect! All you really need is
a "Think Tank" working for you.
Mirage concepts software:
• Ingeniously simple to operate
• Unrestrained userflexiblity
• Awesomely powerful
Mirage Concepts brings a new
definition to the phrase Think-
Mirage concepts'
Power Packed
Software & Your
commodore 64 /
Tank" with the Introduction of
their companion w/ORD processor
and DATABASE MANAGER programs.
Together, they bulldoze your
Commodore 64tm through any
obstacle.. .with fingertip ease!
User Confldence-once you've
experienced the simplicity and
raw-power of Mirage Concepts
softwai'e, you will never again
settle for less! Perfection is the
only standard we tolerate at
Mirage Concepts. Put a "Think-
Tank" in your Commodore 64tm..,
ask YOur dealer for Mirage
concepts' word processor and
DATABASE MANAGER today. Only
S99.95 each.
mi^AGE concEPCx inc.
2519 W. Shaw Ave., #106 • Fresno, CA 93711
FOR DEALER INFORMATION, CALL: {800) 641-1441 • IN CALIFORNIA (800) 641-1442
CHARLES BRANNON
PROGRAM EDITOR
HORIZONS: 64
Mailbag
Time to Lxiunce back some of the ideas and sugges-
tions you've sent me. In talking about Commodore
64 video, ! mentioned tlial llie new S-pin 64s have
improved video clarity, but said that there are no
functions assigned to the additional pins (previous
64s had five- pin plugs for audio/video).
]. Robinson of Santa Monica, California, dif-
fers. He's rigged up a cable using an 8-pin DIN
plug (sorrv, Radio Shack doesn't carry them) with
the chroma (color) signal coming fn)m pin H. Nor-
mally, chroma is slightly distorted by the lumi-
nance mixed with it, but llie signal from pin 8 is
pure, and the picture is belter than ever, as evi-
denced by .some color slides Mr. Robinson sent
me. If vou can find an 8-pin DIN plug, try it out.
By the'way, DIN stands for Deutsche Industre
Norm (German Industrial Standard).
We've received stime letters about the Auto-
matic Proofreader, asking ht>w the checksum is
computed on each Hno. We send program lisHngs
to a disk, then run our Lister program, which
reads the programs straight from the disk and
formats the listings with cursor controls and
graphics spelled out.
hi addition, the Lister automatically generates
the ":rem" checksums by adding togethei- the
ASCII values of all the characters in the line. The
reason that the numbers are never larger than 255
is that the addition is done internally in only 8
bits, so it will wrap around from 255 to zero (like
an odometer past 99999) if the sum is loo large.
That's why some numbers for long lines are
smaller tlian other numbers for short lines. It all
depends where the number wraps around.
Printer Interfaces
A few issues back, cohmmisl Larry Isaacs talked
about a parallel printer interface by CardCo called
Card/Print (also written as "Card/?"). V-Ve've used
this interface here and have been generally pleased
with its performance, although it will not translate
certain 64 control codes in the listing mode.
Another interface I've been using is the Tymac
136 COMPUTEI's Gazelle January 1964
Connection. Unlike the Card/Print, the Connec-
tion is set up specifically for your printer {ROM
chips are available for several printers). The Card/
Print will work with almost any Centronics parallel
printer, but the Connecticm uses the gi-aphics
capabilities of your Lpson, Prowriter, or other
dot-matrix graphics printer.
The Connection offers "almost total emula-
tion" of the VIC printers, such as the 1525. In the
emulation mode, it will respond identically to the
control codes the VIC printer uses, such as dot
graphics, ek)nga led/normal text, cursor-up mode,
cursor-down mocfe, and more. You can therefore
use all the special features of your printer (high-
quality print, italics, double-strike, etc.) and
still be able to run programs specific to the VIC
printers, such as high-resolution screen dumps.
In addition, the Connection uses your
printer's dot graphics capabilities to actually print
the built-in graphics characters on the keyboard.
Program listings with graphics symbols will ap-
pear as they do on the screen. Unfortunately, the
graphics characters are formed rather strangely.
Characters which should connect, such as Com-
modore Q and SIiIl"T -asterisk, do not. The cursor
symbols are hard to read. The Connection also
cannot reproduce reverse-video text, since your
printer's normal character set is used for alpha-
numerics. But support for graphics is better than
no grapliics symbols at all.
' The Connection has a listing mode, though it
canntU interpret some characters. There is also a
"transparent" mode, where it just sends the char-
acters along without any interpretation. This is
what you would do with some word processing
programs. Unlike the Card/Print, there is no way
to "lock" in any one mode.
1 lard ware- wise, the Connection has a 6502
microprocessor with RAM, ROM, .md a printer
port. How strange to buy another computer for
your 64. It has enough RAM to serve as a 2K printer
buffer. With a buffer, characters coming from the
computer are stored until the printer can "catch
up." If you sent something less than 2K long, it
would be instantly printed from I lie computer's
COMFUTHs Fist Book of
— COMMODa?E^
64
CCTTnOdCsW K'tT'io ccFTputer
COMPUTEI's
First Book Of Commodore 64
$12.95
■yWlH^,
*'■■*' " .V, „„
■ Ml
IP
IT
131
1*1
"ownn
lUii
fMi
'"'"'« Ui,,
'«IM8,
COiiti
''PP'WitC.-H,
■■^j7rir-_ ..
'^*Plrr J. c.
ents
*<««
'Tsrft,
Oiji
Wwj,
" ■"■'in.
i«Vbt,
rtW
T:£Lt-^;^Str"""«^'
The Commodore 64 is a powerful home com-
puter. Its state-of-the-art features include sprite
graphics and an advanced musical synthesizer
chip. COMPUTEI's First Book of Commodore M
IS the definitive resource guide for owners and
users of the 64. It includes some of the best
articles and programs from COMPUTEI Maga-
zine and COMPUTEI's GAZETTE, plus many
more tfiai liave rtever tjefore appeared in print.
Frrsr Book Of Commmodore 64 contains
something for everyone: BASIC programming
techniques; data storage programs; examples
of sprite graphics and musical synthesis: infor-
mation a'bout writing games, using peripherals,
and working with many utilities (including a
machine language assembler and a monitor);
a complete merriory map; and advanced
programming teciiniques. Also includes many
ready-to-type-in programs and games.
If you are a Commodore 64 owner who
wants to learn more about using your computer
to its full potential, this is the book for ^-ou.
Now Available From COMPLTTEI Books
• COMPUTEI's First Book Of 64 Sound & Grspfucs S 1 2,95
Clear explanations to help you use all the 64 's powettut sound and video
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character design.
• COf^PUTEI's First Book Of Commodore 64 Games S 1 2.95
Packed full of games: Snake Escape, Oil Tycoon, Laser Gunner, Zuider Zee.
Arcade-action machine language games for fast hands; strategy games for
sharp mirids,
• COMPUTEI's Reference Guide To 64 Graphics S ) 2.95
A complete, step-by-step tutorial for programming graphics, You'll like the clear
writing, the example programs, and the full-featured sprite, character, and
screen editors,
• Cresting Arcade Games On The 64 S 1 2,95
The principles and techniques of fast-action game design, including custom
characters, movement, animation, joysticks, sprites, and sound. With complete
example game programs,
• Commodore 64 Games For Kids S ! 2.95
Dozens of games for kids of all ages, making this an instant library of educational
software. Learning, creatrvity. ar>d excitement
How To Order
COMPUTE I Books are available at bookstores, newsstands, and computer
stores nationwide. If your local store has run out of COMPUTE! Books or does not cany them, you can order them directly:
By Mall. Send a check or money order in U,S. funds (no cash please) to: Order Department, CO/VlPUTEIBooks, P.O. Box 5406, Greensboro,
NC 27403, Please include S2 shipping/handling for each book you order, Alt orders must be prepaid, (C.O,D. orders are not accepted,)
Allow 4-6 weeks for delivery.
By Phone. If you fiave VISA, IWasterCard, or American Express, call our toll-free number 800-334-0868 (9 1 9-275-9809 in NC)
between 8:30 AlV! and 4:30 PM, EST. Your Ofdei' will be processed promptly; we will bill your credit card (plus S2 shipping/handling).
Al low 4-6 we eks f o r de I i very ,
© 1 983. ComrriOlfcffP 64 15 il wat>(?(i>5fk or Commodore £JcctronrC5.
COMPUTE!" Publicationsjnc.®
''™"(iva_ '"'.'-II.
'^^^
'"■ft
Oupi
0«ni*j
CJiaj
n
point of viL'vv. The buffer would meanwhile be
feeding characters to the printer at the printer's
speed. My printer has a 2K buffer, so the combi-
nation of tlie printer and the Connection gives mc
an e fleet ive 4K of buffer space.
Tlw Ctyiiiurtion (I'l/miic)
DisSrii'iili'd In/ Microwniv
1342 HRt. 2.i
Butler, Nj 07405
$119
Strange Lock-Up Bug
It may have happened lo you. It'.s e,\lremely frus-
trating, and totally imexpected. Fortunately, it's
predictable, hence preventable. Go down to the
bottom of the screen {the very bottom, the last line,
scroll if you have to). Now start typing. Anything.
You could just type a bunch of X's. Keep typing as
ytai wrap around the right margin on the first line,
then stop right after \'ou type past the right margin
of the second 4(l-column line (the screen will scroll).
Ntiw press the IN'ST/DEL key (unSl lIET^ed) to erase
the last character on the previous line.
Whoa! Suddenlv, the command LOAD is
printed, you gel a 7SYNTAX HRROR, the word
RUN appears, and if vou had a program in memory,
it starts. Who typed SHIFT-RUN/STOP?
This is not a trivial error. If you had a program
running, you can't stop it. If not, the cursor appears
to be flashing merrily, and al! seems well. Try
typing. Worry begins to creep into your mind as no
characters appear. You reach for the panacea of
RUN/STOP-RESTORE. Panic sets in \vheii this does
nothing, and you press it o\'er and over again,
pounding antf smashing at the ke\'lx)ard in a frantic
attempt to regain control. Too bad, Yoli have to
reach for the power switch and turn vour com-
puter off. RAM is wiped clean. Your program, if
any, is gone.
I don't know what causes this error. One iheoiy
is that when (he 64 tries to scroll color memory, it
reaches one line loo many past $D1VE7 {vnd of color
memt)ry) and mangles the registers of the CIA chip,
which controls al! interrupts. There is no way
around it, other than the emergency reset 1 covered
last month. Just keep it in mind.
Mope you enjoy the word processor in this
issue. Since it is a complex softv%'are product, we'll
use this col Limn in the future as a forum for an-
swering vour questions about it, as well as tips for
using it.
I'll leave you with something to pla\' with: ex-
tended background color mode. Enter il with POKE
5326.S,PEEK(53265)OR64 and trv Ivping the letter
"A", SI IIFI'-A, then CrRL-9 (reverse on), .md in-
verse video "A" and Sf IIITED-A again. See what
conclusions you come up with, and try changing
memory locations 53282 and 53283. m
GET THE BEST FOR YOUR COMMODORE 64
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POIICV
All orders arcshlppea I P.S. Stilpping ciiirges are (2.00 lor
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All liems are suOject to avaiiabiltiy and price cJiange. Thanks
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EDUCATIONAL
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To Order Call:
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V/SA Or
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HOUSE OF SOFTWARE
9183 Mercedes Ave,* Ariel a. CA 91331
l|
SHOW US A BETTER PRICE AIMO WE'LL BEAT IT!
80 Column Smart Terminal
For Your €64 Without Any Hardware Change!
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■ 15 entry phone directory
■ 20 programmable keys
■ Automatically dial, retlial, upload,
download and log-on
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■ 128 character ASCII keyboard
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■ Use and save files as big as your diski
■ E Mail & E-COM Compatible
Get yours NOW! $49.95
Introducing The VIP Library
The Library Concept
Ttie VIP Terminal is only the first in a
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VIP Library programs are not limited
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Icons Make Learning Easy
Hi-res technology and sprites allow
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Icons, made famous by the Apple Lisa™
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All VIP Library programs are
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Order Status and Software Support
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MAIL ORDERS: (3.00 U.S. Shipping ($5.00
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Professional Displays
The 40-characters-pef-line display of
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Softlaw Corporation has years of soft-
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<^oftLt
avj
9072 Lyndale Ave. So., Mpl5.,MN 55420
AUTHOR'S SUBMISSIONS
ARE ENCOURAGED.
VlCrecitions
DAN CARMICHAEL, ASSISTANT EDITOR
Using The Dynamic Keyboard
The di/imniic kcyboimi is a useful programming
technique that can be used witli LxHh the VIC-20
and the 64. This technique enables you to POKE
values into the keyboard buffer and "fool" the com-
puter into thinking you typed the command from
the keyboard. It can be used to do everything
from simply running a program to chain-loading
programs from tape or disk.
The Keyboard Buffer
The keyboard buffer is a block of memory ten
bytes (characters) long that runs from memory
addresses 631 to 640. The buffer is a temporary
holding area that is used It) store data input from
the keyboard. If you could type faster than the
VIC could read the keyboard {it does this 60 times
a second), you could fill up the keyboard buffer.
Obviously you can't type this fast, but there are
other times the computer's operating system does
use tlie keyboard buffer to temporarily store data.
If a BASIC program is running and is at a stage
where it is not ready to accept data input from the
keyboard (a FOR/NEXT time-delay loop, for ex-
ample), the keys that are pressed will be tempo-
rarily stored in the buffer until the program is ready
to process the data. To see how this happens, enter
the following line in the direct mode, press RE-
TURN, and while the FOR/NEXT loop is running
type the following ten keys: 12 3 456789 0.
FOR A = 1 TO 1 0000: NEXT
As you can see, while the time-delay loop is
running, the keys you pressed are not displayed
on the screen. As soon as the loop is finished, the
computer reads what is stored in the keyboard
buffer and processes the data accordingly and
prints it on the screen. Now enter the above FOR/
NEXT statement again, and while it is running
type the following 12 keys: 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 012.
When the loop is finished, you will see the same
1 40 COMPUTEI's Caiehe Jonuary 1 984
ten keys displayed on the screen as before. But
what happened to the tWo extra keys that were
pressed, the 1 and 2? Those keys were lost because
the keyboard buffer, which runs from 631 to 640,
can hold a maximum of ten characters. Any keys
that are pressed after the buffer is filled are lost.
The Other Keyboard Buffer Byte
You may wonder how the operating system knows
that there is data in the keyboard buffer waiting
to be processed. Memory address 19H tells the
computer how many characters are in the
keyboard buffer ready to be processed. Each time
you pressed a key while the computer was ex-
ecuting the above time-delay loop, memory loca-
tion 198 was incremented by 1 , After the loop
finished running, the operating system took a
look at location 198 (which had a value of ten)
and knew that there were ten characters in the
buffer waiting to be processed. Enter the following
commands in the immediate mode, then while
the FOR/NEXT loop is running, type 12 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 0.
FOR A = 1T010000:NEXTA:POKE 198,0
After the loop is finished, you'll notice that
our ten characters were not printed on the screen.
The reason is that after we came out of the loop
we POKEd 198 with a 0. Even though our ten
characters were in the cassette buffer, the operating
system didn't print them as it did before. When
we POKEd a value of zero into 198, we told the
computer no characters were waiting in the buffer.
Using The Dynamic Keyboard
The keyboard buffer can be a very useful tool when
properly used. For example, did you know that
when you "chain-load" programs (the first pro-
gram automatically loading and running the sec-
ond, the second loading the third, and so on) the
THE VIC LIBRARY
FROM COMPUTE I
For over iwo years. computf[ Magazine has been publishing articles and ready-to-t/pe-in programs for VIC-20 owners. Many VIC pra-
qramminq techniques first appeared in the pages of coMPUTEi,
coMPUTEi's editors have gathered the best amcles (revising and reviriting some) and added previously unpublished materia!, ihe result
is a series of books for VIC-20 ow/ners. Each contains articles and programs which educate, explain, and entertain.
Whether you're brand-new to computing or a seasoned programmer, you'll find fun and useful information, written in cowputei's
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COMPUTEi's Finr Book of VIC has been a number one best
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If you like computer games, you will enjoy "STARFIGHT3, "
"ZAPII," "Meteor Ma^e," and the other games included. Chap-
ters onjoysticks and paddles explain how to use them in
programs yau write.
" F//sf Book of VIC shows you a simple way to alphabetize
lists. And there ate advanced programming techniques for
saving memory space.
the custom character program allows you to design your
own alphabet (if you want your VIC to print Hebrew, Greek, or
other special characters). Custom characters can be developed
into spaceships, flowers, and other unique shapes
You will discover how to automatically renumber BASIC
programs, combine two programs, start and stop the screen
when it is LISTing. and dump the screen to a printer.
If you write programs, you will appreciate the discussion
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and sound. The machine language monitor, TINYMON, is a
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COf^PUTEi's First Book of WC was one of the first books
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"Cryptic Numbers" combines logic and luck. Thinking
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After each turn you learn how close you were.
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You control the bouncing ball by placing deflectors that direct
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First Book of VIC Oamrs is more than just a book full of
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Your VIC library is not complete without COf^PUTEI's Second
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Some of the outstanding programs include; a datassette
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assembler (and a veiy fast machine language game); a program
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Second Book of VIC fr.'aiurcs a detailed memory map
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locations, but also gives you ideas for using them in your
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Chapters on graphics and sound include a character
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that does not slow down BASIC programs, ar\d a utility for
programming the eight function keys.
And, of course, there arc ready- to- type-in games: "UXB, "
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People who are curious about the many things you can
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Why not order your copy today?
i
NEW RELEASES
[Coming Suon lioni COMPUTEI Books)
Creating Arcade Games on the VIC
VIC Games for Kids
Things to Do in 4K or Less
HOW TO ORDER
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first program has to be longer than the second?
That's because of the variables. The start of BASIC
variables always stays just past the end of yuur
BASIC program. When you chain-ioad programs,
any variables that are used in the first program
are stored a few bytes past the end oi liASlC. If
the second program in the chain is longer, it will
write over these variables, and all tiieir values
will be lost. To illustrate this, enter the following
two short programs and save them to tape with the
filenames specified below. Be sure to save the sec-
ond program with the filename "TEST. LOAD. 2"
right after the first program (use the filename
TEST.LOAD.I),
TEST.LOAD.l
10 A=10:B=20:C=30 :rem 120
20 PRINT" {CLRl [DOWN} THIS IS PROGRAM 1"
:rem 244
30 FORT=1TO500:NEXT : rem 189
40 L0AD"TEST.L0AD.2" :rem 182
TEST.L0A0.2
10 PRINT" THIS IS A DUMMY LINE" ;rem 251
15 PRINT" THIS IS A DUMMY LINE" ; rem 0
20 PRINT" THIS IS A DUMMY LINE" ! rem 252
25 PRINT" THIS IS A DUMMY LINE" : rem 1
30 PRINT" THIS IS A DUMMY LINE" :rem 253
35 PRINT" THIS IS A DUMMY LINE" : rem 2
40 PRINT" THIS IS A DUMMY LINE" srem 254
50 PRINT" {CLR) (down! THIS IS PROGRAM 2"
jrem 248
60 PRINT"A=";A;"B="fB;"C=";C : rem 41
As you can see, the first program sets three
variables (A7B, and C), PRINl's a quick message
to the screen, then LOADs in the second program,
which prints a few messages to the screen (we
made it longer here for our demonstration). It
then prints the variables A, B, and C that were set
during the first program. Note that the printed
variable values are zeros, even though we initiallv
set them at it), 20, and 30, respectively.
What's the answer? The dynamic keyboard,
of course. Change the last line (line 40} in the first
program to read:
40 POKE 631,131 : POKE 198,1
Then reSAVE it using the same filename,
and RUN it again. For our demonstration, this
modification will work only with cassette. Save
this modified version to tape, and be sure to save
another copv of the second program right after it.
If you changed line 40 and saved both pro-
grams correctly, you'll notice that the first pro-
gram successfullv called in and ran the second,
even though we removed the LOAD command in
line 40.
This is accomplished by the two POKRs we
used in line 40. POKE 631,131 places the token for
SHIFT-RUN into the keyboard buffer. When you
press SMIFTand RUN on the kcybtiard to LOAD
and RUN a tape program, this character (131) is
142 COMPUTEI's GazellB Jcnuafvl984
placed in the buffer. Jot this down; you probably
won't find it in vour VlC-10 Pw>^n}niim'r's Reference
Guide. We POKIEd the 5H1I- T-RUN into location
631, the first byte of the keyboard buffer, because
the buffer is of the FIFO (first in— first out) type.
That is, when you press a key on the keyboard,
the operating system places it in the first byte of
the buffer; when ready to be processed, this will
be the first character pulled out.
The other POKE we made in line 40 was POKE
198,1 . This tells the operating system that there is
one character in the buffer waiting to be processed.
As soon as the 1 was POKEd into 198, the oper-
ating system was fooled into thinking you had
typed SHIFTT<UN from the keyboard,' and the
computer LOADed and ran the next program.
The obvious drawback here is that it will only
LOAD and RUM the next program on ta}k-. This is
because the POKEs we used did not specify a
filename. So when using this method oi chain-
loading, be sure the progriims are saved one after
the other.
You'll notice that we still have a problem
passing variables because of the longer length of
the second program. There is another technique
which can easily solve that.
Using The Buffer And The
Screen
Delete line 40 from the first program and add the
following lines:
32 PRINT" {CLR] {2 DOWN} LOAD" : rem 11
40 PRINT" {6 DOWN} 5 A=" .-A; " ;B=" ; B; " :C=" ;Cr
:rem 113
45 PRINT"RUN" :rem 47
50 POKE631,19:FORA=632T0636:POKEA, 13: NEXT
:POKE198,6 : rem 96
As before, SAVE it to tape and reSAVE the
second program right after it. Now RUN the first
program and see what happens. Be sure to leave
the cassette PLAY button pressed down after the
first program is loaded.
This time we've successfully passed our vari-
able values from the first program to the second.
Here's how we did it.
Line 32 clears (he screen (which alst) moves
the cursor to the I lOMH position). It then moves
the cursor down two lines, and prints the word
LOAD. Line 40 shows how we pass our variables
from one program to another. It prints a line on
the screen that looks like (and is) a BASIC state-
ment: the number 5 (the BASIC line number) and
the variables A = , 13 = , and C = . It then prints the
current value of those variables, in this case 10,
20, and .30, respectively. Line 45 prints the word
RUN and starts our second program.
Line 50 is the key to it all. The first POKE
(POKE 631,19) places the value 19 into the first
byte of the keyboard buffer. In this case, the ASCII
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Commodore 64 is a trademark of Commodore Business Machines, Inc.
144 COMPUTEI's Gazette Jonuaryl984
value of 19 is the control character which stands
for home; cursor. The cursor, then, is simply
move(i to the home position (the upper-left corner)
without clearing the screen. The next five POKCs
we malse to the keyboar(.i buffer are the same (a
vafue of 13), and are tione with a ['OI^/NI^XT loop.
The ASCII value of 13 is the control character
which represents the KFTURN key, POKE 198,6
fools the operating system into thinking that six
keys have been pressed on the keyboard. The
computer starts processing these commands, and
away we go. Hei'e's what happens.
The value of 19 moves the cursor to the HOME
position, anci then the operating system automat-
ically moves it down one more line. The cursor is
now sitting on top of the word LOAD we printed
on the screen. The next character in the keyboard
buffer is a 13, which stands for RETURN. We've
fooled the computer into thinking that we typed
the word LOAD and then pressed RETURN. The
system now loads in the next program on the
tape. While the computer is loading the program,
the processing of data in the keyboard buffer is
temporarily suspended.
After the LOAD has been completed (we
now have the second program in BASIC memory),
the operating system continues reading data from
the keyboard buffer. The next few bytes in the
buffer stand for RETURN. The cursor is now
sitting on the BASIC line we printed on the screen
in the first program. When the computer reads
the next value of 13 from the keyboard buffer, it is
again fooled into thinking we have just typed in a
new BASIC line for the second program, ll then
enters that line. The cursor has now moved to the
next line on the screen, which reads RUN. Reading
another 13 from the buffer, it thinks we typed
RUN from the keyboard and pressed RETURN,
and away it goes with the second program.
Many Different Techniques
The above techniques could have been accom-
plished a number of different ways using the
keyboard buffer and the screen. Just remember
one important fact. In most cases, when the com-
puter reads data from the buffer, it thinks it was
entered directly from the keyboard. Almost any-
thing you can do from the keyboard can be done
from the keyboard buffer. As a matter of fact, you
could probably create a computer program itself
by POKEing various values into the buffer.
Experiment with this technique and I'm sure
you'll find a useful application for it.
if you've goi questions or ideas about subjects you'd like
to see covered in this cotumn, write to: VICreafioiis,
do COMPUTEi's GAZETTE, P.O. Box 5406, Creensimo,
NC 27403. m
Graph Plotter
Ruth A. Hicks
Not only is "Graph Plotter" an interesting tool
for drawing 3-D columnar charts, but the
accompanying article takes you step by step
through the program itself so you can learn
how it was written. The program originally
was designed for the Commodore 64, and
we've added a version for the un expanded
VIC-20.
"Graph Plotter" is a good demonstrntion of what
beginning prtigmnimers can accomplish in the
way of graphics on the Commodore 64 and VIC-20.
Different graphics techniques were used to create
this program. By reading this article and following
along with the program listing, you can increase
your knowledge of graphics formnlting. Of course,
if you're not into learning programming, there's
no reason why you can't just type in the program
listing anyway.
Graph Plotter creates attractive bar graphs
with three-dimensional columns. The graphs are
particularly exciting in color. There are six col-
umns, each a different color, to which you assign
a value from 0 to 15 for the column height. You
tell the computer what values ench column has,
and then you can interpret their menning.
Modular Programming
Graph Plotter wns written with n technique known
as modular or block proi^rantming. This means a
section at a time was written on the computer
and then checked for eye appeal, function, and
(of course) that familiar message, "7SYNTAX
ERROR," There are five main blocks to this
program.
When typing the program, I suggest that you
omit unnecessary spaces except in any INPUT or
PRINT statements between quotation marks. All
^-D !mr i^raphs tire a simp ivith "Graph Plotlcr" (64 version).
The VIC-2Q version of "Cnipli Ploller."
COMPUTEI'tt Gaiette Januory 1 984
145
other spaces are not needed by the compLitcr and
only consume more memory. Since this is nn arti-
cle to learn from, let's start some good habits right
away by not typing those useless spaces.
Block One
Block one, lines 100-180, creates the graph, hi-
cluding the segments and the outlining border.
Instead of using line after line of PRINT state-
ments, we'll be POKEing the information directly
into memory inside FOR/NEXT loops.
Line 100 clears the screen and sets the back-
ground color to black and the border blue. Line
110 starts the top border on the Commodore 64 at
screen memory location 1230 and runs it across
the screen to location 1261, drawing a continuous
line (these addresses are 7726 to 7743 on the VIC).
Refer to the manual which came with vt>ur com-
puter for the "Screen and Color Memory Maps."
Each time the FORy'NEXT loop is executed, it
places the new value of I into the POKE statement
with the symbol number 1 14 (refer to your manual,
"Screen Display Codes"). The I value tells the
computer zi'Ihtc to put the symbol and the 1 14
tells wlmt symbol to put in (hat spot.
The second POKE in line 1 10 colors the svm-
bol green. Since the "Color Memory Map" (see
manual) corresponds to the screen memory map,
only with a different set of numbers, all we have
to do is calculate the offset. The difference between
55296 and 1024 (the starling address of color and
screen memory in the Commodore 64) is 54272, a
simple subtraction problem. So, we POKE
I -I- 54272 with the color code for green (5) and
presto, we have a green symbol at the correct
location! The same thing works on the VlC-20,
except the offset between screen and color mem-
ory is 30720 instead of 54272.
Line 120 draws I he left border, beginning at
screen memory location 1270 and ending at Uicn-
tion 1790 on the Commodore 64 (7748 to 8034 on
the VIC). The STEP 40 is used because a Commo-
dore 64 has 40 characters per line across its screen
(STEP 22 fur the VIC). If you look at your manual
and find screen location 1270, then add 40, you'll
find that location 1310 is exactly one line below
1270, On tiie VIC, 7748 -f 22 adds one screen line.
The rest of line 120 and the next two lines are simi-
lar to lines 110 and 120, except for different screen
symbol codes.
The last four lines (150-180) in this section
were constructed in the same manner, using FOR-
NEXT loops to POKE information directly into
screen memory. These lines draw continuous
lines on the graph, making it more readable.
Designations
Block two of the program prints a series of num-
bers on the left side of the graph and letter desig-
U6 COMPUT£t's Gazette JanuOfy 19B4
nations for each of the six columns. Line 190 posi-
tions the following PRINT statement at the right
spot horizontally so the numbers can be displayed
along the left side of the graph. We want the num-
bers to start at the fourth space right of the border,
so we place a SPC(4) after the PRINT, and then
place the number to bo printed inside quotation
marks.
So, lines 190 through 220 label the Y-axis with
a socquence of numbers from 15 to 0. Notice that
between each colon is a complete PRINT state-
ment, and even though they are all crunched to-
gether in only four program lines with i jo spaces,
they result in 16 lines of vertical display. Also,
notice that with one-digit numbers the SPC() state-
ment is increased from four to five in the Commo-
dore 64 version for proper placement.
The last line of this section (230) puts letter
designations along the bottom of the graph be-
neath the columns. Notice there is only one PRINT
since this line is displayed horizontally. In the
Commodore 64 version, the first letter is
positioned with TAB(9) and the following letters
are all equally spread with SPC(4) statements.
Again, because of the VlC's smaller screen size, a
TAB(4) and SPC{2) statement are used to position
the letters properly.
READ-DATA Block
In the third block of the program (lines 240 to 300),
DATA is READ that will be used in a later routine
to position each vertical baron the graph and
decide its color. Line 240 prevents this DATA
frt>m being reREAD unnecessarily with any sub-
sec] uen I passes through the program.
The first statement that READs DATA in this
section is in line 260. Here, a READ command is
contained in a FOR-NEXT loop so it is executed
six times. This causes six strings, representing the
six column labels (A,B,C,D,E,r) to be READ and
set equal to the string array variable, A${l).
In line 280, a second set of DATA is READ
and assigned to D(I). This string array variable
denotes the color code for each vertical bar on the
graph.
The last group of DATA in this block is READ
from line 300. The values taken from line 290 are
the screen memory addresses necessary to prop-
erly locate each bar on the graph.
The use of arrays in this section significantly
shortens the length of the program. Instead of
requiring six separate blocks of code to locate and
draw each vertical bar, we will now be able to
perform this in one routine.
Input Block
The fourth block of the program {lines 310-420) is
the INPUT routine. Notice that that much of this
routine is contained within a FOI^NEXT loop
/
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Progr«ramBfi: Writs lo our N«w Progriim Mirifler concerning
any (inpllanti VIC Jt)TM or Commodora 64TM gims
or othar program you tia«e dgvelopad.
(lines 310-370).
In this loop, yon nre asked what value you
want for each column. The value that you INPUT
determines the height of each vertical bar. Your
response is checked in line 360 to make sure it is
within the limits of 0 and 15.
After IN PUT ting the height of each column,
the screen memory address (A) for the top of the
column is determined by the first statement in
line 370.
Here's how it works: A(J) was set as a starting
screen location in the first line, then AA (the re-
sponse) is multiplied by 40, because our screen is
40 characters across (22 for the VIC version). Then
AA times 40 (or 22) is subtracted from A(J), because
the columns are drawn upward. So, if the response
is 10, the column rises It) segments high. Then 80
(or 44 on the VIC) is added to A to bring it down
two rows so we have room for our three-dimen-
sional side. Program execution is thentransferred
to the subroutine at line 430, which actually draws
each column on the graph.
In the process, the variables necessary to this
subroutine are passed. The variable C defined in
310 is the offset between the screen memory map
and the color memory map a.s explained above.
The actual color of each column (variable D) and
the starting screen location of each column, or
variable X, are also transferred.
Once a column has been drawn, the user's
previous INPUT is erased in line 320 by POKliing
blank spaces into this area of screen memory. If
you didn't do this, the prior answer, of course,
would remain on the screen.
Line 320 enables you to position a PRINT
statement exactly where you want vertically with-
out disrupting any printing already on the screen.
The cursor is first I iOMnd, and then a blank
PRINT statement is placed inside a FOK-NliXT
loop. As the loop is executed, starting at the
HOME position, it counts down vertically to the
maximum number set by the FOR-NHXT loop.
The next line is the INPUT statement, now in
the right position to be printed. At the end of the
INPUT statement is the variable A A, which re-
ceives whatever value you enter between the limits
of 0 and 15. If the response is less than 0 or greater
than 15, the computer erases the answer and asks
the same question again.
Once all six vertical bars have been drawn,
you will be asked in line 390 if you wish to do
another bar graph. If you do, the program will
start again at line 100. Otherwise, it will liND in
line 420.
The Subroutine
The heart of this program is the subroutine begin-
ning at line 430. This is the block which draws the
columns by POKEing symbols onto the screen.
148 COMPUTB's CaZBtto Jcjriiary 1984
Let's start explaining this section with lines
430 and 440. These two lines check to see if the
value AA from the INPUT block is a 1 or 0. If
AA = 1, the program branches to line 530, which
draws the top of a column one segment high on
the graph. When AA = 0, it is a null entry, and
the program gets another INPUT.
Lines 470 and 480 begin to actually draw the
columns, which are three characters wide. Re-
flecting back to the INPUT block, you'll recall that
variables A and X were set for the starting point
and top part of the ctilumn. So, by POKEing the
screen memory locations with the desired charac-
ter symbols in a FC^l^-NEXT loop, we can draw
the columns to any height we've clmsen. Notice
there are three POKEs, I, I -I- 1 , I-t- 2. Each addition
to 1 moves its location over one spot to the right,
yielding a three-charactcr-wide column. The dif-
ferent screen display codes create a three-dimen-
sional appearance with reversed characters. The
program reverses the character codes by adding
128 to the symbol code (32-1- 128= 160,
101 -I- 128 = 229). Line 480 follows up line 470 with
the color information by adding the color variables
C and D to the same locations frt)m line 470.
Lines 510-540 follow the same format as lines
470 and 480. They draw the three-dimensional
top segments of the columns. Six character sym-
bols and six color locations are POKEd into the
appropriate locations with the variables A, C, and
D. By adding or subtracting numbers from A, we
can position the symbols on the row above or to
the right.
Once this subroutine is completed, line 550
RETURNS to the INPUT block.
Formatiing
By now, vou should have "Graph Plotter" typed
in and SAVIid on tape or disk. The difference
between this program and others you have typed
is that you now know exactly how it was pro-
grammed. Remember the techniques of using
PRINT statements for displaying characters verti-
cally and horizontally; of blank PRINT statements
and SFC() commands for positioning INPUT or
PRINT statements exactly where you want them;
of directly placing symbols and colors onto the
screen vvitli POKEs and variables. In planning
your own programs, use these techniques for
your screen displays and see how handy and time-
saving they can be for you.
See prat^mni listings cm page 202. CB
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MACHINE LANGUAGE FOR BEGINNERS
RICHARD MANSFIELD, SENIOR EDITOR
-j^awa
Addressing
You'll soon notice (h.il most of your ML pm-
gnunming invulvx'S Sfiuiing bvtes around in the
computer's meiiuiry. It's quite simiJnr to PniZKing
sind POKEing, but vou'\'e got more options on
how you address these bytes before vou send them
somewhere. Addressing bytes is Hke iiddressing a
letter — you wnnl it to get to its destination so you
must write the destindlion on the letter. I'here cue
even ways to send the byte c/o another address,
but we'll gel to that in a minute. First, we need to
review our all-ML game in terms of some addressing
options we can use when writing an ML program.
A Cumbersome List
So far, our ML gnnie can be divided into three
sectiotis {like subroutines). Let's use the 64 ver-
sion. Program 2, as our example this month; it's
essentially the same as the VIC version. The first
section (from address 49152 through 49169) puts
the number K into all the addresses of Color RAM
memory. Wo usually have a choice of which ML
iitldivssii!^ )U{Hic we want to use. We could iiave
used the simplest mode, absolute addressing,
and just listed every address we wanted to POKF.
the 8 into. It would have looked like this:
STA 55296
STA 53297
STA 55298
S TA S529'* and so on
but that's pretty inefficient. We would have had
to li.st a thousand addresses. Instead, we chose to
do our POKEing within a loop. The Y register is
quite useful for addressing things because it can
be used as an offset. That is, you can adciress some-
thing so that the actual address you give is added
150 COMPUTEl's Gaiolto January' 1984
/() xvhatever Y ctjiials tU the tluie. This is n special
form of absolute addressing called absolute iiiiiexetl
(you can use liie X register this wav tt>o).
How does it work? First we set Y to equal
zero (at 49152). Then we load the A register with
our color value, 8. Then we have lourSTAs lined
up, using the absolute indexed addressing mode.
Tlie first time the ct>mputer comes across this list,
it will put 8 into 35296, 53552, .558tlS, and ,56[)64. H
will add Y to these addresses, but Y equals () this
first pass through the loop. Then, we INY (raise it
by one). The three registers {A,X, and Y) can onlv
count up to 255; after that, thov reset themselves
to 0. So, when Y= i after t!ie L\Y, I lie liW. in-
struction will "fail" and we'll branch back ttv 49156
for the second pass throLigh the loop. We can't
get past BNF, until Y resets itself to /.ero — BNE
means Branch Not Fqual (to 0). And Y isn't yet
reset to 0.
But, notice what happens the second time
through the loop. Since Y now equals 1, we'll be
putting ourS into 53297, 53553, and so on. This
storage of S's continues until al! the locations be-
tween 53296 and 56319 have been filled.
The Most Common ML Bug
The second section of our game (lines 49 171
through 4^J1H4) is quite similar and makes use of
the same addressing mode. But here we're drawing
a horizontal line across the top aud bottom of the
screen. So, since the screen is only 40 bytes wide,
we'll have to test Y (line 49182) to see if it's equal
to 40. If not, we BNF back and continue the loop.
There are several "B" instructions; all of them
begin with the letter B and branch somewhere (if
Ifs time for your
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Meet PractiCalc." The world's most versatile spreadsheet at only $40.*
Commodore 64 and VIC-20.
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ASSOCIATES, INC,
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•$40 Is suggested retail price for tape version of PractiCaic-20 ($45 tor disk version: PractiCalc Plus or PractiCalc 64 -- $50 tor tape version, $55 for disk).
© 1983 Compjter Software Associates, Inc. Commodore 64" and VIC'20"' are trademarks o( Comrrtodore Business Machines, Inc.
See us at CES Booth U 6940
conditions pass their test). BEQ means Branch if
EQual to 0. We'll get to the others in the future.
BEQ and BNE, though, are by tar the most com-
monly used ones.
The other instructions here are also the most
frequently used ML conmiands. STA (S'l't)re the
A register), LDA (LoaD the A register), STY, LDY,
CPY (Compare Y), INY (raise Y register by 1; liter-
ally INcrement Y), DEY {reduce Y by I, literally
DEcrcmcnt Y), and their companion instructions
(DEX, INX, LDX, STX, CPX) all operate according
to the same rules (and set up flags tor the "H"
instructions to test and then decide whether or
not to branch).
One other thing to notice here; The computer
will always assume that you are loacHing/roJH an
tuidre^i^ unless you specify otherwise. If vou write
LDA 15, the computer copies vvhateyer is in ad-
dress 15 into the A register. (Whatever was at
address 1 5 remains there; only a copy of it is placed
into the A register.) So, if you want to actually
put the niituher 75 itself into the A register, you
must put a niunbersign in front of it: LDA #15.
As you can see, we do this frequently in our pro-
gram. But beware — the single most common
source of ML bugs is forgetting ti> put in that #
when you mean a number as such, or putting it
in when you mean to get a copy of a number from
some memory location in the computer.
Sending Something C/O
Now on lo the new portion of oiu- ML game (lines
491 SC-) lo the end). Here we are going to draw ver-
tical lines down the sides of the screen, completing
the frame for our game. To do this, we'll need to
POKE the first address of screen RAM memory,
then POKE the 39th (the top of the right-hand'
margin), then the 40th (the second space down
on the left margin), then the 79lh, and so on down.
The easiest way to do this in ML is to send a char-
acter to the right side of the frame, add 1 to Y (INY)
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and send the character again, this time to the left
side of the screen. Then we must add 4(1 to our
address (22 on the VIC) to get over to the right
side again.
As hefore, we'll set up a loop, but we first
have to prepare two bytes in zero page (the first
250 memory cells of the computer). T'liese two
bytes will hold luir addresses in a special way.
We'll change the contents of these bytes as we go
along, adding 40 (or 22). You can visualize these
special bytes in zero page as a Ping-Pong pacidle
and, by shifting its angle, you can send the balls
low or high or anywhere in between.
Working In The Real World
Our {i502 chip can send things to 65536 memory
cells, but hi>w can we store a number that large
when each cell will only hold numbers up to 255?
It's simple enough: We gang two bytes together
to hold large numbers. Take a number like 1024,
the start of the t)4's screen memory RAM. Divide
it by 256 and you get 4, So put that in one of the
two bvtos holding our number (call it the most
iiil^iiifiavit b\/ti', ov MSB). Then put the remainder
of the division (0 in this case) into the other byte,
t!ie /ivfs/ ^i;^>!ifiaiiil in/tv, or l.SB. Line I hem up in
memory as LS13/MSB (it's backwards to us, but the
computer likes them put in this way). There you
have it. Notice that the Assembler program per-
forms this whole task for you automatically when
yuu type in a large adtiress (as in line 49156).
I low does this work in I he real world? We do
need to set up just such a double-byte address lor
our routine which draws vertical lines. We're
going lo use the two bytes at 71-72 (space that's
not being used by the computer during an ML pro-
gram run). Notice that we must use zero page for
setting up our special c/o addressing method. We
start tiff (line 49186) by putting 39 into the I.SIJ,
address 71. Then we put a 4 into 72, the MSB. Since
the real address (Ihe target) is 256x LSB + MSB,
we'll get 1063 as the target when we land on these
two bytes. 1063 is the first space on the right-hand
side of our vertical screen line. We can start there
because the first line is already filled in anyway
with our luirizontal line, built earlier in the
program.
At this point we can formally introduce one
of the most significant and useful of the ML ad-
dressing modes — hidiirct Y. (It's usually called
iuiluvci indexed. Who can remember that? Let's
call it Indirect Y.) It takesa minute logetit straight,
but it's a minute well spent. You'll find many
uses for l!iis handy method of sending bytes any-
where in the computer. When you address some-
thing this way, it "bounces off" the number you
prepare in zero page, it's indirect, it's like sending
a letter c/o someone. In effect, it gets readdressed
once the computer lands down in zero page.
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COMPUTEI'i Gazelle Jonuary)984 153
Program 2: 64 version
49152
LDY
# 0
49154
LDA
# 8
49156
STA
55296
,Y
49159
STA
55552
,Y
49162
STA
55808
.Y
49165
STA
56064
,Y
49168
INY
49169
BNE
49156
49171
LDY
# 0
49173
LDA
i 224
49175
STA
1024
Y
49178
STA
1984
Y
49181
INY
49182
CPY
# 40
49184
BNE
49175
49186
LDA
# 39
49188
STA
71
49190
LDA
# 4
49192
STA
72
49194
LDX
# 24
49196
LDY
# 0
49198
LDA
# 224
49200
STA (
71 ),Y
49202
INY
49203
STA (
71 ),Y
49205
DEX
49206
BEQ
49224
49208
CLC
49209
LDA
71
49211
ADC
# 40
49213
STA
71
49215
LDA
72
49217
ADC
# 0
49219
STA
72
49221
JMP
>
491
49224
RTS
After we kidd Y (our offset) with D ngiiin and
lond A with tlie triimiiig cliaracter (224), wv Ciin
store the 224 into the address which the computL-r
finds bv looking at the dmibk'-bvfe tiinnbt'r wv
put into addresses 71-72. When it sees STA
(71),Y- — the computer knows what to do. It first
calculates the correct target formed bv multiplving
whatever it finds in cell 72 x 236 ani.i then .iddiiig
w ha lever's in cell 71 . Then, it also adds the value
of the Y register.
So, we can manipulate the number in Y here
the same way that wc used it with Absolute In-
dexed above (line 49136), but have the added ad-
vantage of being able to manipiilale the doiible-
byie address at 71-72 as well. The first lime
through this loop, ihe fraining character will be
sent to i()(i3. Then we INY .md send another
framing character to 1064 (the second space down
the left side of the screen). Then we DHX. X is
counting down from 24 because there are 24 spaces
down each side of the screen that we need to fill.
If the DFX causes X to equal 0, then the BIZQ takes
154 COMPUTEI's CazcDc January 1984
effect and sends us back to BASIC mode via the
RTS (ReTurn from Subroutine) at line 49224. If X
is not vet zero (and thus we want to continue the
looping), we will add 40 to the double-byte
number at 71-72.
riie adding is done bv first clearing tlie cairy,
CLC, and then putting the number from 71 into
the A register, adding 40 (ARC means ADd with
Carrv) and then storing the result back into cell
71 . Likewise, we get the nimiber from 72, add it
to 0, and put it back. VVh\- add to 0? Because there
might be a carry from the operation on the numlu'r
in 71 . If so, we need to reflect that in the overall
niunber by adding it to the MSB {in cell 72). After
vve'\'e added 40 to this special double-b\'te
number, we just jump (JMP) back to the line where
we start <iur loop that prints the framing characters
to the screen.
We've covered a good bit of ground this
month. Yivu should try out these routines with
vour Assembler and run them after thev've l^een
placed into memory: SYS 12288 (VIC) or SYS 49152
(64). Then, change some of the numbers and see
the effects. Try using a ditterent character tor tlie
frame. Pay particular attention to the way that
Indirect Y addressing accomplishes its efl'ects^
we'll he using it frequently from here on.
See program listings on page 201 . @
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COMPUTBI's Gazette Jonuory 1984 155
64 BASIC Aid
Harold D, Vanderpool
This extremely useful utility program adds
four commands to BASIC and belongs in every
programmer's toolbox. The utility itself is writ-
ten m machine language. To type it in, use the
MLX entry program found elsewhere in this
issue.
No version of BASIC has everything. No matter
what computer you look at, there are things that
could be added to customize it for your particular
needs. The VIC and 64 have an excellent version
of BASIC, Microsoft, which has been popular for
years on microcomputers. But if you do a bit of
programming, you might find that "64 BASIC
Aid" will be among the most valuable utility pro-
grams in your library — it adds four extremely
useful commands to the 64's BASIC.
It uses up very little of your RAM memory
(about 1000 bytes) and after you've typed in and
saved a copy, you can use 64 BASIC Aid anytime
you want those extra four commands. You LOAD
it and RUN it as you would any other program,
but it hides itself high up in memory and becomes
invisible. You can then program as ahvays, but
you've got those four extra commands available
to you .
Since these commands are useful for writing
and debugging programs, they are available to
you only in direct mode. (You can't include them
in a program itself, but you'd never have reason
to use them that way.)
Four Programming Aids
NUMBER 100,10. With this command, you can
1 56 COMPUTll's GaiBlte January19a4
renumber any program that's in your computer.
Just type the command and press RETURN. The
new version of the program will start with line
100 and go up from there in steps of ten. You can
use any numbers you want as the starting line
number and any number from 1 to 255 as the step
size. This can be useful in several ways. For ex-
ample, you might have used up all the line num-
bers .somewhere in your program: you've got
lines 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, and so forth. No room for
new numbers to insert a line? Just use NUMBER
and they'll be spread apart instantly for you.
Within your program, there probably will be
GOSUBs or GOTOs or other references to existing
line numbers. 64 BASIC Aid lakes care of that,
adjusting the references automatically. However,
if it finds a GOTO that's targeted to a line that
doesn't exist in the program, it will print the
number 65535 on the screen. This is helpful when
you debug your programs. Also, all adjusted lines
will.be printed on the screen.
DELETE 100-200. When you type this, all
the lines between 100 and 200 (inclusive) will dis-
appear from your program. It works the same
way that the LIST command works, using the
same format. But be careful with this one. If you
just type DELETE without any line numbers after
it and then hit RETURN, it will delete the whole
program.
FIND/GOTO/,500-900. This would print a
list on screen of each line between 500 and 900
which contained a GOTO command. Again, you
can indicate how you want the line numbers han-
dled in the same way, using the same options, as
with the ordinary LIST command. If you want a
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* modify in HEX, ASCII or DECIMAL * many useful data recovery and modification tips
* restore scratched/ deleted files * source code fully commented by author
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NAME . .
ADDRESS
CITY . STATE ZIP
report on the whole program, just leave off the
comma and the line numbers. You can search for
anything: variables, strings, commands, nimibers.
One note, however, about looking for things in
quotes. The computer won't know if you want
the zoord "to" or the BASIC cojuiuaiui TO unless
you use quotation marks instead of the slashes
when you're looking for words as literal words.
So, to find the word "to" you'd type:
FIND"TO",500-900
CHANGE(f( PRINT(SipRINT#4 Cf, 300-400.
Similar to FIND, CHANGL^ will both locate and
replace all occurrences of something within your
program. All the rules for FIND apply the same
way to CHANGE. The example here could be
very useful if you have a printer. As written, your
program is designed to PRINT everything to the
screen. But you can make everything go lo the
printer instead by adding a line at the .start of the
program, OPEN 4,4 which alerts the computer
that a channel has been opened to the printer.
Then this CHANGE will make all printing go to
channel 4 (Com mod tire printers are always Device
#4, by convention) instead of the screen.
Another use for CHANGE would become
apparent if you'd written a large program and
used an illegal variable name like TI (reserved for
the clock) or TO (a command name). Instead of
hunting through the program, trying to find each
illegal variable, just SAVE the program, LOAD
and RUN 64 BASIC Aid, LOAD the program back
in, and type: CHANGE/Tl/TR/ and it's fixed in a
flash. Like FIND, the whole program is changed
if you leave off the line number information.
KILL turns off 64 BASIC Aid. If you want the
computer to be returned to its original state, just
type KILL and everything will be as if you'd jusl
turned it on.
Here's the information you need to type in 64
BASIC Aid with the special MLX machine lan-
guage entry program found elsewhere in this
issue:
Start address = 39852
End address = 40961
To activate 64 BASIC Aid once it's loaded,
enter SYS 39852.
If you don't want to type this program, .send
$3, a blank cassette or 1541/4040 disk, and a self-
addressed, stamped mailer to;
Hawlti D. Vanderpool
3705 El ion Xniin Pike
Eiioii, on 45323
See program listing on page 203. Q
Avalcn Hill
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01 Bomw (Cl'l MiOllb JO
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/*«:\
Bug-Swatter:
Modifications And Corrections
• Two changes are necessary in the 64 version
of "Oil Tycoon" (October). Add the following
lines to pick a difficolty level or to press E tti end
the game:
230 PRINT" [down! DIFFICULTY LEVEL? 123456
78E(END) (GRNJ" jT=1 :retti 76
235 POKE56194-HT,0:Tl=T:T=T-f (PEEK(JS)AND4)
/4-(PEEK(JS)ANDB)/8:IF T>9 THEN T=l
srem 157
237 IF T<1 THENT=9 :rem 229
263 IF T=9 THEN SYS2048 srem 240
When converting the VIC version to the 64,
we also neglected to include the feature which
allows ytiu to replace the oil rig by pressing the
fire button. Add these lines:
435 Q=R-1:IF Q=0 THEN 360 srem 41
437 J=2:FORA=0TO21 :A% (A) =0 :NEXT:B=Q*40-»■W■l-
X:A=PEEK( B) : IF A<>7 THEN 480 :rem 255
• The text-adventure game "Martian Pris-
oner" (November) does not respond properly
when you attempt to hit a Martian guard. This
bug escaped our testing because we found it safer
to fool the guards rather than provoke them (hint).
Nevertheless, if you want to hit the guards, insert
a GOSUB command in line 123:
125 IFV=14 THEN GOSUB 3900 :rem 154
• Many of vou who typed in the VIC version
of "Aardvark Attack" (October) encountered a
syntax ernir in line 55. The reason is liiat the
programmer used a keyword abbreviation when
he wrote the line, and it works fine when typed
in with the abbreviation. That's why our testing
detected no errors. Unfortunately, listings do not
show abbreviations. Here is the line:
5 5 M=(TANDFNM(J) )/4 J.... :rem 77
The computer interprets T AND FNM(]) as
TAN (tangent) without a value. There are four
ways to fix it: (1) insert a space between T and
AND; (2) abbreviate AND with A-SlllFT-N; (3)
put the T in parentheses; (4) reverse the order —
FNM(J)ANDT.
• The M version of "Munchmath"
(November) does not accept answers beginning
with 9. To fix this, remove ORANS>"9" from line
200.
• in November's "Machine Language For
Beginners" column, the VIC version of "'Fhe Assem-
bler" program requires an 8K memory' expander. (B
COMPUTEt's Gaze)lc Januoryl9B4 159
LIST Freezer
Doug Ferguson
This very short routine will prove indispen-
sable to BASIC programmers — it allows you
to pause or jfreeze a LISTing of the program on
the screen. The routine is a machine language
program presented in the form of a BASIC
loader, so you need to know nothing about
machine language to use it. What's more, it
works equally well on the Commodore 64 or
VIC-20.
The VIC-20 and Commodore 64 cry out for a pause
feature during a LIST. When you're writing or
df bugging a program, especially if you lack a
printer, you can waste a lot of time typing LIST
again and again just to get a look at your BASIC
code.
"LIST Freezer" is an elegant solution to the
problem. H patches directly into the LIST routine
in ROM (Read Only Memory) without interfering
with anything else. Once it's activated, there is
never any need to turn it off. It also eliminates the
screen ripple effect of some other LIST pause
routines, including one I published in C(,)M1^UTE!
Magazine in 1982.
The LIST Freezer
The program below activates the pause feature
for either the VIC or 64. Type it in exactly, SAVE
it, RUN it, LOAD scmielbing in BASIC, and give
it a try. (Because it destroys the BASIC loader part
of itself in line 80, be sure to SAVE it before typing
RUN for the first time.)
To use LIST Freezer, LIST any BASIC program
and hold down the SHIFT key. The listing will
pause. To freeze it entirely while freeing your
hands, press SHIFT LOCK. You can restart the
160 COMPUTEI's GazBllB Jtiriuaryl9a'1
listing at any time by releasing SHIFT or SHIFT
LOCK.
Technical Details
For the curious, here's how it works. Line 20 sots
the low-byte/high-byte address of a machine lan-
guage "patch" a I the top of RAM (Random Access
Memory). The patch consumes 23 bytes of mem-
ory on either the VIC or 64.
Line 30 redefines the computer's memory
size to protect the patch. 11 also moves the LIST
vector at memory addresses 774-77S (hexadecimal
$0306-$()307) to reroute the indirect jump to ROM
(address $A717 in the 64 or $C717 in the VIC).
The remaining lines create the patch routine
at the top of RAM. Line 50 adjusts the patch to
work on either the VIC or 64.
Notice that the program assumes the normal
LIST vector at power-up; line 20 thus prevents
you from accidentally trying to activate the routine
more than once while the power is on.
Also note that the routine clears out the
keyboard buffer when activated. Actually this
was necessary only for the VIC, but it causes no
harm on the 64 and was left in to make the routine
universal.
LIST Freezer
20 L=232:H=PEEK(56)-1:Q=PEEK{775) :IF Q<X6
7 THEN 80 J rem 236
30 POKE 55, Ls POKE 51, L: POKE 56, H: POKE 52,
H:POKE 774,L:P0KE 775, H : rem 74
40 FOR X=L+H*256 TO X+21:READ D: POKE X, D:
NEXT :rem 51
50 POKE X,Q :rem 105
60 DATA 72,152,72,32,159,255,169,1,44,141
,2,208,246 irem 209
70 DATA 169,0,133,198,104,168,104,76,26
:rem 136
80 NEW :rem 82(ffi
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COMMODORE VFC 20
SOFTWARE
ATTACK MUTANT
CAMEL (CTl S3U
Ptedatot (CTI $')()
CofoIKCSDI $20
LaiOt Zone (CTl $J()
Nectrtmantet (CT) ... $;>0
PhaifKib's Cuts* (C ri $30
Kindercorap (CT I J40
FiCemakef (CTl . $40
Story Machine (CTt $40
$19
$19
$l<l
$19
$19
$19
526
526
526
COMMODORE VEC 20 SOFTWARE
Cont'd. ,, ,
LiKi Prui' Unl I <>t Vitul
UUCK ROC.FKS I C 1 1 $40 $25
Congo liofigo (CT)
StarTreklCTi
l^l^'-'-Hll^illJI.l
Lofli> Kunn.-r (CT)
AE. (CT)
Sea(c«(CTl $40 $24
Maslertvpe (CT) , ,
MsIU'a
TEMPLE OF APSHAI
(C»Dl MO $24
SwiotdofFiirgcuKC) $30 519
mssissnsna
CANNONBAU HI-I17{CT)...
Lunar LeetKit (CT)
Cnisshre (CT) $30 $18
Threihhnid (CT)
Rock Bottom Prices
on Peripherals!
HMC ):^ (ir.vvi Ju>( 579
HM(.' i:' ■ I liHi's Green $125
KMC )2 Amber . 589
H.MC );' HiHei Amlwr 5129
BMC 1 r Coitijiosite Ctilor 5249
Munil-ir C.i(ik> uith Aboi.e $ 10
Vk 40 80 t>!ipl,!y Manager . . . $79
C64 Video P,ik 80 $139
mclmlei Word Manj^^t't Free
Patallel PrinKr Interface $4,5
Vi. iL-ili.! MoOiiiith^ud ..
Vii t, Slut .MuiherlHiaid ...
Prmii-t lIliS'vSniUKare ...
Niiri..-i:, K.-iwdCM ....
C6.1 5 Slot
GtaphMT Printer Interlace .
Fr^inomv Primi-T InrfTlrice
Uw Eiiiss $14
n.iisiiik $19
Mi-il 11,111 $21
ii.u-aiii $30
. $26
$6.5
$17
$29
$45
$69
519
Vk CM. Alan
H.i^. .iril =1 Sir.l Vic ,
lle>.M.»l,viiV. &CM .,..,„.„
Altili.ii oni 40 C!olunin
Alpkti.jmrtOCiitumn
int'kKJei Vif, C64, Alan Cable
Cjidf a DM1 Twij Color impact
Gemini lOX ..
$79
$39
M9
$119
$179
$119
$29$
Ok^la. Epson. Ciioli
call 968 9128
•TERMS OFGUARATTTEE' If you finda price (oi any sollware t
icr.™ ur l.u*«An I iu;> It you tinda pr^e to, any tallu/are or peripheral in this issue that li lower than our adv^rliwd price^
Valxl only on pt.KfutI iti similar m snxk conditions Vaki only on prices .ippea ring in ptiiK, in this issue yunptoauctsappejtinginourid.
ORDERING & TERMS: Sent! t,>sh«r check, money order, p.-rsonal.company checks allow 3 weeks liatik cleararu-,. VJS A/M,istvrCard accepted, Proyiilc ,>li,.,ie numlvr with order SHIPPING
aoltwateadd W DO Hardwateadd WOO or 3*. whichever is .jre.iler Ari^ow lesidenlsadd hi.viks tad. Returns musl hauc ,iulhorizalii>n number (call 602 Mfl IJ128I (oi .lulhoriialiiin nuitllwr) All
returned nncrchandise subject to reslr*:king lee ,,n,i mu.t come with M original packa.,in,l Ntitelurns allo«*d alter .10 days from shipping dale Pr«:ejare(iir ca.b^ VISAandMa,teiC4fd«td3%
PrKes subject to change ™ihou( nom e. All pnxluc is subject to .luaiabilily Irom manufsclurers and or suppliers i»p>-oto "uo ^
HINTSScTIPS
Centering VIC Screens
Mary Conlin
If you've discovered a clever time-saving tech-
nique, or a brief but effective programming
shortcut, send it in to "Hints & Tips," c/o COM-
PUTEl's GA2ETTE f or Commodore. If we use it,
we'll pay you $35.
Some V1C-20S and TV sets don't match up
perfectly — the screen image appears to be a little
off-center. This is called overscan. If you can't
compensate by fiddling with the TV controls — or
if you prefer to leave the TV controls as they are
for regular TV viewing — there's a way to adjust
the screen from the computer.
Two memory locations inside the VIC control
the horizontal and vertical positions of the screen
image. By using simple POKE statements in
direct mode or within a program, you can quickly
adjust the screen for any TV, This method works
on a VIC of any memory size. You can restore the
screen to its normal position at any time by
holding down the RUN/STOP key and pressing
RESTORE.
(The Commodore 64 lacks these adjustments,
but has much less need for them because its
screen image is smaller than the VlC's and is less
subject to overscan.)
Horizontal Adjustments
The horizontal screen position is controlled by
memory location 36880. Normally this location
contains a 5. POKEing smaller numbers into this
location moves the screen left, and POKEing
larger numbers moves it right. For example, to
move the screen one position left, type:
POKE 36880,4 [press RETURN 1
Or, to adjust the screen one position right,
type:
POKE 36880,6 [press RETURN]
If your screen is off-center by more than one
position, tr>' POKEing a 3 or a 7, etc. Once you
162 COMPUTE! 'sGazctIr JanuQryl984
Centering VIC Screens On A TV
find the correct value for your particular com-
puter/TV combination, you can include the state-
ment at the beginning of all your BASIC pro-
grams so the adjustment is made automatically
whenever you type RUN,
Vertical Adjustments
The vertical screen position is controlled by
memory location 36881. Normally this location
contains a 25. POKEing smaller numbers into this
location moves the screen up, and POKEing
larger numbers moves it down. For example, to
move the screen one position up, type:
POKE 36881,24 Ipress RETURNl
Or, to move the screen one position down,
type:
POKE 36881,26 Ipress RETURNl
Using numbers too high can move the screen
completely out of view. If this happens, simply
POKE back the 25 or press RUN/ STOP-
RESTORE. Again, once you find the best
number, you can include this statement in all
your BASIC programs. ®
~^JB DISTRIBUTORS.
OME STOP SHOPPING FOR
COMMODORE SYSTEMS.
Qcommodore
COMMODORE BUSINESS
SERIES
SuperPel (5 languages,
2 processors) SI 059
CBM 8032 Compjler, 80 Column , . . 625
CBM Momory Expansion, 64K 259
CBM 8050, 1 mg. Dual Drive 995
C8M 8250, 2 mg. Duo! Drive 1295
C9M 09060, 5 mg. Hord Dtsk 1995
CBM 09090, 7.5 mg. Hard Disk .... 2250
CBM 203 1.170K Single Drive (New)., 295
DC Hayes Smort Modem 300
BUSINESS SOFTWARE-8032
Word Pro 4* or 5* S 309
IntoPro 219
Administrator 489
VisiCcic (expanded) 199
BPI A/R, G/L, Job Cost, Inventoiy,
Payroll ea.325
Commodore 64 Call
INTERFACES & ACCESSORIES
80 Column Expander S 159
VIC 1600 Modem 95
VIC 1650 (outo onswer. outo dial). . . 150
VIC 1 525 Gropdic Printer 225
VIC 1 530 DalQsefte Recorder 65
VIC 1541 Disk Drive 249
VIC Switch (connect 6 64's or Vies
to printer, dd) 1 49
PET-IEEEcQble 33
IEEE-IEEE cable C2m) 49
5 Slot Expander tor 64 65
Parallel Intertace (Epson, Okidata,
IDS, NEC) . 70
Programmers Reference Guide 18
vemotim Diskettes (10 per box) 26
Hes Modem 75
ADA 1450 149
ADA 1800 (New) 129
Numeric Keypad 35
NEW COMMODORE PRODUCTS
The Executive 64 S Call
C8MB128-80 825
CSM B256-80 1095
CBM 8X700 2990
8 Series Sofiwore. Call
CBM 1520 Plotter 169
CBM 1526 Printer 349
SOFTWARE FOR CBM 64
BUSINESS
WofdPro3*/64
w/Spell Right Plus S 79
Spell Right Plus 55
NOTE: SJB HAS A PULL LINE OF
Cole Resuii (Advonced) 125
Cole Result (Easy) 75
Busicolc II 95
Mirage Concepts
(PowerTui Data Bose) 95
M File (merge with WordPro) 89
Home utilities 49
64 Moiling List (Galactic) 28
The Manager , 50
Home Accountont (continental) 75
Code Writer
(Writes Basic Programs) 95
Stock (investment anotysrs) 80
Agricultural Management Coll
General Ledger, A/R, A/P. P/R, Inv.. . . Coll
RECREATION
Assembler Package (cassette or disk,
compiled, includes editor, looder,
disQssembler) S 39
Sprite Master (occess) 30
Neutral Zone (access) 35
Space Belt 19
Coco II (build your own games) 40
Vic Tree (programmers utilities) 75
Micro-Term (sove to printer, disk) 39
Hesmon 35
Gothmogs Lair. . . . , 30
Road Toad 15
Commodore Gomes Coll
MONITORS - GREAT
RESOLUTION (04 OR VIC)
CBM 1701 Color Monitor S 249
Amdek Color Pius 299
Panasonic TR- 1 20 (w/speoker) 1 55
Panasonic CT-160 279
BMC (green screen) 95
Video/Audio Coble 15
PRINTERS • LETTER QUALITY
CBM 6400, 40 cps S)450
Diolaio 620, 25 cps 949
Tronstor 140 (serial) 1395
Trorstar 130, 16 cps (outo load,
wp leatures!) 769
NEC 3500 Series 1600
NEC 7700 Series 2350
Trorstar 120, Heps 500
PRINTERS - DOT MATRIX
CBM 8023, 150 Cps/grophlcs S 545
CBM 4023 Printer 395
Epson FX Printer, 1 60 cps 549
Epson MX-80 FT w/groftrox Coll
Epson fX-100 859
Oktdato 82A, 120 cps (sefiol
and parallel) 429
NEC 8023A (porollel) 429
COMPUTER MEDIA IN STOCK, CALL OR
OKidota 92 559
Stor Gemini, lOX 329
Stor Gemini, 15 , 499
Tronstor 315 (hi-res, cotor) 575
POLICY
VISA/MASTERCARD
C.O.D. FOR CASH
OR BANK CHECK
Minimum S50,00 Order
Add 3% Surchorge tor Credit Cords.
Exact Ireigrit calculated.
Prices subject to change without notice.
Products shipped wrth monutocturer's warranty.
F.O.B. Dollas, Texas
•Customer's must call (or reti^m authorization
before returning ony product,
PRODUCT SELECTION ADVICE
CUSTOMER SERVICE
(2141343-1328
SJB DISTRIBUTORS INC.
10520 Piano Rood, Suite 206
Dallas, Texos 75238
TO ORDER
CALL TOLL FREE
800-527-4893
800-442-1048
(Within Texas)
Business Hour^
Mon. - Fri. 8:30 to 5:30
Saturday 10 to 2
Write tor free catolog.
WRITE FOR MORE INFORMATION.
NEWSSc
PRODUCTS
VIC-20
Spreadsheet
Computer Software Associates
has released a VlC-20 version of
PractiCalc Plus, a combination
spreadsheet-data base manager
program.
The program, available on
tape or disk, requires a 16K RAM
card expander.
PractiCalc Plus allows full
use of mathematical and
trigonometric function, incorpo-
rates search r.nd .sort routines,
and has a single- key histogram
function. The program, which
sells forS49.95 on tape and $54.95
on disk, can be useci for budget
and business projections, ex-
pense tracking, investments,
and inventory.
Micro Software hitermtioiial, Site.
The Silk Mil!
44 Oak Street
Newton Upper Palls, MA 02164
(617) 527-7510
Space Game
For VIC
Ridi^c Runner is a machine-
language space game for the
unexpanded VlC-2t).
In the game, produced by
Bytes and Bits, you maneuver
your multicolor ship through a
minefield and a volley from
enemy ships.
164 COMPUTEI's Caiolle Jonuary 1984
The game, which requires a
joystick and sells for $14.95, in-
cludes a horizontally scrolling
playfield, multicolor graphics,
sound, a high-score recorder,
and a pause option.
Bytes and Bits
524 East Canlerburtf Lane
Phoenix, AZ 85022
(602) 942-1475
Commodore 64
Rescue, VIC-20
Educational
Games
Zeppelin Rescue, a game of co-
ordination and skill for the Com-
modore 64, and several educa-
tional games for tlie VIC-20 are
available from Micro Software
Intemahonal.
In Zeppelin Rescue, you must
overcome the forces of gravity
and the slow, cumbersome con-
trols of your airship to rescue the
inhabitants of a threatened city.
The game includes five city sea pes
and four levels — daylight, dusk,
night, and dawn.
The program is available on
disk for $24,95, or on cassette for
$19.95.
The VIC-20 programs are all
available on cassette and require
no memor)' expansion. They in-
clude Malh Duel, a basic number
skills program ft>r students in
grades 1 through 6; Tim/ Tutor, a
simple math problem tutorial for
children ages 2 through 7; VIC
Sketch, a drawing program with
SAVE and PRINT features; and
CotujHm'r, which teaches the rudi-
ments of music.
Math Duel and Tiny Tutor sell
for $19.95. VIC Sketch and Com-
/wstT are $14.95 each.
Micro Software International
Ttw Silk Mill
44 Oak Street
Nai'ton Upper Palls, MA 02164
(617)527-7510
One-Handed
Bridge
Computer Management Corpo-
ration has released Britt^iePra, a
program that will allow one per-
son and a Commodore 64 to
enjoy a game of bridge.
The program, which is
written in machine language,
takes care of the shuffling and
dealing, and will bid and play
three hands.
The program allows replay-
ing hands, prevents illegal bids,
and offers a help screen on
bidding for bridge newcomers.
A game for two players is among
BriiigePro'^ other options.
BridgePro is available on
disk for $35.
Computer Management Corporation
Customer Service Center
2424 Pxhaurne Court
Walnut Creek, CA 94596
Help For
Programmers
A collection of worksheets,
programming aids, grid-sheets,
and logs, designed to help sim-
plify VIC-20 and Commodore 64
programming, is available from
PM Products.
Programmer's Aids and
Logs includes a guide to all keys,
POKES, CHRS codes, and char-
acters; sound and music work-
sheets; a condensed BASIC-
dictionary; grids for screen lay-
out, custom characters, and
sprites; and documentation
worksheets for variable, sub-
routine, and file use.
Also included are cutout
function key templates and a
BASIC-Aid reference card. The
package, which sells for $9.95,
contains 95 color-coded pages
and is punched for use in three-
ring binders.
PM Products
4455 Torrance Blvd., #177
Torrance, CA 90503
Pro^rmmicr'fi Mih mid Lo;^s is a collection of worksheets, reference cards, and
proj^niiniiiini^ luds for the ViC or 64.
Tax Preparation
Programs
Northland Accounting has pro-
duced three tax preparation
programs for the Commodore
64 and VIC-20. The programs
produce a line-by-line readout of
IRS Form 1040 and related
schedules. Updates for new tax
years will be published annually,
Tnxiiid / is for the un ex-
panded VIC-20. The program
directs its output to the monitor.
Tnxmd II is for a VIC-20 witli 16K.
Output can be directed to the
monitor or a printer. Taxtiid U! is
for the Commodore 64, with
output directed to the monitor
or printer.
Taxaid I is available on tape
for SI 9.95 or on disk for $24.95.
The other two versions are avail-
able on tape for $24.95 or on disk
for $29.95,
Northland Accounting, Inc.
Software Department
606 Secoud Aiv.
Two Harbors, MN 55616
(218)834-5012
COMPU TEl'i Cozette Jonuoryl984 165
NEWS&PRODUCTS
Universal Serial
Cable
Renaissance Technology has
produced the Universal Serial
Cable, which simplifies connec-
tions between RS-232 serial com-
puters and peripheral devices.
Built into the cable connec-
tors are sets of DIP switches that
can be set according to the re-
quirements of the devices being
connected. A cross-reference
chart of switch settings is in-
cluded with the cable.
The Universal Serial Cable
sells for $62.
RennissiiiiCL' Technology Corp,
1070 Shari) Circle
Concord, CA 94518
(415) 676-5757
Activity-
Planning
Software
SEi Enterprises has produced a
series of program.s designed to
help groups of users plan their
activities.
The programs, which cover
vacation, menu, and spending
plans, allow up to ten partici-
pants to enter their preferences
into the computer. Each person
is then given a chance to vote on
the suggestions made, and the
program tallies the results and
generates a printout.
The initial series is S24.95
and consists of four programs.
They are Acti-Trij), for trip
planning; Acti-Spctui, for spend-
ing priorities; Acti-Mi'iui, for
166 COMPUW.'sCazelte January 1984
The Uiiiversid Scriul Cable from Renaissance indmk'fi DIP switches in the
connectors to eliminate the need for specially wired cables.
meal planning; and Acti-Phu/,
designed for youngsters hi de-
termine how to spend their free
time.
The programs are available
for the Commodore 64 and the
VIC-20 with 8K expansion.
SEI Enterprise^T'
1 7 Scrpi Road
Highland Milts. NY 10930
Word Processor
For Commodore
64
Ensi/ Script 64, a word processing
program from Commodore Soft-
ware, is available for the Com-
modore 64.
Features of the program in-
clude selectable display colors;
hunt and find; search and replace;
function key editing; superscripts
and subscripts; vertical and hori-
zontal tabs; and the ability to
transfer words, phrases and
blocks within text. The program
includes a form-letter command,
and it offers optional sound effect
prompts.
Eofl]/ Script 64, which sells for
$49.95, also is compatible with
Ertst/ Spell 64, Commodore's
spelling checker.
Couiniodore Softimre
1200 Wilson Drive
West Chester, PA 19380
(215)431-9100
VIC Memory
Poster
Kevco has produced Inside the
VlC-20, a 27 by 2Mnch color
poster that shows the important
memory locations in the VIC.
The chart includes informa-
tion on the BASIC memory map,
video screens, sound and color,
as well as data on paddles, joy-
sticks and light pens.
The poster, which makes
often-used information avail-
NEWSScPRODUCTS
able at a glance, sells for $6.95.
A Commodore 64 version is
forthcoming.
Kevco Electrotiic and Software
Engineering
480 Georgia Court
Oaremonl, C A 91711
(714) 626-4148
Investment
Manager
Portfolio Manager is an investment
management program for the
Commodore 64 or 16K VIC-20
computers.
The program, which is the
first in a series of personal fi-
nance programs planned by
Basic Byte, allows the user to
easily record and compute stock
transactions. Portfolio Manager
sells for $29.95.
Basic Byte, Inc.
13WS Ludlow
Huntington Woods, MI 48070
aU) 545-6779
Property
Management
System
MicroSpec has introduced its
Rejital Property Manager program
for the Commodore 64.
With the program, a land-
lord can keep track of up to 200
rental units per diskette. The
program maintains 18 fields per
record, including information on
the property owner, the tenant,
the rent payment record, and
the availability of the unit.
The system, which requires
one disk drive, can produce a
variety of reports including ten-
ant lists, overdue rent Hsts, ex-
pired lease lists, vacancy lists,
and income and expense reports.
Rental Property Mnna<^er sells
for $179.95.
MicroSpec, Inc.
Box 836085
Piano, TX 75086
(214) 867-1333
Educational
Games For
Commodore 64
Bertamax has reached agreement
with Commodore Business
Machines to convert 21 educa-
tional programs for use on the
Commodore 64,
Among the programs being
converted are several programs
designed for children in kinder-
garten through third grade. The
titles include Number Match It,
Addition Match, Subtraction Match,
Multiplication Match, Dii'ision
Match, and six reading programs
in the Ston/ Mix series.
Other programs covered in
the agreement are: Spelling in
Context, a 308-Iesson program
available for grade levels one
through eight; Math Facts
Games- Set 2, a series of four
two-player math games; and
Number Cruncher, 30 lessons in
math and problem-solving skills.
Bertamax, Inc.
3647 Stomivay North
Seattle. WA 98103
(206) 547-4056
Spreadsheet For
VIC And 64
ESP>Calc is an electronic spread-
sheet planning calculator for
both the VIC and 64.
The same program runs on
both computers, and the size of
the spreadsheet is limited only
by computer memory. The man-
ual includes step-by-step in-
structions to help novice spread-
sheet users become accustomed
to the program.
ESP>Calc is designed to
handle things like household
budgets, heat and electric use,
stock portfolios, and rental prop-
erty analysis. The program also
includes printer options.
The cassette version of
ESP>Calc sells for $43.50; the di.sk
version is $47.50.
New Leaf Inc.
120 Lyutthaven
BcUfviUe, IL 62223
COMPUTEI'.s GAZETTE iivlcomes
announcements of new products for
VIC-20 and Commodore 64 computers,
especiaUy products aimed at beginning
to intermediate users. Please semi press
relenses and photos well in advaticc to:
Torn/ Roberts, Aiisistant Matunfiw,^
Editor, COMPUTER'S GAZETTE,
P.O. Box 5406. Greensboro, NC 27403.
Neio product releases are selected from
submissions for reasons o[ tiuicliness,
iwailabie sjiace, and general itUcrcst to
our readers. VS/e regret thai wcareu)mbie
to select all mm' product submissio)is for
publication. Readers should be aivare
that we present here some edited version
of material submitted by veiuiors ami are
unable to vouch for its accuracy/ at time of
publication. Q
COMPUTEI'i Cazsllc Jamjory198'l 167
How To Type In
COMPUTEVs Gazette Programs
Many of the programs which are listed in COM-
PUTE!'^ Gazette contain special control characters
(cursor control, color keys, inverse video, etc. ).
Tci make it easy lo know exactly what to type when
entering one oi' these programs into your com-
puter, we have established the following listing
conventions.
Generally, any VIC-2t) or Commodore 64
program listings will contain bracketed words
which spell out any special characters: (DOWN}
would mean to press the cursor down key. {5
SPACES} would mean lo press the space bar five
times.
To indicate that a key should be shifted (hold
down the SHIFT key while pressing the other
key}, the key would be underlined in our listings.
For example, S would mean to type the S key
while holding the shift key. This would appear
on your screen as a "heart" symbol. If you find
an underlined key enclosed in braces (e.g., {10
N 1), you should typo the key as many times as
indicated (in our example, you would enter ten
shifted N's}.
If a key is enclosed in special brackets, [t^,
you should hold down the 0)j»JH()(/n/r /vt-i/ while
pressing the key inside the special brackets. (The
Commodore key is the key in the lower left corner
of the keyboard.) Again, if the key is preceded by
a number, you should press the key as many times
as necessary.
Rarelv, you'll see a solitary letter of the al-
phabet enclosed in braces. These characters can
be entered on the Commodore 64 by holding down
When You Read
t CLEAR)
{home}
Piess:
See; When You Read:
siiirr
CLRiHowe
CIR'HOMH
tUP}
Idown)
J LEFT !
t RIGHT)
(RVS)
{off)
Ulk)
{WHTj
{red!
[shift j ^ CRSR ^ I ^j
♦ cRSk^ IE]
SH[fT
H-CRSR.»[H
CTRL
CTRL
^CRSH-»]
in]
irvi m
CTRL
{CYN}
[PURj
tGRN)
iBLU)
{YELJ
ill
m
153
163
the CTRL key while typing the letter in the braces.
For example, {A} would indicate that you should
press C'I'RL-A. You should never have to enter
such a character on the VlC-20, but if you do, you
would have lo leave the quote mode (press RE-
TURN and cursor back up to the position where
the control character should go), press CTRL-9
(RVS ON), the letter in braces, and then CTRL-0
(RVSOFF).
About ihe quote iitode: you know that you can
move the cursor around the screen with the CRSR
keys. Sometimes a programmer will want lo move
the cursor under program control. That's why
you see all the {LEFT}'s, {HOMEl's, and
{BLUl's in our programs. The only way ihe com-
puter can tell the difference between direct and
programmed cursor control is the quote mode.
Once you press the quote (the double quote,
SHlFT-2), you are in the quote mode. If you type
something and then try to change it by moving
the cursor left, you'll only get a bunch of reverse-
video lines. These are the symbols for cui'sor left.
The only editing key that isn't programmable is
the DFl^ key; you can still use DHL to back up and
edit the line. Once you type another quote, you
are out of quote mode.
You also go into quote mode when you IN-
SerT spaces into a line. In any case, the easiest
way to get out of qutite mode is to just press RE-
TURN. You'll then be out of quote mode and you
can cursor up to the mistyped line and fix il.
Use the following table when entering cursor
and color control keys:
Press:
CTRL
See:
IS
CTRL
1 '
CTRL
7
CTRL
1 •
11
12
U
14
n
II,
~"
□
En
C3
0
When You Read: Press:
E83
(Fl) ra?
(F2) IS
[F4) WE
[F5) BE
[P6 3 OE
tP7) OS
IFS) OE
See:
□
UB COMPUTEI'sGazeHc January 1984
A Beginner's Guide
To Typing In Programs
What Is A Program?
A computer cannot piTforni any task by itself.
Like a car without gas, a com pu tor has iHiU'iitial.
but vvitht>ul a program, it isn't going anywhere.
Most of the prtigrams published in COMPUTEl'ii
Gazette for Qimmodore are written in a computer
language called BASIC, BASIC is easy to learn
and is built into al! VIC-20s and Commodore 64s.
BASIC Programs
Each month, COMPUTEI's Gazette for Commodore
publishes programs for both the VIC and M. To
start out, type in only programs written for your
machine, e.g., "VIC Version" if you have a VIC-20,
Later, when you gain experience with vour com-
puter's BASIC, you can tr\' typing in and converting
certain programs from another computer to yoiu's.
Computers can be picky. Unlike the linglish
language, which is full of ambiguities, BASIC usu-
ally has only one "right w^ay" of stating something.
Every letter, character, or number is significant. A
common mistake is substituting a letter such as
"O" for the numeral "0", a lowercase "I" for the
numeral "I", or an uppercase "B" for the niuneral
"8". Also, you must enter all punctuation such as
colons and commas just as they appear in the
magazine. Spacing can be important. To be safe,
type in the- listings exact hf as they appear.
Brackets And Special Characters
The e.vception to this typing rule is when you see
the curved bracket, such as "IDOWN}", Any-
thing within a set of brackets is a special character
or characters that cannot easily be listed on a print-
er. When you come across such a special state-
ment, refer to "How To Type In COMPUTEI's
Gazette Programs."
About DATA Statements
Some prtjgrams contain a section or sections of
DATA statements. These lines provide information
needed by the program. Some DATA statements
contain actual programs (called machine language);
others contain graphics codes. These tines are espe-
cially sensitive to errors.
If a single number in any one DATA statement
is mistyped, your machine could "lock up," or
"crash." The keyboard and STOP key mav seem
"dead," and the screen may go blank. Don't panic
- no damage is done. To regain control, you have
to turn off your computer, then turn it back on.
This will erase whatever program was in memor)',
s(i ahimjs SAVE a eojn/ ofi/oiir piv;^ratii before \/oii RUN
it. If your computer crashes, you cah LOAD the
program and look for your mistake.
Sometimes a mistyped DATA statement will
cause an error message when the program is RUN.
Tlie error me.ssage mav refer to the program line
that READs the data, fite envr f's still in tite DATA
slatenwuta, though.
Get To Know Your Machine
You should familiarize yourself with your com-
puter before attempting to type in a program.
Learn the statements you use to store and retrieve
programs from tape or disk. You'll want to save a
copy of your program, so that you won't have to
type il in every lime you want tti use it. Learn to
use your machine's editing functions. How do
you change a line if you made a mistake? You can
always retype the line, but you at least need to
know how to backspace. Do you know how to
enter inverse video, lowercase, and control char-
acters? It's all explained in your computer's
manuals.
A €tuick Review
1) Type in the program a line at a time, in order.
Press RETURN at the end of each line. Use back-
space or the back arrow to correct mistakes.
2) Check the line you've typed against the line in
the magazine. You can check the entire program
again if you get an error when you RUN the
program.
3) Make sure you've entered statements in brack-
ets as the appropriate control key (see "How To
Type COMPUTEI's Gazette Programs" elsewhere
in the magazine.)
Wc rf>^yet that uv ttre not able to respoiut to iiitliviiiual
iiu]uiiicfinlHnit /ird^^'ivvjHS, invducls, or service::; ap-
pearing ill COMPUTEI's C.i/.ette for Coiiiuitkioiv
due to njCTOis/jix piil'licalion (U'tii^itu- Oir those iit'
frequent oe cantons wlieii a pidtlislieit pio;^nini contains
a typo, tite correction will appear in lite iiui\;azine,
nsnalhf within i'(\'/;/ uvcks. ! ft/on iiinv specific
tjtieslions about itents or piv^irants which poiive seen
in COMPUTEI's Gazetti? for Conunodoiv, please
send titem to Gazette fcedimck, P.O. Bo.x.5406,
Greensboro, NC 27403.
COMPUWs Gazelle Januory 1984 169
The Automatic Proofreader
"The Automntic Proofreader" will help you type in program
listings from CClMI'UTHI's Giizi'tto vvilhinM typing mistakes. Il
is a siiort error-checking progr.im that hides itself in memory.
When activated, it lots you know immediately dfler t\'ping a
line from a program listing if you have made a mistake.
Please read these instructions carefully before typing imy
programs in COMPUTl-;!'sG,i/flUv
Preparing The Proofreader
1. Using the listing below, type in the Proofrt'ader. The
same program works on both tlie VIC-2t) and Commodore
64. Be very careful when entering the DATA statements —
don't type an I instead of a 1 , an O instead of a I), extra
commas, etc,
2. SAVE the Proofreader on tape or disk at least twice
ivfcrc rujiitin}^ it for tlw first time. This is very important because
the Proofreader erases this pari of ilsclf when you first type
RUN.
3. After the Proofreader is SAVEd, type RUN. It will
chock itself for typing enors in the DATA statements and
tvarn you if there's a mistake. Correct any errors and SAVI-
the corrected version. Keep a copy in a safe place — you'll
need it again and again, every time you enter a program
from COMPUTI^I's Ga/etle.
4. When a correct version of the Proofreader is RUN, it
activates itself. You are now ready to enter a program listing.
If you press RUN/STOP-RHSTORE, the Proofreader is dis-
abled. To reactivate it, just type the command SYS 886 and
press RETURN.
Using The Proofreader
All VIC and (A listings in COMl'UTE!'.-; Cwiicelte now have a
checksum ;ji»/if)rr appended to the end of each line, for example
"rrem 123". Don't enter this sttilenh'iit when /j/;'('i,i; hi u pmgmni.
It is just for Vivur information. The rem makes the number
harmless if sotneonc does tj'pc it in. It will, howe\'er, use up
memory if you enter it, and it will confuse the Proofreader,
even if you entered the rest of the line correctly.
When you type in a line from a program li.sting and
press RETURN, Ihe Proofreader displays a number at Ihe
top of your scri'en. I'his checksum niiinhcr must mulch the
checksum mimber in the printed listini^. If il doesn't, it means
you typed the line differently than the way it is listed. Im-
mediately recheckyour typing. Remember, don't lype the
rem statement with the checksum number; it is published
only so you can check il against the number which appears _
on your screen.
The Proofreader is nut picky with spaces. It will not
notice extra spaces or missing ones. This is for your conven- _
ience, since spacing is generally not important. Hut occasion-
ally proper spacing is important, so be extra careful with
spaces, since the Proofreader will catch practically everything
else that can go wrong.
There's another thing to watch out lor: if you enter the
line by using abbreviations for commands, the checksum
will not match up. But llu-re is a way Iti make the Proofreader
check it. After entering Ihe line, LIST it. This eliminates the
abbreviations. Then move the cursor up to the line and press
RETURN, It should now match the checksum. You can check
whole groups of lines this way.
Special Tape SAVE Instructions
When you're done typing a listing, you must disable the
Proofreader before SAVEing the program on tape, Disable
170 COMFUm's Gazelle Januar/ 1984
Ihe I'roofreader by pressing RUN/STOP-RESTORE (hold
down the RUN/STOP key and sharply hit Ihe RESTORE
key). This procedure is not nece.ssary for disk S.AVEs, hit i/oti
must diml'lf Ihe Prwfremier this wm/ Iwfore a tape SAVE.
SAVE to tape erases the Proofreader from memory, so
you'll have to lOAD and RUN it again if you want to lype
another listing. SAVE to disk does not erase the Proofreader.
Replace Original Proofreader
If yuu typed in Ihe original version tif Ihe Proofreader (Oc-
tober 1983 issue), you should replace it with the improved
version below. We added a POKE to Ihe original version to
protect it from being erased when you LOAD another pro-
gram from tape. The POKE does protect Ihe Proofreader,
and the I'roofreader itself was not affected. I lowever, a
quirk in the VlC-2()'s operating system means lliai programs
typed in with the Proofreader and SAVCd on Uipe cannot be
LOADed properly later. If you LOAD a program SAVEd
while the Proofreader was in memory, you see ?LOAD
ERROR, rhis applies only to VIC tape SAVEs (disk SAVEs
work OK, and the i|uirk was fixed in the Commodore 64).
If you have a program typed in with Ihe original I'roof-
reader and SAVKd on tape, follow this special LOAD
procedure:
1. Turn the power off, Ihen on.
2. LOAD the program frt>m tape {disregard the?LOAD
ERROR).
3. Enter: POKE43,PEEK(174):POKE46,PLEK(I75);CLR
4. ReSAVE the program to tape.
The program will LOAD fine in the future. We strongly
recommend that you type in the new version of the Proof-
reader and discard Ihe old one.
Automatic Proofreader For VIC And 64
100 PRINT" {CLRj PLEASE WAIT. . . " : PORI=a86TO
i0l8:READA:CK=CK+A:POKEI,A:NEXT
H0 IF CK<> 17539 THEN PRINT" i DOWN] YOU MAD
E AN ERROR" SPRINT" IN DATA STATEMENTS.
" ! END
120 SYS836:PRINT"{CLR) (2 DOWN) PROOFREADER
ACTIVATED.": NEW
886 DATA 173,036,003,201,150,208
892 DATA 001,096,141,151,003,173
898 DATA 037,003,141,152,003,169
904 DATA 150,141,036,003,169,003
910 DATA 141,037,003,169,000,133
916 DATA 254,096,032,087,241,133
922 DATA 251,134,252,132,253,006
928 DATA 201,013,240,017,201,032
934 DATA 240,005,024,101,254,133
940 DATA 254,165,251,166,252,164
946 DATA 253,040,096,169,013,032
952 DATA 210,255,165,214,141,251
958 DATA 003,206,251,003,169,000
964 DATA 133,216,169,019,032,210
970 DATA 255,169.018,032,210,255
976 DATA 169,058,032,210,255,166
982 DATA 254, 169, 00B, 133, 254, 172
988 DATA 151,003,192,087,208,006
994 DATA 032,205,189,076,23 5,003
1000 DATA 032,265,221,169,032,032
1006 DATA 210,255,032,210,255,173
1012 DATA 251,003,133,214,076,173
1018 DATA &03
1
1kJ|¥ ^F Machine Language
AVllitfk Entry Program
For Commodore 64 And VIC- 20 Charles Brannon, Program Editor
MLX is a labor-saving utilit}' ttiat allows almost
failsafe entry of machine language programs pub-
lished in cOMPUTEI's GAZETTE. You need to know
nothing about machine language to use MLX — it
was designed for everyone. There are separate
versions for the Commodore 64 and expanded
VIO20 (at least 8K). MLX was conceived and writ-
ten by Program Editor Charles Brannon. Important:
MLX is required to type in the maciiine language
programs in this issue.
MLX is a new way to enter long machine liinguajL^e
(ML) programs with a minimum of fuss. MLX lels ycni
enter tfie numbers from a special list that looks similar
to BASIC DATA statements. It checks your typing on a
line-by-line basis. It won't let you enter illegal charac-
ters when you should be typing numbers. It won't let
you tmtor numbers greater than 253 (forbidden in ML),
it won't let you enter the wrong numhers on the wrong
line. In addition, MLX creates a ready-to-use tape or
disk file. You can then use the LOAD command to read
the program into the computer, as with any program:
LOAD "filename",!,! (for tape)
LOAD "fileniime",8,l (for disk)
l"o start the program, you cntt-ra SYS ci>mmand
that transfers control from BASIC to niachine language.
The starting SYS number always appears in the appro-
priate article.
Using MLX
Type in and save the correct version of MLX for your
computer (you'll want to use it in the future). When
you're ready to type in an ML program, run MLX,
MLX asks you for two numbers: the starting address
and the ending address. These numbers are given in
the article accompanying the ML program.
You'll see a prompt corresponding to the starting
address. The prompt is the current line you are entering
from the listing. It ijicrea.ses by six each timi' you enter
a line. That's because each line has seven numbers — six
actual data numbers plus a diccksutn iiiiuibir. The
checksum verifies that you typed the previous six num-
bers correctly. If you enter any of the six numbers
wrong, or enter the checksum wrong, the computer
rings a buzzer and prompts you to reenter the line. If
you enter it correctly, a bell tone sounds and you con-
tinue to the next line.
MLX accepts only numbers as input. It you make
a typing error, press the INST/DEL key; the entire
number is deleted. You can press it as many times as
necessary hack to the start of the line. If you enter
three-digit numbers as listed, the computer automati-
cally prints the comma and gcies on to accept the next
number. If you enter less than three digits, you can
press either the comma, SPACH bar, or RETURN key
to advance to the next number. The checksum auto-
matically appears in inverse video for emphasis.
MLX Commands
When you finish typing an ML listing (assuming you
type it all in one session) you can then save the com-
pleted program on tape or disk. Folknv the screen
instructions. If you get any errors while saving, you
probably have a bad disk, or the disk is full, or you've
made a typo when entering the MLX program itselL
You don't have to enter the whole ML program in
one sitting. MLX lets you enter as much as you want,
save it, and then reload the file from tape or disk later.
MLX recognizes these commands:
SHIFT-S: Save SHIFT-N: New Address
SHIFT-L: Load SHIFT-D: Display
When you enter a command, MLX jumps out of
the line you've been typing, so we recommend you do
it at a new prompt. Use the Save command to save
what you've been working on. It will save on tape or
disk as if you've finished, but the tape or disk won't
work, of course, imtil you finish the typing. Remember
what address you stop at. The next time you run MLX,
answer all the prompts as you did before, then insert
the disk or tape. When ytvu get to the entry prompt,
press SI UFT-L to reload the partly completed file into
memory. Then use the Neiv Address command to
resume typing.
To use the New Address command, press SHIFT-N
and enter the address where you previously stopped.
The prompt will change, and you can then continue
typing. Always enter a New Address that matches up
with one of the line numbers in the special listing, or
else the checksum won't work. The Display command
lets you display a sectit>n of your typing. After you
press SI HFT-D, enter two addresses within the line
number range of the listing. You can abort the listing
by pressing any key.
The special MLX commands may seem a bit con-
hising, but as you work with MLX, they will become
valuahle. For example, what if you forgot where you
stopped typing? Use the Display couimand to scan
memory from the beginning to the end of the program.
When you reach the end of your typing, the lines will
contain a random pattern of numhers. When you see
the end of your typing, press any key to stop the listing.
Use the New Address command to continue typing
from the proper location.
You can use the Save and Ltvad commands to
make copies of the completed program. Use Load to
reload the tape or disk, then insert a new tape or disk
and use Save to make a nevv copy.
Be sure to save MLX; it will be used for futurOfML
programs in COMVUnV.'s GAZETTE.
See program lisfhij^s ini jm^^e TS4. ^
COMPUTEI's Gaielte Joiigory 19B4 171
SpeedScript
(Article o« page 35.)
BEFORE TYPING...
Before typing in programs, please refer to "How
To Type COMPUTEI's Gazette Programs/' "A
Beginner's Guide To Typing In Programs/' and
"Tne Automatic Proofreader" that appear before
the Program Listings.
Program !:
SpeedScrlpt — Commodore 64 Version
2049
:011
008
,010
,000
,158
,050
,238
2055
:048
054
,049
,000
,000
,000
, 158
2061
:032
103
,009
,076
,193
,009
,179
2067
tl65
251
,141
,051
,008
,165
,032
2073
:252
141
,052
,008
,165
,253
,128
2079
:141
054
,008
,165
,254
,141
,026
2085
:055
008
,166
181
,240
,032
207
2091
:169
000
141
186
026
,160
213
2097
:000,
185
000
000
153
000
131
2103
:000,
200<
204
186
026
208,
111
2109
:244,
238
052
008
238
055,
128
2115
I00S,
224,
000,
240,
007,
202,
236
2121
■ 208,
224,
165,
180,
208,
222,
000
2127
1096,
165,
181,
170,
005,
180,
108
2133
:208,
001,
096,
024,
138,
101,
141
2139
:252,
141,
123,
008,
165,
251,
007
2145
il41,
122,
008,
024,
138,
101,
119
2151
:254,
141,
126,
008,
165,
253,
026
21S7
!141,
125,
008,
232,
164,
180,
191
2163
1208,
004,
240,
013,
160,
255,
227
2169
:185,
000,
000,
153,
000,
000,
203
2175
:136,
192,
255,
208,
245,
206,
089
2181
:123,
008,
206,
126,
008,
202,
038
2187
:208,
234,
096,
169,
040,
133,
251
2193
:195,
133,
020,
169,
004,
133,
031
2199
:196,
169,
216,
133,
021,
173,
035
2205
Jl82,
026,
133,
155,
173,
183,
241
2211
:026,
133,
156,
162,
001,
173,
046
2217
:ia5.
026,
133,
012,
173,
195,
125
2223
:026,
141,
032,
208,
160,
000,
230
2229
:173,
194,
026,
145,
020,
177,
148
2235
:155,
153,
196,
026,
200,
041,
190
2241
:127,
201,
031,
240,
019,
192,
235
2247
!040,
208,
235,
136,
177,
155,
126
2253
:041,
127,
201,
032,
240,
005,
083
2259
(136,
208,
245,
160,
039,
200,
175
2265
:132,
167,
136,
185,
196,
026,
035
2271
!l45,
195,
136,
016,
248,
164,
103
2277
:167,
024,
152,
101,
155,
133,
193
2283
!155,
165,
156,
105,
000,
133,
181
2289
:156,
152,
157,
060,
003,
192,
193
2295
:040,
240,
008,
169,
032,
145,
113
2301
:195,
200,
076,
246,
008,
024,
234
2307
(165,
195,
105,
040,
133,
195,
068
2313
!133,
020,
144,
004,
230,
196,
224
2319
:230,
021,
232,
224,
025,
240,
219
2325
:003,
076,
179,
008,
165,
155,
095
2331
:141,
192,
026,
165,
156,
141,
080
2337
;193,
026,
096,
169,
000,
133,
138
2343
:155,
141,
182,
026,
141,
188,
104
2349
i026.
133,
038,
169,
028,
133,
060
2355
:156,
141,
183,
026,
141,
189,
119
2361
:026,
133,
039,
169,
032,
162,
106
2367 1179,160,255,198,156,145,132
2373 : 155, 200, 230, 156, 145, 155,086
2379 : 200, 208, 251, 230, 156, 202, 042
2385 : 208, 246, 145, 155, 096, 133,040
2391 : 167, 132, 168, 160,000, 177, 123
2397 Jl67, 240,006, 032, 210, 255, 23 5
2403 s200, 208, 246, 096, 169,012,006
2409 :141, 195,026, 169, 038, 133,039
2415 (001,169,011,141,194,026,141
2421 (032,036,009,169,000,141,248
2427 (185,026,032, 115, 015, 169, 153
243 3 (255,141,138,002,032,245,174
2439 :012,032, 150, 009, 169, 100,095
2445 J 160, 025, 032, 086, 009, 238, 179
2451 :184,026,096, 032, 166,009, 148
2457 : 169, 085, 160, 02 5, 032, 086, 198
2463 (009,169,000,141,184,026, 176
2469 (096,162,039,169,032,157,052
2475 (000,004, 202,016,250, 169,044
2481 (019,076,210, 255,072,041,082
2487 !128,074,133,167,104,041,062
2493 (063,005,167,096,160,000,168
2499 (177,038,133,002, 160,000, 193
2505 (177,038,073,128,145,038,032
2511 (032,142,008,032,228, 25 5, 136
2517 (208,013, 165, 162,041,016,050
2523 :240, 245, 169, 000, 133, 162, 144
2529 :076, 199,009, 170, 160,000,071
2535 (165,002,145,038,224,095,132
2541 (208,012,032,160,011,169,061
2547 S032, 160,000,145,038,076, 182
2553 (193,009,173,184,026,240,050
2559 (007,138,072,032,150,009, 151
2565 (104,170,138,201,013,208,071
2571 :002, 162, 095, 138, 041 , 127 , 064
2577 : 201, 032, 144, 070, 224, 160,080
2583 (208,002,162,032, 138,072,125
2589 :173, 185,026, 240,003, 032, 176
2595 (140,014,104,032,181,009,003
2601 (160,000,145,038,032,142,046
2607 (008,056, 165,038,237,188, 227
2613 (026,133,167,165,039,237,052
2619 : 189, 026, 005, 167, 144,014,092
2625 :165,038,105,000, 141,188, 190
2631 (026,165,039, 105,000, 141,035
2637 (189,026,230,038,208,002,002
2643 (230,039,032,231,010,076,189
2649 (193,009,138,174,125,010,226
2655 1221,125,010,240,006,202,131
2661 (208,248,076,193,009,202,013
2667 Jl38,010, 170, 169,009,072, 163
2673 (169,192,072,189, 162,010, 139
2679 (072,189,161,010,072,096, 207
2685 1035,029,157,137,133,002, 106
2691 ! 012, 138, 134, 020, 148, 004, 075
2697 (019,009,147,135,139,005,079
2703 (136,140,022,145,017,159,250
2709 : 018, 024, 026, 016, 028, 030, 035
2715 (006,001,011,008,031,003,215
2721 (150,011,159,011,170,011,161
2 727 : 227, 011, 054, 012, 066, 012, 037
2733 1080,012,179,012,231,013,188
2739 (139,014,014,014,083,014,201
2 745 (201,014, 225, 014, 253, 014, 138
2751 (024,015,185,015,222,017,157
275 7 (205,016,043,018,080,012,059
2763 (179,012,111,018,118,019,148
2 769 (023,020,028,012,108,020,164
2 775 (186,017, 107,023, 002,014,052
2 781 (039,020,244,012,210,02 3,001
172 COMI'UTE!'', CazDllD January 1984
2787 : 052, 025, 122,014,032,071,031
2793 1011,056.165,038.237,182,154
2799 1026,133,167,165,039,237,238
2805 t 183, 026, 005, 167, 176, 030, 064
2811 ;056, 173, 182, 026, 233, 000, 153
2817 :133, 167,173,183,026,233, 148
2823 !028,005, 167, 240,013, 165, 113
2829 : 038, 141, 182, 026, 165, 039, 092
2835 :141, 183,026, 032, 142,008,039
2841 S056, 173, 192,026, 229,038, 227
2847 : 133, 155, 173, 193,026,229, 172
2853 : 039, 133 , 156 , 005, 155 , 240, 253
2859 S002, 176,024, 024, 173, 182, 112
2865 1026,109,061,003,141,182,059
2871 t026, 173, 183, 026, 105, 000, 056
2877 :141, 183, 026, 032, 142, 008, 081
2883 ;076,025,011,096,056,173,248
2889 1188,026,233,000,133,167,052
2895 1173,189,026,233,207,005,144
2901 : 167, 144, 010, 169,000, 141 , 204
2907 : 188,026, 169, 207, 141, 189, 243
2913 ; 026, 056, 165, 038, 233, 000, 103
2919 :133, 167, 165, 039, 233, 028, 100
2925 1005,167,176,009, 169, 000, 123
2931 :133,038, 169,028,133,039, 143
2937 :096,056,165,038,237,188,133
2943 :026, 133, 167, 165, 039, 237, 126
2949 :189, 026,005, 167, 176,001, 185
2955 :096,173,18a, 026, 133, 038, 025
2961 :173,189,026, 133,039,096,03 3
2967 :230,038,20B,002, 230,039, 130
2973 !076,231,010, 165,038,208, 117
2979 1002, 198, 039, 198,038, 076, 202
2985 :231,010, 165,038,133, 155,133
2991 : 165,039, 133, 156, 198, 156, 254
2997 :160, 255, 177, 155, 201,032, 137
3003 : 240, 004, 201, 031, 208,003, 106
3009 :136, 208, 243, 177, 155, 201,033
3015 :032,240,008,201,031,240,183
3021 : 004 , 136 , 208 , 243 , 096 , 1 32 , 000
3027 :167, 056, 165, 155, 101, 167, 254
3033 : 133, 038, 165,156,105,000,046
3039 :133,039, 076, 231,010, 160, 104
3045 ;000, 177, 038, 201,032, 240, 149
3051 :008, 201, 031, 240, 004, 200, 151
3057 j208, 243, 096, 200, 240, 025, 229
3063 :177,038,201,032,240,247,158
3069 :201,031,240,243,024,152,120
3075 : 101, 038, 133, 038, 165, 039, 005
3081 : 105, 000, 133,039,076,231,081
3087 :010, 173, 188, 026, 133, 038,071
3093 :173,189,026, 133,039,076, 145
3099 : 013, 012, 169, 000, 141, 182, 032
3105 :026, 173, 189,026, 056, 233, 224
3111 :004, 201, 028, 176,002, 169, 107
3117 :028, 141, 183,026,032, 142,085
3123 :008,076,016,012,238,195,0a4
3129 !026, 173, 195, 026, 041,015, 021
3135 il41, 195,026,096, 238, 194, 185
3141 !026, 173, 194,026,041, 015,032
3147 : 141 , 194, 026, 076, 142 , 008, 150
3153 :165,038,133,155,165,039,008
3159 :133, 156, 198, 156, 160, 255, 121
3165 : 177, 155, 201, 046, 240, 01 2, 156
3171 : 201, 033, 240, 008, 201, 063, 077
3177 j240, 004, 201,031, 208, 004, 02 5
3183 :136, 208, 235,096, 177, 155,094
3189 : 201,046, 240, 026, 201, 033, 096
3195 : 240, 022, 201, 063, 240,018, 139
3201 ; 201, 031, 240, 014, 136,203,191
3207 !235, 198, 156, 165, 156, 201, 222
3213 :000,176,227,076,169,012„033
3219 ! 132, 167, 198, 167, 200, 240, 227
322 5 1010,177,15 5,201,032,240,200
3231 :247, 136,076, 210,011, 164,235
3237 : 167, 076, 115,012, 169, 000, 192
3243 : 13 3, 038, 169, 028, 133, 039, 199
3249 :076, 231,010, 160,000,177,063
3255 1038,201,046,240,029,201,170
3261 :033, 240,02 5, 201,063, 240, 223
3 267 :021, 201, 031, 240, 017, 200, 137
3273 : 208, 235, 230, 039, 165,039,093
3279 ! 205, 189,026, 240, 226, 144, 213
3285 :224, 076,016, 012, 200, 240, 213
3291 :250,177,03a,201,032,240,133
3297 : 247, 201, 046, 240, 243, 201, 123
3 303 103 3,240,239,201,063,240,223
3309 :235, 201,031,240, 231,076, 227
3315 :001,012, 169,000, 141, 130, 184
3321 :027, 169, 208, 141, 131, 027, 184
3327 5 032,166,009, 169, 120, 160, 143
3333 : 025, 032, 086, 009, 169,001,071
33 39 : 141, 184, 026, 096, 056, 165, 167
3345 !038,233,000, 133, 167, 165,241
3351 !039, 233,028, 005, 167, 208, 191
3357 :003, 104,104,096, 165,038,027
3363 : 133, 251, 165, 039, 133, 252, 240
3369 1096,056,165,038,133,253,014
3375 !073,255,101,251, 141, 134,234
3381 5 027,165,039,133,254,073,232
3387 1 255, 101, 252, 141, 135, 027, 202
3393 tl65, 251, 141, 136,027, 165, 182
3399 »252, 141, 137,027, 165, 253,022
3405 :141, 138,027,133,251, 165, 164
3411 : 254, 141, 139, 027, 133, 252, 005
3417 :024, 173, 135, 027, 109, 131, 176
3423 !027, 201,255, 144,020,032,006
3429 :166,009, 169, 13 5, 160,025, 253
3435 : 032, 086, 009, 169, 001, 141,033
3441 :184,026, 169,000, 133, 198,055
3447 : 096, 173, 130, 027, 133, 2 53, 163
3453 :173, 131,027, 133,254, 173,248
3459 : 134, 027, 133, 180, 024, 109, 226
3465 : 130, 027, 141, 130,02 7,173,253
3471 ;135,027,133, 181, 109,131,091
3477 :027, 141, 131,027, 169,000,132
3483 : 141, 026, 208, 169, 032, 133, 096
3489 : 001, 032, 019, 008, 169,038,172
3495 1133,001,169,001,141,026,126
3501 !20B, 173, 136,027, 133, 251,077
3507 :173, 137,027, 133,252, 173,050
3513 :138, 027, 133, 253, 173, 139, 024
3519 : 027, 133, 254, 056, 173, 188, 254
3525 ;026, 229, 253, 133, 180, 173, 167
3531 : 189,026, 229, 254, 133, 181, 191
3537 :032,019,008,056,173,188,173
3543 : 026, 237, 134,027, 141,188,200
3549 :026, 173, 189,026, 237, 135, 239
3555 : 027, 141, 189,026,096,032,226
3561 :0i5, 013, 032, 160,011, 032, 240
3567 :042,013,056,173,130,027,16a
3573 : 233, 001, 141, 130,027, 173,182
3579 ! 131,027, 23 3,000, 141, 131, 146
3585 :027, 096, 032, 151,011, 032, 094
COMPUTEfs GaiOtc JonuQryl984 173
3591 1015,013,032,160,011,076,058
3597 :042,013,032, 245, 012, 169,014
3603 : 002, 133, 012, 032, 166, 009, 117
3609 :169, 147, 160,02 5,032,086, 132
3615 : 009, 032, 228, 255, 240, 2 51,022
3621 !072,032, 150,009,104,041, 189
3627 :191, 201,023, 208,009,032,195
363 3 : 015, 01 3, 03 2, 171, 011, 076, 111
3639 :042, 013, 201,019, 208, 009,035
3645 :032,015, 013,032, 081, 012, 245
3651 :076, 042, 013, 201,016, 208, 111
365 7 1009,032,015,013,032,025, 199
3663 :015,076, 042,013, 096, 056, 121
3669 :165,03a, 237, 182,026, 133,098
3675 : 167, 165, 039, 2 37, 183, 026, 140
36S1 : 005, 167, 240, 011 , 173, 182, 107
026, 13 3,038,173, 183,026, 170
133,039,096,169,000,133,167
038,169,028,133,039,076,086
231,010,160,005,140,156,055
027,032,140,014,172,156,156
027, 136, 208, 244,076, 228,028
011,024,165,038, 133,251,249
105,001, 133, 253, 165,039,073
13 3,252,105,000, 133,2 54,004
056, 173,188,026, 229, 253,058
133,180,173,189,026,229,069
2 54,133,181,201,255,208,121
006,169,001,133, 180, 230,126
181,032,080,008, 160,000,130
3 771 :169,032,145,038,238,188,229
3777 1026,208,003,238,189,026,115
3783 !076,013,012,173,185,026,172
3789 : 073, 014, 141, 185,026,096,228
3795 J 169, 162, 160, 025, 032, 086, 077
3801 1009,03 2,228,2 55,240,251,208
1201,089,096, 169,002, 133, 145
1012,032, 166,009, 169, 185,034
1160,025,032,086,009,032,067
:2H, 014, 240, 003, 076, 150,167
1009,162,25 5,154,076,013,148
3837 1008, 160,000, 177,038, 201,069
3843 : 031, 240, 015, 200, 208, 247, 176
:230,039, 165,039, 205, 189, 108
1026,144,238,076,016,012,015
1200,076,001,012, 165,038,001
:133, 155, 165,039, 133, 156,040
1198,156,160,255,177,155,110
3879 :201, 031, 240, 016, 136, 192, 087
3885 i255, 208,245, 198, 156, 165,248
156,201,028,176,2 37,076,157
169,012,056,152,101,15 5,190
133,155, 169,000, 101, 156,009
133,156,056,165,155,229,195
038,133,167,165,156,229,195
039,005,167,208,018,132,138
3927 1167,024,165, 155, 229, 167, 226
3933 1133,155,165,156,233,000,167
3939 1133,156,076,043,015,165,175
3945 1155,133,038,165,156,133,117
3951 1039,076,231,010,120,169,244
3957 1127,141,013,220, 169,027,046
3963 1141,017,208,169,146,141,177
3969 1020,003,169,015, 141,021,242
3975 1003,169,001,141,026,208,171
3981 1 141 , 018, 208, 088, 096, 169,093
3987 1058,164,012,205,018,208,044
3993 1208,005, 169,001, 172,195,135
1 7') COMPUTEI's Gazelfe January 1 98'!
3687
3693
3699
3705
3711
3717
3723
3729
3735
3741
3747
3753
3759
3765
3807
3813
3819
3825
3831
3849
3855
3861
3867
3873
3891
3897
3903
3909
3915
3921
3999 1026,140,033,208,141,018,213
4005 :208, 201,001, 240,008, 169, 224
4011 1001, 141, 025, 208, 076, 188, 042
4017 i254, 169,001, 141,025,208,207
4023 1076,049,234,173,141,002,090
4029 1041,001,208,003,032,245,207
4035 1012,032,166,009,169,200,015
4041 t 160, 025, 032 , 086 , 009, 160, 161
4047 1000,177,038,073, 128,145,000
4053 1038,03 2,142,008,160,000,081
4059 :177,038,073, 128, 145,038,050
4065 1169,002,133,012,032,228,033
4071 1255,240,251,009,064,201,227
4077 1087,208,009,032,022,016,099
4083 1032,228,011,076,037,016,131
4089 : 201 , 083 , 208, 009 , 032, 022 , 036
4095 1016,032, 180,012,076,037,096
4101 1016, 201,080, 208,009,032,039
4107 1022,016,032,2 54,014,076,169
4113 1037,016,076,150,009,165,214
4119 1038,133,253,141,045,027,148
4125 1165,039,133,254,141,046,039
4131 1027,096,056,165,038,133,038
4137 1251,237,045,027,141,134,108
4143 1027,165,039,133,252,237,132
4149 1046,027,141,135,02 7,032,205
4155 1065,013,17 3,045,027,133,003
4161 1038,173,046,02 7,13 3,039,009
4167 1032,142,008,076,206,015,038
4173 1169,038,229,211, 141,190,031
4179 1026,169,000,141,158,027,092
4185 1160,000,169,156,032,210,048
4191 1255,169,018,032,210,255,010
4197 1169,032,032, 210, 255, 169,200
4203 1157,032, 210, 255, 140, 191,068
4209 1026,032,228,255,240,251,121
4215 1172,191,026,133,167,169,209
4221 : 146,032, 210, 255, 169,032, 201
4227 1032,210,25 5,169,157,032,218
4233 1210,255,169,155,032,210,144
4239 1255,165,167,201,013,240,160
4245 1046,201,020,208,015,136,007
4251 1016,004,200,076,091,016,046
42 57 1169,157,032,210,25 5,076,036
4263 1091,016,041,127,201,032,163
4269 1144,172,204, 190,026,240,125
4275 1167,165,167,153,236,026,069
4281 1032,210,255,169,000,133,216
4287 1212,200,076,091,016,032,050
4293 : 210, 255, 169, 000, 153, 236, 196
4299 1026,152,096,032,166,009,172
4305 1169,237,160,02 5,032,086,150
4311 1009,032,051,017,176,031,019
4317 1169,000,133,155,169,028,107
4323 1133,156,174,188,026,172,052
4329 1189,026,169,155,032,216,252
4335 : 255, 176, 010, 032, 183, 255, 126
4341 1041, 191, 208, 003, 076, 028, 024
4347 1018, 240,039, 17 3,050,017,020
4353 : 201, 008, 144,006,03 2, 169,049
4359 1023, 076, 028, 017, 173, 050, 118
4365 1017,201,001,240,249,032,241
4371 1166,009, 169, 243, 160,025,023
4377 1032,086,009,03 2,115,015,058
4383 ! 169, 001, 141, 184,026,096, 136
4389 :032, 166,009,169, 254,160,059
4395 :025> 032, 086,009, 076,028, 043
4401 1017,000,032,077,016,240,175
4407 :024, 169, 029, 160, 026, 032,239
4413 :086,009,032,228,255,240,143
4419 :251, 162,008, 201,068,240,229
442 5 : 01 2, 162, 001, 201, 084, 240,005
4431 : 006, 032, 150, 009, 104, 104, 228
4437 :096, 142,050,017, 169,001,048
4443 ; 160, 000, 032, 186, 255, 160, 116
4449 : 000, 224, 001, 240,042, 185,021
4455 ;236,026, 201,064, 208,007,077
4461 : 185 , 237 , 026, 201 , 058, 240, 032
4467 !028, 169,048, 141, 020,027, 036
4473 :169,058, 141,021,027, 185,210
4479 : 236,026, 153,02 2,027,200,023
4485 ; 204, 191,026, 144,244,240,158
4491 :242, 200, 076, 156, 017, 185,247
4497 :236,026, 153,020,027,200,039
4503 :204, 191, 026, 208, 244, 140, 140
4509 : 044, 027, 032, 166,009,169,092
4515 :236, 160,026,032,086,009, 200
4521 ! 173, 044, 027, 162,020, 160,243
4527 5 027,032, 189,255,169,013,092
4533 :032, 210, 25 5, 076, 086, 018,090
4539 :032, 166, 009, 169, 232, 160, 187
4545 :02 5, 032, 086,009,03 2, 228, 093
4551 2 2 55,240,251, 032,181, 009, 143
4557 1009,128,072,173,185,026,030
4563 : 240,003,032, 140, 014, 032, 160
4569 ! 150, 009, 104,076,041 , 010, 095
4575 (056,165,038,2 3 3,000,133,080
45B1 : 167, 165,039, 233, 028,005,098
4587 : 167, 240, 004, 169,005,133,185
4593 1012,032, 166,009,169,049, 166
4599 :160,026, 032, 086, 009,032,080
4605 :051, 017, 165, 012, 201,005, 192
4611 :240, 003, 032, 036, 009, 169, 236
4617 :000, 166, 038, 164, 039, 03 2, 192
4623 : 21 3, 255, 144,003,076, 252, 190
4629 :016, 142, 188, 026, 140, 189, 210
463 5 :026,032,231, 255,032, 166,001
4641 J 009, 169,019,160,026,032, 192
4647 : 086, 009, 076, 028, 017,032, 031
4653 :166,009, 169,055,160,026, 118
4659 1032,086,009,032,051,017,022
4665 :169, 001, 162,000, 160,028,065
4671 :032, 213, 255, 032, 183, 255,009
4677 :041, 191, 240, 211, 032, 166, 182
4683 1009,169,006,160,026,032,221
4689 :086, 009,076, 028, 017, 120, 161
4695 I 169, 000, 141, 026, 208, 141, 004
4701 1033,208,169,049,141,020,201
4707 1003,169,234,141,021,003,158
4713 1169,255,141,013,220,088,223
4719 1096, 169, 147,032, 210,255,252
4725 1169,013,032,210,255,032,060
4731 : 086, 018, 032, 162,018,169,096
4737 1013,032,210,255,169,063,103
4743 1160,026,032,086,009,032,224
4749 :228, 255, 201,013,208,249,015
4755 J032, 115,015, 076, 150,009,032
4761 ! 032, 204, 255, 169,001,032,078
4767 1195,255,096,032,2 31,255,199
4773 (169,001,162,008,160,000,153
4779 1032,186,255,169,002,162,209
4785 : 078, 160, 026, 032, 189, 255 , 149
4791 1032,192,255,176,221,162,197
4797 !001,032,198,255,032,207,146
4803 1255,032,207,255,032,207,159
4809 1255,032,183,255,208,202,056
4815 :032, 207, 255,240,197,032,146
4821 :204, 255,032, 228, 255, 201, 108
4827 ;032,208,005,032,22a,255,211
4833 :240, 251, 162,001,032, 198,085
4839 5 255,032,207,2 5 5,072,032,060
4845 : 207, 255, 168, 104, 170, 152, 013
4851 5 160,055,132,001,032,205,060
4857 :189,160,054, 132,001, 169, 186
4863 1032,032,210,255,032,207,255
4869 1255,240,006,032,210,25 5,235
4875 1076,003,019,169,013,032,067
4881 1210,255,076,199,018,162, 169
4887 1000,142,047,027,142,048,173
4893 1027, 142,049,027,056, 177,251
4899 1155,23 3,048, 144,042,201,090
4905 1010, 176,038,014,047,027,097
4911 1046,048,027,014,047,027,000
4917 1046,048,027,014,047,02 7,006
4923 1046,048,027,014,047,027,012
4929 1046,048,027,013,047,027,017
4935 1 141 , 047, 027, 200, 208, 212 , 138
4941 1230,156,076,03 3,019,248,071
4947 1173,047,027,013,048,027, 162
4953 1240,023,056,173,047,027, 143
4959 1233,001,141,047,027,17 3,205
4965 1048,027,233,000,141,048,086
4971 1027,238,049,027,076,083,095
4977 1019,173,049,02 7,216,096,181
4983 1056,173,130,027,23 3,000,226
4989 1141,132,027,173,131,027,244
4995 i233, 208,141, 133 , 027, 013, 118
5001 1132,027,208,016,032,166,206
5007 1009, 169,088,160,026,032,115
5013 1086,009, 169, 001, 141, 184, 227
5019 1026,096,024,165,038,133,125
5025 :251, 109, 132,027, 133, 253,042
5031 1165,039,13 3,252,109,13 3,230
5037 1027,133,254,056,173,188,2 36
5043 1026,229,251,133,180,173,147
5049 1189,026,229,252,133,181,171
5055 1024,101,254,201,207,144,098
5061 1016,032, 166,009, 169,080, 157
5067 1160,026,032,086,009,169,173
5073 1001,141,184,026,096,032, 177
5079 1080,008,024,173, 132,027,147
5085 : 133, 180, 109. 188, 026 , 141 , 230
5091 1188,026, 173, 133,027, 133, 139
5097 :181,109,1S9,026, 141, 189,044
5103 1026, 165, 038, 133, 253, 165, 251
5109 1039,133,254,169,000,13 3,205
5115 1251,169,208,133,252,169,153
5121 1000, 141,026, 208, 169,03 2,065
5127 1133,001,032,019,008,169,113
5133 1038,133,001,169,001,141,240
5139 1026,208,076,231,010,160,218
5145 1000,17 7,038,170,200,177,019
5151 1038,136,145,038,200,138, 214
5157 1145,038,096,160,000,177,141
5163 1038,041,063,240,010,201,124
5169 1027,176,006,177,038,073,034
5175 1064,145,038,076,151,011,028
5181 1133,16 7,041,064,010,005,225
5187 1167,041,191,133,167,041,039
5193 1032,073,032,010,005,167,136
5199 1096,005,075,066,005,058,128
5205 1002,001,027,014,015,018, 162
5211 1000,000,000,000,000,032, 123
5217 1166,009,169,132,160,026,247
COMPUTEI's Gazarts Januqryl9e4 175
5223 :076, 086, 009,076, 129,021, 244
5229 : 169, 004, 141,159,02 7,160,001
5235 :007, 173, 141,002,041, 001, 224
5241 : 240, 054, 032, 166, 009, 169, 02 3
5247 : 107, 160, 026, 032, 086, 009, 035
5253 :032, 228, 255, 240, 251, 056, 171
5259 1233,048,201,003,144,217,217
5265 : 201, 008, 176, 213 , 141 , 159, 019
5271 :027,032, 166,009, 169,116, 158
5277 ! 160, 026, 032, 086, 009, 032, 246
5283 : 228, 255, 240, 251,056, 233, 146
5289 : 048, 048, 190, 201, 010, 176,074
5295 1 186, 168, 169, 001, 174, 159, 008
5301 :027,032, 186,255, 169,000,082
5307 !032, 189, 255,032,096, 020, 043
5313 1032,192,255,162,001,032,099
5319 ! 201, 255, 144, 003, 076, 129, 239
5325 : 021, 169, 000, 133, 155, 169, 084
5331 :028, 133, 156, 162, 000, 142,064
5337 : 141, 027, 142, 140, 027, 142, 068
5343 ;160, 027, 142, 161,027, 142, 114
5349 : 154, 027, 189, 080, 020, 157, 088
5355 1 146, 027, 232, 224,007, 208, 055
5361 1245,169,255,141,155,027,209
5367 (160,000,177,155,016,003,246
5373 ;076,073,022,201,031,240,128
5379 1034,153,050,027,200,238,193
5385 Jl53,027,173,153,027,205,235
5391 1147,027,144,230,136,140,071
5397 :187, 026, 177, 155, 201,032,031
5403 I 240, 009, 206, 153,027, 136, 030
5409 : 208, 244, 172 , 187, 026, 140, 242
5415 : 187, 026, 152,056, 101, 155, 204
5421 1133,155,165,156,105,000,247
5427 ! 13 3, 156, 160, 000, 173, 155, 060
5433 !027, 201, 255, 208, 003,03 2, 015
5439 ! 241, 021, 032, 038, 022, 173, 078
5445 1187,026,141,186,026,169,036
5451 :050, 133, 169, 169, 027, 133, 244
5457 ! 170, 032, 104, 024,032,053, 240
5463 1022,173,155,027,205,150,051
5469 1027, 144,003,032, 153,021,217
5475 1056, 165, 155, 237, 188,026, 158
5481 :133, 167,165, 156,237,189, 128
5487 1026,005,167,240,034,144,215
5493 !032, 169,000,141,140,027, 114
5499 : 141, 149, 027, 032, 153,021, 134
5505 : 032 , 225, 255, 240, 251 , 169, 021
5511 !013,032, 210,255,032, 204, 113
5517 : 255 , 169, 001 , 032, 195 , 255 , 024
5523 8 076,150,009,076,247,020,213
5529 1056,173,148,027,237,155,181
5535 :027, 168, 136, 136, 240,010, 108
5541 !048, 008, 169, 013, 032, 210, 133
5547 i255, 136,208,248, 173,141,052
5553 :027,240,019,141,186,026,04a
5559 :173, 144,027, 133, 169, 173, 234
5565 :145, 02 7, 133, 170, 032,038, 22 2
5571 1022,032,104,024,169,013,047
5577 ;032, 210, 255,032, 210, 255, 171
5583 1032,210,255,173,152,027,032
5589 :208,026,032,204,2S5,032,202
5 595 :166, 009, 169, 141, 160, 026, 122
5601 :032, 086, 009, 032, 228, 255, 099
5607 :240, 251,032,096,020, 162,008
5613 : 001, 032, 201, 255, 238, 154,094
5619 1027,173,140,027,240,019,101
)76 COMPUTEI'i Gaielte Jaruory 1984
5625
5631
5637
5643
5649
5655
5661
5667
5673
5679
5685
5691
5697
5703
5709
5715
5721
5727
5733
5739
5745
5751
5757
5763
5769
5775
5781
5787
5793
5799
5805
5811
5817
5823
5829
5835
5841
5847
5853
5859
5865
5871
5877
5883
5889
5895
5901
5907
5913
5919
5925
5931
5937
S943
5949
5955
5961
5967
5973
5979
5985
5991
5997
6003
6009
6015
6021
: 141, 186
:133,169
:170,032
:024,169
:172,149
:136,136
:169,013
i208, 248
:146,027
1210,255
1172,151
:155,027
1013,032
1250,096
:127,032
:144,007
1076,075
1221,162
1208,248
:157,027
1138,010
1169,022
il89, 174
1022,072
1027,101
il56, 105
1247,020
1240,001
1096,010
1084,066
1192,022
1220,022
:250,022
1045,023
1027,200
: 169, 001
il51,022
:141,146
1200,032
1027,076
1022,019
1151,022
:141, 150
1 200, 032
1027,076
1021,056
:142,027
:141,143
1056,152
1140,027
:200,177
1249,136
1155,141
: 105, 000
1037,023
1027,141
; 151, 022
1061,240
1022,200
1173,157
: 202, 104
1151,022
:231,255
j255,169
1015,032
i255, 144
■009,169
026,173
173, 143
038,022
013,032
027, 140
240,010
032,210
096,169
140,153
136,208
027,024
141,155
210,255
141,157
061,020
201,058
023, 174
022,240
206, 153
076,000
170,140
072,169
022,072
096,056
155,133
000,133
177,155
136, 140
087,065
083,078
201,022
230,022
004,023
169,000
076,151
141,160
200,032
027,076
022,019
151,022
141,149
200,032
027,076
022,019
151,022
152,101
165,156
027,032
237,156
200,076
155,201
096,056
144,027
141,145
056,152
141,027
200,177
004,136
032,022
027,041
157,087
076,134
169,000
015,162
186,255
001,096
062,032
,142
,027,
,027
,133,
,032
,104,
, 210
,255,
,155
,027,
f,048
,008,
,255
,136,
,032
,172,
,027
,032,
,250
,096,
\, 152
,109,
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,169,
,136
,208,
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,041,
,201
,049,
, 176
,003,
, 162
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,202,
,027
,173,
,021
,202,
,156
,027,
,134
,072,
,189
,173,
,173
,156,
,155
,165,
,156
,076,
,201
,031,
,156
,027,
,076
,082,
,072
,070,
,210
,022,
,240,
022,
,007,
023,
,141,
152,
,022,
200,
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076,
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019,
,151,
022,
,141,
147,
,200,
032,
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076,
,022
019.
,151
,022,
.141
151,
,076,
153,
,155,
141,
,105,
000,
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023,
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141,
.151,
022,
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208,
.152.
101,
,165,
156,
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032.
,237.
156,
,200.
076,
,155,
201,
,076.
106,
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072,
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170,
.020,
032,
,022,
032,
,032,
189,
,008,
160,
.032,
192,
,032.
166.
,210.
255,
176
009
147
202
175
089
076
192
054
178
176
221
151
015
055
160
109
186
092
078
242
245
176
194
105
001
212
087
065
108
074
167
002
209
105
009
143
010
014
223
155
173
044
048
250
121
096
166
026
135
241
065
069
249
210
167
211
190
196
162
187
028
217
116
065
053
102
6027
!032,077,016, 240,025, 162,179
6429
6033
:015,032, 201,255, 176,012,068
6435
6039
1169,236,160,026,032,086,092
6441
6045
: 009, 169, 013, 032, 210, 255,077
6447
6051
1032,231,255,076,150,009,148
6453
6057
!032,231,255, 169,000,032, 120
6459
6063
! 189, 255, 169,015, 162,008, 205
6465
6069
{160,015,032,186,255,032,093
6471
6075
;192,255, 176,228,032, 166, 212
6477
6081
:009, 162, 015, 032, 198, 255,096
6483
6087
£032,077,016,032,231,255,074
6489
6093
: 169,001, 141, 184,026, 096, 054
6495
6099
1173,141,002,201,005,240,205
6501
6105
!005, 173, 158,027, 208,03 7,057
6507
6111
!032, 166,009, 169, 162, 160,153
6513
6117
1026,03 2,086,009,032,077,235
6519
6123
: 016, 208, 003, 076, 150, 009, 185
6525
6129
:169, 001, 141,158,027, 141, 110
6531
6135
: 184, 026, 169, 000, 133, 155, 146
6537
6141
I 169, 028, 133,156,076,017,064
6543
6147
:024, 165, 038, 133, 15 5, 165, 171
6549
6153
:039, 133, 156, 160,001, 076,062
6555
6159
:019,024, 160,000,162,000, 124
6561
6165
; 189, 236, 026, 03 2, 181, 009, 182
6567
6171
! 209, 155, 240,002, 162, 255, 026
6573
6177
:200, 208,011,230, 156, 165, 235
6579
6183
:156, 205, 189,026, 240,002,089
6585
6189
:176, 035, 232, 236, 191, 026, 173
6591
6195
:208, 224, 024, 152 , 101 , 155, 147
6597
6201
:133,03a, 165, 156, 105,000, 142
6603
6207
: 133, 039, 056, 165, 038, 2 37, 219
6609
6213
:191,026, 133,038, 165,039,149
6615
6219
: 233, 000, 133,039,076, 231,019
6621
6225
:010,032, 166,009, 169, 172, 127
6627
6231
:160, 026, 032, 086, 009, 169, 057
6633
6237
: 001, 141, 184, 026, 169, 000, 102
6639
6243
: 141, 158, 027, 096, 096, 160, 009
6645
6249
:000, 204, 186,026, 240,248, 241
6651
6255
! 177, 169, 048, 038, 032, 061, 124
6657
6261
1020,032,021,025,032,210,201
6663
6267
;255, 173, 161,027,240,010, 221
6669
6273
:169,008,032,210,255,169,204
6675
6279
1095,032,210,255,032,225,216
6681
6285
:255,208,005,104, 104,076, 125
6687
6291
!l29,021, 200,076, 106,024, 191
6693
6297
: 140, 156, 02 7, 041, 12 7, 032, 164
6699
6303
: 061, 020, 201, 049, 144, 017, 139
6705
6309
: 201, 058, 176, 013, 041, 01 5, 15 7
6711
6315
:170,202, 189,087,020,032, 103
6717
6321
:210,255,076, 149,024, 201,068
6723
6327
1067,208,026,056,169,080,021
6729
6333
: 237, 186,026, 074, 056, 237, 23 7
6735
6339
: 146, 027, 168,169,032,032,001
6741
6345
: 210, 25 5, 136, 208, 250, 172, 152
6747
6351
:156,027,076, 149,024, 201,072
6753
6357
:069, 208,017,056, 173, 147,115
6759
6363
£027,237,186,026,056,237,220
6765
6369
£146,02 7,168,169,032,076,075
6771
6375
£200,024,201, 085, 208, 008, 189
6777
6381
£173,161,027,073,001, 141,045
6783
6387
£161,027,201,035,240,003,142
6789
6393
£076,149,024,140,156,027,053
6795
6399
£174,154,027,169,000,160,171
6801
6405
£055,132,001,032,205,189,107
6807
6411
£160,054,132,001,172,156,174
6813
6417
£027,076, 149,024, 174, 160, 115
6819
6423
£027,240,026,133,167,041,145
6825
£127,201,065,144,018,201,017
: 091, 176,014, 170,165, 167,050
£041,128,073,128,074,074,047
£133,167,138, 005, 167, 096, 241
£032,166,009,056,169,000,229
£237,188,026, 170,169,207,032
£237, 189,026, 160,055, 132,096
£001,032,205,189, 160,054,200
£132,001,169,001, 141,184, 193
£026, 095,014,008, 155, 211,081
£080,069,069,068,211,067,141
£082,073,080,084,000,032, 190
£066,089,03 2, 195,072,065, 108
:082,076,.069,083,032,194,131
£082,06 5,078,078,079,078,061
£000, 194,085,070,070,069,095
£082,032, 195,076,069,065, 132
£082,069,068,000,194,085, 117
£070,070,069,082,032,198,146
£085,076,076,000,196,069,133
£076,069,084,069,032,040,007
£211,044,215,044,208,041,150
£000,058,032,193,082,069,083
£032,089,079,085,032,083,055
£ 085 , 082 ,069,063,032, 040 , 032
£ 217, 047, 206, 041, 058, 000, 236
:197, 210, 193, 211, 197, 032, 201
£193,204,204,032,212, 197,209
£216,212,000,197,082,065,201
£083,069,032,040,211,044,170
£215,044,208,041,058,032,039
£018,210,197,212,213,210,251
1206,146,032,084,079,032,032
£069,088,073,084,000,203,232
£069,089,058,000,211,065,213
1086,069,058,000,212,065,217
:080,069,03 2,197,210,210,019
1207,210,000,211,084,079,018
£080,080,069,068,000,214,000
£069,082,073,070,089,032,166
£197,082,082,079,082,000,023
£ 206, 079, 032, 069, 082,082, 057
£079,082,083,000,147,032,192
£018, 212, 146,065,080,069, 109
£032,079,082,032,018,196,220
£146,073,083,075,063,000, 227
£204,079,065,068,058,000,011
£214,069,082,073,070,089, 140
£058,000,208,082,069,083,049
£083,032,018, 210, 197, 212,051
:213, 210, 206, 146, 000, 036, 116
£048,206,079,032,210,079,221
£079,077,000, 206,079,03 2,046
£ 084, 069, 088, 084, 032 , 073 , 009
£078,032,066,085,070,070, 242
£069,082,046,000,196,069,053
£086,073,067,069,032,035,215
£000,211,069,067,079,078,107
£068,046,032, 193,068,068,084
£082,046,032,035,000,208,018
£082,07 3,078,084,073,078,089
£071,000, 206, 069,088, 084, 145
£ 032 , 083 , 072 , 069 , 069 , 084 , 042
£044,032,018,210,197,212,096
: 21 3, 210, 206,146,000,200,108
£085,078,084,032,070,079,079
£082,058,000,206,079,084,166
COMPUTSI's Gaioltc Januof y 1 9iJ4 1 77
6831 1032,198,079,085,078,068,203
683 7 I 000, 000 , 000 , 000, 000 , 000, 181
Program 2:
SpeedScript— VIC-20 Version
4609 : 01 1,018, 01 0,000, 158,052,250
4615 ! 054, 050, 049, 000, 000, 000, 160
4621 :032, 114,019, 076, 247, 019,008
4627 :000, 000,000, 000, 000,000,019
4633 :000, 000, 165, 251, 141, 059, 129
4639 :018, 165,252,141,060,018, 173
4645 : 165, 253, 141,062,018, 165,073
4651 :254, 141,063,018, 166, 181,098
4657 :240,032, 169,000,141, 129,248
4663 :036, 160,000, 185,000,000, 180
4669 : 153, 000, 000, 200, 204, 129, 23 5
4675 :036, 208,244,238,060,018,103
4681 : 238 , 063 , 018, 224, 000 , 240, 088
4687 !007, 202, 208,224, 165, 180,041
4693 :208, 222,096, 165, 181,170, 103
4699 :005, 180,208,001,096,024,093
4705 :138, 101,252,141,131,018,110
4711 :165, 251,141, 130,018,024,064
4717 !l38, 101,254,141,134,018,127
472 3 1165,253,141,133,018,2 32,033
4729 : 164, 180, 208,004, 240, 013, 162
473 5 : 160, 2 55, 185,000,000, 153, 112
4741 :000,000, 136, 192,255, 208, 156
4747 ! 245, 206, 13 1,018, 206, 134, 05 5
4753 :018, 202, 208, 234,096, 169,048
4759 :022, 133, 195, 133, 020, 169,055
4765 :016,133,196, 169,148,133,184
47 71 :021, 173, 125, 036, 133, 155, 038
4777 ! 173, 126, 036, 133, 156, 173, 198
4783 : 128, 036, 032, 22 3, 019, 162, 007
4789 :001, 160,000, 173, 137,036, 176
4795 ! 145, 020, 177, 155, 15 3, 139, 208
4801 :036, 200, 041, 127, 201, 031, 061
4807 : 240, 019, 192,022, 208, 235,091
481 3 :136, 177,155,041, 12 7,201,018
4819 :032, 240,005, 136, 208,245,053
4825 ! 160,021, 200, 132, 167, 136, 009
4831 : 185, 139, 036, 145,195,136,035
483 7 !016, 248, 164, 167, 024, 152, 232
4843 : 101, 155, 133, 15 5, 165, 156,076
4849 : 105, 000, 133, 156, 152, 157, 176
485 5 1060,003,192,022, 240,008,004
4861 !l69,032,145,195,200,076,046
4867 5 249,018,024, 165, 195, 105, 247
4873 :022, 133, 195, 133, 020, 144, 144
4879 :004,230,196, 230,021,232, 160
4885 : 224, 02 3, 240, 003, 076, 182, 001
4891 :018, 165, 155, 141, 135, 036, 165
4897 1165,156,141,136,036,096,251
4903 :173,019,018, 133, 155,141, 166
4909 : 125, 036, 141, 131, 036, 133, 135
4915 : 038, 173, 020, 018, 133, 156,077
4921 :141,126,036,141, 132,036, 157
4927 ! 133, 039, 056, 173, 022,018, 248
4933 (237,020,018,170,169,032,203
4939 1160,255,198,156,145,155,120
4945 ;200, 230,156,145,155,200,143
4951 :208, 251, 230, 156, 202, 208, 062
4957 :246, 145, 155,096, 133,167,011
4963 ;132,168, 160,000, 177,167, 135
4969 1240,006,032,210, 255,200,024
497 5 1208,246,096,169,001,141,204
178 COMPUTEI's Gazelle January 1984
4981
1138,036,032,174,022,169,176
4987
[000, 141,019,018, 141, 021, "207
4993
:018, 141,023, 018, 141,025, 239
4999
5 018,024, 173, 130,002, 105,075
5005
:020, 141,020,018, 056, 173,057
5011
: 132,002, 23 3, 001, 141, 026, 170
5017
:018, 056, 233, 004, 141,024, 117
5023
1018,056,233,001,141,022,118
5029
£018,169, 000, 141, 137,036, 154
5035
:032, 039, 019, 169,000, 141,059
5041
:128, 036, 169, 255, 141, 138, 020
5047
5 002,032,121,023,032,203,084
5053
5 019,169,073,160,035,03 2,165
5059
5 097,019,169,000,141,127,236
5065
1036,096,162,021,169,160,077
5071
5 157,000,016,202,016,250,080
5077
Jl69,019, 032, 210, 255, 169,043
5083
:018,076, 210, 25 5, 141, 134,029
5089
: 002, 162,021, 157,000, 148,203
5095
: 202,016, 2 50, 096, 072, 041, 140
5101
5 128,074,133,167,104,041,116
5107
5 063,005,167,096,160,000,222
5113
5 177,038,133,002,160,000,247
5119
5 177,038,07 3,128,145,038,086
5125
:032, 150, 018, 173, 141,002,009
5131
£041,004,240,009,165,197,155
5137
:201,064,240,003,076,161,250
5143
5 020,032,228,255,208,013,011
5149
5 165,162,041,016,240,229,114
5155
5 169,000, 133, 162,076, 253,060
5161
: 019, 170, 160,000, 165,002,045
5167
5 145,038,224,095,208,012,001
5173
5 032,007,022, 169,032, 160,219
5179
1000, 145, 038,076, 247, 019, 072
5185
5 173,127,036,240,007,138,018
5191
:072,032, 187,019, 104, 170, 143
5197
5 138,201,013,208,002,162,033
5203
5 095,138,041,127,201,032,205
5209
5 144,092,224,160,208,002,151
5215
5 162,032,138,072,173,128,032
5221
5 036,240,003,032,007,02 5,188
5227
:104,032,235,019, 160,000, 145
5233
5 145,038,032,150,018,056,040
5239
5 165,038,2 37,131,036,13 3,091
5245
5 167,165,039,237,132,036,133
5251
5 005,167,144,014,165,038,152
5257
5 105,000,141,131,036,165,203
5263
:039, 105,000, 141, 132,036,084
5269
5 230,038,208,002,230,039,128
5275
5 032,067,021,076,247,019,105
5281
5 160,000, 165,002, 145,038, 159
5287
5 024,165,197,105,064,170,124
5293
5 132,162,165,162,201,006,233
5299
:208, 250, 132, 198, 138, 174, 255
5305
5 217,020,221,217,020,240,096
5311
5 006,202,208,248,076,247,154
5317
5019,202,138,010,170,169,137
5323
£019, 072, 169, 246, 072, 189, 202
5329
£254,020,072,189,253,020,249
5335
£072,096,035,029,157,137,229
5341
:133,099,085, 138, 134,020,062
5347
5 148,082,019,076,147,135,066
5353
£139,113,136,140,091,145,229
5359
5 017,121,074,090,097,077,203
5365
5 070,118,072,081,108,107,033
5371
£110,003,252,021,006,022,153
5377
5 018,022,076,022,162,022,067
5383
5389
5395
5401
5407
5413
5419
5425
5431
5437
5443
5449
5455
5461
5467
5473
5479
5485
5491
5497
5503
5509
5515
5521
5527
5533
5539
5545
5551
5557
5563
5569
5575
5581
5587
5593
5599
5605
5611
5617
5623
5629
5635
5641
5647
5653
5659
5665
5671
5677
5683
5689
5695
5701
5707
5713
5719
5725
5731
5737
5743
5749
5755
5761
5767
5773
:193
022<
208,
022,055,
023,
:094
024,
006,
025,133,
024,
:203
024
068,
025,092,
025,
:122
025
149,
025,241,
025,
:255
027
242,
026,083,
028,
:208
022
055,
023,127,
028,
:120
029
013
030, 134
022,
:098
030
219
027,105
033,
:121
024
029
030, 120
023,
:208
033
046
035,245
024,
:032
165
021
056,165
038,
!237
125
036
13 3,167
165,
1039
237
126
036,005
167,
;176
032
056
173,125
036,
:237
019
018
133,167
173,
:126
,036
237
020,018
005,
:167
240
013
165,038
141,
:125
036
165
039,141
126,
:036
032
150
018,056
173,
:135
036
229
038,133
155,
:173
136
036
229,039
133,
:156
,005
,155
240,002
176,
:024
,024
,173
125,036
109,
1061
,003
,141
,125,036
,173,
il26
,036
,105
000,141
126,
!036
,03 2
150
,018,076
,119,
:021
,096
,056
,173,131
036,
:237
,021
,018
133,167
,173,
;132
,036
237
022,018
005,
:167
,144
,012
173,021
,018,
:141
,131
,036
173,022
,018,
:141
,132
,036
056,165
,038,
:237
,019
,018
133,167
,165,
:039
237
020
018,005
167,
:176
011
173
019,018
133,
i038
173
020
018,133
039,
1096
056
165
038,237
131,
1036
133
167
165,039
237,
1132
036
005
167,176
001,
1096
173
131
036,133
038,
;173
132
036
133,039
096,
i230
038
208
002,230
039,
.032
067
021
096,165
038,
t208<
002,
198,
039,198,
038,
1032
067,
021,
096,165,
038,
Jl33
155
165,
039,133,
156,
1 198,
156,
160,
255,177,
155,
:201
032,
240,
004,201,
031,
I 208
003,
136,
208,243,
177,
;155
201
032,
240,008,
201,
:031
240
004,
136,208,
243,
:096
132
167,
056,165,
155,
:101
167
133,
038,165,
156,
:105
000
133,
039,032,
067,
J021
,096
160
000,177
038,
;201
032
240
008,201
031,
I 240
,004
200
208,243
096,
:200
,240
026
177,038
201,
:032
,240
,247
201,031
240,
s243
,024
,152
101,038
133,
:038
,165
,039
105,000
133,
:039
,032
,067
,021,096
173,
il31
,036
,133
038,173
132,
S036
,133
,039
,076,118
022,
J 169
,000
,141
,125,036
173,
!l32
,036
,056
,233,004
205,
018
5779
:020,
018,
176,003,173,020,045
063
5785
:0ia.
141,
126,036,032,150,144
200
5791
:018,
076,
122,022,238,138,005
100
5797
:036,
173,
138,036,041,015,092
180
5803
:141,
138,
036,010,010,010,004
244
5809
:010,
133,
167, 173, 138,036,066
135
5815
1041,
007,
024, 105,008,101,213
049
5821
;167,
141,
015,144,096,238,222
146
5827
:137,
036,
173, 137,036,041,243
140
5833
:007,
141,
137,036,032,150,192
032
5839
:018,
096,
165,038,133,155,044
168
5845
:165,
039,
133,156,198,156,036
177
5851
:160,
255,
177,155,201,046,189
171
5857
;240,
012,
.201,033,240,008,191
070
5863
:201,
063,
240,004, 201,031,203
027
5869
:208,
004,
136,208,235,096,100
099
5875
!l77.
155,
201,046,240,027,065
229
5881
:201,
033,
240,023,201,063,242
068
5887
:240,
019,
201,031,240,015,233
079
5893
:136,
208,
235,198,156,165,079
105
5899
:156,
205,
019,018,176,226,043
099
118
5905
:076,
042,
023,132,167,198,143
5911
:167,
200,
240,010, 177, 155, 204
172
5917
!201,
032,
240,247,136,076,193
173
5923
:058,
022,
164,167,076,243,253
076
164
150
113
204
196
249
170
5929
:022,
173,
019,018, 133,038,188
5935
:173,
020,
018, 133,039,032,206
5941
:067
021
096, 160,000, 177,062
5947
S038,
201,
046,240,029,201,046
5953
J033
240
025,201,063,240,099
5959
:021,
201
031,240, 017,200,013
5965
;208
235
230,039,165,039, 225
5971
!205
132
036,240,226, 144,042
5977
:224
076
122,022,200,240,205
179
229
126
178
238
240
080
088
232
166
5983
:250
,177
,038,201,032,240,009
5989
:24?
,201
,046,240,243,201,255
5995
:033
,240
,239,201,063,240,099
6001
:235
,201
,031,240,231,076,103
6007
:106
,022
,173,023,018,141,090
6013
:073
,037
,173,024,018,141,079
6019
:074
,037
,032,203,019,169,153
6025
:088
,160
,035,032,097,019,056
6031
:169
,001
,141,127,036,096,201
6037
:056
,165
,038,237,019,018,170
180
6043
:133
167
,165,039,237,020,148
178
6049
:018
,005
167,208,003,104,154
034
6055
:104
,096
165,038,133,251,186
104
6061
!l65
039
133,252,096,056,146
230
6067
:165
038
133,253,073,255,072
246
6073
:101
251
141,077,037,165,189
114
6079
:039
133
254,073,255,101,022
145
6085
J252
141
078,037,165,251,097
060
6091
:141
079
037,165,252,141,250
055
6097
:080
037
165,253,141,081,198
189
6103
= 037,
133
251,165,254,141,172
055
6109
:082,
037
133,252,056,173,186
026
6115
:078
037
109,074,037,205,255
054
6121
:026
018
144,020,032,203,164
207
6127
:019,
169,
103, 160,035,032,245
066
6133
:097,
019,
169,001,141,127,031
028
6139
1036,
169,
000,133, 198,096,115
079
6145
:173,
073,
037,133,253,173,075
033
6151
:074,
037,
133,254,173,077,243
254
6157
:037,
133,
180,024,109,073,057
041
6163
!037,
141,
073,037,173,078,046
011
6169
!037,
133,
181,109,074,037,084
039
6175
!l41,
074,
037,032,027,018,104
COMPUTEI's Coaette January 1 984
179
6181
6187
6193
6199
6205
6211
6217
6223
6229
6235
6241
6247
6253
6259
6265
6271
6277
6283
6289
6295
6301
6307
6313
6319
6325
6331
6337
6343
6349
6355
6361
6367
6373
6379
:173,079,
: 080, 037,
:037,133,
!l33,254,
:229,253,
;036,229,
: 027, 018,
:237,077,
!l73,132,
:141,132,
: 023, 032,
:023,056,
: 001, 141,
:037,233,
:096,032,
:023,032,
:023,032,
:032,223,
:169,115,
1019,032,
:072,032,
:191,201,
!l49,023,
rl78,023,
!032,149,
! 076, 178,
! 009, 032,
[025,076,
:165,038,
!l67,165,
1005,167,
!036,133,
;133,039,
!l33,038.
037,133,
133,252,
253, 173,
056,173,
133, 180,
254, 133,
056,173,
037,141,
036,237,
036,096,
007,022,
173,073,
073,037,
000,141,
253,021,
007,022,
121,023,
019,032,
160,035,
228,255,
187,019,
023,208,
032,019,
201,019,
023,032,
023,201,
149,023,
178,023,
237,125,
039, 237,
240,011,
038,173,
096,173,
173,020,
251,173,115
173,081,031
082,037,252
131,036,070
173,132,137
181,032,164
131,036,002
131,036,226
078,037,010
032,149,165
032,178,135
037, 233,186
173,074,096
074,037,125
032,149,192
076,178,209
169,002,247
203,019,155
032,097,241
240,251,152
104,041,100
009,032,059
022,076,234
208,009,045
209,022,136
016,208,121
032,150,076
096,056,141
036,133,171
126,036, 213
173,125,170
126,036,253
019,018,195
018,133,238
6409
6415
6421
6427
6433
6439
6445
6451
6457
6385 :039,032, 067,021, 096, 160, 144
6391 :005, 140,099,037,032,007,055
6397 :025, 172, 099, 03 7, 136, 208, 162
6403 : 244, 076, 077 , 022 , 024, 165 , 099
:038, 133,251, 105,001, 133, 158
: 253, 165, 039, 133, 252, 105, 194
1000,133,254,056, 173, 131,000
:036, 2 29, 25 3, 133, 180, 173,007
: 132, 036, 229, 254, 133, 181, 230
: 201. 255, 203, 006, 169,001, 111
: 133, 180, 230, 181,032,088, 121
: 018, 160, 000, 169,032, 145,063
:03a, 238, 131,036, 208, 003, 199
6463 : 238, 132, 036,076, 118,022, 173
6469 !l73, 128,036,073,006,141, 114
5475 ! 128, 036, 096, 169, 130, 160,026
6481 : 03 5, 03 2, 097, 01 9, 03 2, 228, 01 2
6487 :255, 240, 251, 201,089,096, 195
6493 : 032, 203, 019, 169,141,160,049
1035,032,097, 019, 169, 002, 197
:032, 223, 019,03 2, 078,02 5,002
; 240, 004, 032, 187, 019,096, 177
! 162, 255, 154, 076, 013, 018, 027
: 160,000, 177, 038, 201, 031, 218
: 240,015, 200, 208, 247, 230, 245
:039,165,039,205, 132,036,239
!l44, 238,076, 122,022,200,175
6547 1076,106,022,165,038,133,175
6553 ; 155, 165, 039, 133, 156,198,231
6559 : 156, 160, 255, 177, 155, 201, 239
[031,240,017,136,192,255,012
:208, 245, 198, 156,165, 156,019
[205,020,018, 176,236,076, 140
6499
6505
6511
6517
6523
6529
6535
6541
6565
6571
6577
6583
6589
6595
6601
6607
6613
6619
6625
6631
6637
6643
6649
6655
6661
6667
6673
6679
6685
6691
6697
6703
6709
6715
6721
6727
6733
6739
6745
6751
6757
6763
6769
6775
6781
6787
6793
6799
6805
6811
6817
6823
6829
6835
6841
6847
6853
6859
6865
6871
6877
6883
6889
6895
6901
6907
6913
6919
6925
6931
6937
6943
6949
6955
6961
6967
6973
6979
:042,
023,
056,
152,
101,
155,
:133,
155,
169,
000,
101,
156,
:133,
156,
056,
165,
155,
229,
:038,
133,
167,
165,
156,
229,
:039,
005,
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208,
018,
132,
:167,
024,
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155,
229,
167,
:133,
155,
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156,
233,
000,
:133,
156,
076,
168,
025,
165,
:155,
133,
038,
165,
156,
133,
;039,
032,
067,
021,
096,
173,
:141,
002,
041,
001,
208,
003,
:032,
121,
023,
032,
203,
019,
:169,
152,
160,
035,
032,
097,
:019,
160,
000,
177,
038,
073,
: 128,
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038,
032,
150,
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:160,
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128,
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169,
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:019,
032,
228,
255,
240,
251,
:009,
064,
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009,
:032,
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026,
032,
077,
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:141,
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141,
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036,
096,
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:165,
038,
133,
251,
237,
244,
:036,
141,
077,
037,
165,
039,
:133,
252,
237,
245,
036,
141,
:078,
037,
032,
201,
023,
173,
:244,
036,
133,
038,
173,
245,
:036,
133,
039,
032,
150,
018,
;076,
006,
026
169
022,
229,
:211
141,
133
036
169
000,
!l41,
101,
037
160
000,
169,
:166
032
210
255
169
157,
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140
134,
036,
:032
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240
251
172,
:134
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133
167
169
032,
:032
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255
169
157
032,
:210,
255,
165
167
201
013,
:240
046
201
020
208
015,
!l36
016
004
200
076
148,
:026
169
157
032
210
255,
1076
148
026
041
127
,201,
:032
144
192
204
133
,036,
:240
187
165
167
153
rl79.
:036
032
,210
255
169
,000,
:133
,212
200
076
148
,026,
:032
,210
,255
169
000
,153,
:179
,036
,152
096
032
,203,
;019
,169
,180
160
035
,032,
:097
,019
,032
,087
,027
,176,
:033
,173
,019
,018
,133
,155,
!l73
,020
,018
,133
,156
,174,
1131
,036
,172
,132
,036
,169,
Jl55
,032
,216
,255
,176
,010,
:032
,183
,255
,041
,191
,208,
:003
,076
,068
,028
,240
,036,
:173
,086
,027
,201
,008
,144,
:006
,032
,167
,033
,076
,067,
J027
,173
,086
,027
,201
,001,
:240
,249
,032
,203
,019
,169,
;186
,160
,035
,032
,097
,019,
1 169
,001
,141
,127
,036
,096,
200
135
065
065
008
096
037
180
243
153
127
167
132
216
010
081
120
030
101
053
223
031
047
195
235
104
073
149
139
084
127
145
220
021
147
059
239
114
194
059
070
004
166
147
003
022
054
182
026
155
254
028
169
072
177
020
169
177
095
167
226
164
168
052
199
078
125
180 COMPUT£l'$ Caielte Jpnuoryi984
6985
6991
6997
7003
7009
7015
7021
7027
7033
7039
7045
7051
7057
7063
7069
7075
7081
7087
7093
7099
7105
7111
7117
7123
7129
7135
7141
7147
7153
7159
7165
7171
7177
7183
7189
7195
7201
7207
7213
7219
7225
7231
7237
7243
7249
7255
7261
7267
7273
7279
7285
7291
7297
7303
7309
7315
7321
7327
7333
7339
7345
7351
7357
7363
7369
7375
7381
:032
1035
1027
;024
!097
i251
:012
:006
;096
sl60
:000
tl79
:ia5
:028
:169
!179
:204
:242
:179
:204
!243
:179
tl73
;036
:076
:169
1019
:032
:173
:007
:076
:237
:039
:133
:133
:248
:165
:0B7
;032
:038
:144
il31
:23i
:218
:076
!l69
!019
:174
:032
:041
:019
S097
:147
:032
:169
!006
1032
:249
:255
1096
:162
:255
:036
:255
:198
!207
!l83
,203,
019
,169
,197
,160,
,032,
097,
,019
,076,
,067,
,000,
032
,134
,026
,240,
,169,
228,
,160
,035,
032,
,019,
032
,228
255
240,
,162,
008,
201
,068,
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,162,
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201
084
240,
,032,
187,
019
rl04.
104,
,142,
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027
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064,
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058,
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,169,
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153,
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,134,
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144,
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035,
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255
173,
104
037,
240,
:010,
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008
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200
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152
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195
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04 5
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192
9025
109
9031
239
9037
091
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145
9049
151
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069
9061
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9067
232
9073
233
9079
230
9085
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9091
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9097
061
9103
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9109
151
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211
9121
180
9127
046
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092
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238
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080
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224
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058
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106
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1X8
9229
045
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160
9241
018
9247
246
9253
119
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154
9265
159
086
9271
9277
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166
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9289
033
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159
9301
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9307
007
9313
9319
169
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9331
9337
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008,
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,073,080
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,070,070
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069,
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018
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066
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146
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000
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235
039
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161
068
129
084
241
139
076
137
087
087
179
161
246
161
153
122
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135
142
156
131
201
032
197
249
181
186
014
128
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219
230
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175
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096
BEFORE TYPING...
Before typing in programs, please refer lo "How
To Type COMPUTEl's Gazette Programs," "A
Beginner's Guide To Typing In Programs," and
"The Automatic Proofreader" that appear before
the Program Listings.
COMFUTEI-i Caieltc Jonuary 1984 183
MLX For VIC And 64
(Article on page 171.)
Program 1 : mlx— 64 version
100 PRINT"{CLR}{CYN)"fCHR$(142);CHR${8);i
POKE5328l,liPOKE53280,l :rem 73
101 POKE 788,52iREM DISABLE RUN/STOP
:rem 119
110 PRINT" {RVSl [40 SPACES) "f srem 176
120 PRINT" {RVS} {15 SPACES} [RIGHT} [OFF}
i*E£fRVS} [right} {right} {2 SPACES}
E*gT0FF)E*3£[RVS}£{RVS}
[13 SPACES}"^; r rem 250
130 PRINT" [RVS} [15 SPACES} [RIGHT} gG^
(RIGHT) [2 RIGHT} EoFF3£( RVS}£EAg
{0FF)g*3(RVS} (13 spaces!" r srem 35
140 PRINT" [RVS} [40 SPACES}" :rem 120
200 PRINT" [2 DOWN} [PUR} [BLK} [3 SPACESJA F
AILSAFE MACHINE LANGUAGE EDITOR
(5 DOWN}" irem 130
210 PRINT"E5^[2 UP} STARTING ADDRESS?
[8 SPACES} [9 LEFT}"; t rem 143
215 INPUTS!F=l-F!C$=CHR${31+119*F!rera 125
220 IFS<256OR(S>40960ANDS< 49152 )ORS> 53247
THENGOSUa3000!GOTO210 srem 235
225 PRINT: PRINT: PRINT : rem 180
230 PRINT" §53 (2 UP 3 ENDING ADDRESS?
(a SPACES} [9 LEFT]"; :INPUTEsF=l-F:C$=
CHR$(31+119*F) :rem 20
240 IFE<256OR(E>40960ANDE<49152}ORE> 53247
THENGOSUB3000:GOTO230 :rem 183
250 IFE<STHENPRINTC$;"[RVS}ENDING < START
(2 SPACES} ":GOSUB1000: GOTO 230
:rem 176
260 PRINT:PRINT;PRINT :rem 179
300 PRINT" (CLR) ";CHR$(14) :AD=S: POKEV+21 , 0
:rem 225
310 PRINTRIGHT?("0000"+MID?(STR5{AD),2), 5
);";"; :F0RJ=1T06 :rem234
320 GOSUB570:IFN=-lTHENJ=J+t!l:GOTO320
irem 228
390 IFN=-211THEN 710 irem 62
400 IFN=-204THEN 790 :rem 64
410 IFN=-206THENPRINT: INPUT" (D0WN}ENTER N
EW ADDRESS"jZZ :rem 44
415 IFN=-206THENIFZZ<SORZZ>ETHENPRINT"
[RVS30UT of RANGE":GOSUB1000:GOTO410
: rem 225
417 IFN=-206THENAD=ZZ t PRINT :GOTO310
:rem 238
420 IF No-196 THEN 480 : rem 133
430 PRINT: INPUT"DISPLAY:FROM";F: PRINT, "TO
" ; : INPUTT irem 234
440 IFF<SORF>EORT<SORT>ETHENPRINT"AT LEAS
T":S;"[LEFT3, not MORE THAN" r E:GOT043
0 irem 159
450 F0RI=FT0TSTEP6 : PRINT: PRINTRIGHT$ { " 000
0"+HID$(STR$(I), 2),5};":"; srem 30
451 FORK=0TO5:N=PEEK(I+K) : PRINTRIGHTS ( "00
"+MID$(STR$(N) ,2), 3);","; : rem 66
460 GETA$:IFA$>""THENPRINTi PRINT !GOTO310
: rem 25
470 NEXTK:PRINTCHR$(20}; :NEXTI : PRINT: PRIN
T:GOTO310 :rem 50
480 IPN<0 THEN PRINT:GOTO310 : rem 168
490 A(J)=N:NEXTJ : rem 199
500 CKSUM=AD-INT (AD/256)* 256 !F0RI=1T06:CK
SUM=(CKSUH+A(I) )AND255:NEXT irem 200
194 COMPUTEVs Gazette Jonuoryl98'l
510 PRINTCHR?(18); :GOSUB570: PRINTCHR$ C 20)
irem 234
515 IFN=CKSUMTHEN530 :rem 255
520 PRINT: PRINT "LINE ENTERED WRONG : RE-E
NTER" : PRINT: GOSUB1000:GOTO3 10: rem 176
530 GOSUB2000 :rem 218
540 F0RI=1T06:P0KEAD+I-1,A(IJ :NEXT:POKE54
272,0:POKE54273,0 : rem 227
550 AD=AD+6:IF AD<E THEN 310 irem 212
560 GOTO 710 irem 108
570 N=0iZ=0 :rem 88
580 PRINT"E+3"; -rem 79
581 GETA$:IFA$=""THEN581 : rem 95
585 PRINTCHR$(20) ; :A=ASC{A$) : 1FA=130RA=44
ORA=32THEN670 : rem 229
590 IFA>128THENN=-A:RETURN :rem 137
600 IFAO20 THEN 630 : rem 10
610 GOSUB690 : IFI=1ANDT=44THENN=-1 i PRINT"
(left) (LEFT}"; :GOTO690 irem 172
620 GOTO570 :rem 109
630 IFA<48ORA>57THEN580 irem 105
640 PRINTA?; :N=N*10+A-48 :rem 106
650 IFN>255 THEN A=20:GOSUB1000 :GOTO600
:rem 229
660 Z=Z+1:IFZ<3THEN580 : rem 71
670 IPZ=0THENGOSUB1000iGOTO570 :rem 114
680 PRINT","; :RETURN : rem 240
690 S%=PEEK(209)+256*PEEK(210)+PEEK{211)
:rera 149
691 F0RI=1T03:T=PEEK{S%-I) irem 67
695 IFT<>44ANDT<>58THENPOKES%-I, 32:NEXT
irem 205
700 PRINTLEFT$("[3 LEFT} ", I-l );: RETURN
:rem 7
710 PRINT" ( CLR 5 (RVS}*** SAVE ***[3 DOWN}"
irem 236
720 INPUT" (DOWN} FILENAME" ;F$ irem 228
730 PRINT : PRINT" CJ DOWN} {RVS}T[0FF}APE OR
(RVS}D(0FF}ISK: (T/D) " irem 228
740 GETA$:IFA5<>"T"ANDA$<>"D"THEH740
irem 36
750 DV=1-7*{A$="D"} :IFDV=affHENF?="0:"+F?
irem 158
760 T$=F$ !ZK=PEEK( 53)+256*PEEKC54)-LEN(T$
) !POKE782,ZK/256 :rem 3
762 POKE781 , ZK-PEEK{ 782 ) * 256 : POKE780, LEN (
T$):SYS65469 irem 109
763 POKE780, 1 i P0KE781 , DV: POKE782, 1 tSYS654
66 trem 69
765 POKE254, S/256 i POKE253 , S-PEEK( 254) *256
tPOKE780,253 irera 12
766 POKE782 , E/256 : POKE781 , E-PEEK{ 782 ) * 256
:SYS65496 :rem 124
770 IF(PEEK(783)AND1)0R(ST AND191 )THEN780
irem 111
775 PRINT" [ DOWN j DONE. "t END trem 106
780 PRINT" [DOWN} ERROR ON SAVE. (2 S PACES }T
RY AGAIN. ":IFDV=1THEN720 :rem 171
781 OPEN15,8,I5:INPUT#15,El$,E2?iPRINTEl$
rE2$:CLOSE15iGOTO720 :rem 103
790 PRINT" [CLR] (RVS}*** LOAD ***(2 DOWN]"
trem 212
800 INPUT" (2 DOWN) FILENAME" ;F$ irera 244
810 PRINT: PRINT" (2 DOWN} [RVS }t{OFF} APE OR
[RVS}D(0FP}ISK: ( T/d) " trem 227
820 GETA$ t IFA$ <> "T"ANDA$<> "D"THEN820
trem 34
830 DV=1-7*(A$="D") ;IFDV=8THENF$="0:"+F$
trem 157
840 T$=F$:ZK=PEEK{53)+256*PEEK(54)-LEN(T$
) :P0KE782,ZK/2S6 :rem 2
841 POKE781, ZK-PEEK( 782 )*256 : POKE7e0, LEN{
T$):SYS65469 :reni 107
845 POKE780,l!POKE781,DV:POKE782,l:SYS654
66 :rem 70
850 POKE780,0tSYS65493 :rem 11
860 IF(PEEK(783)AND1)0R(ST AND191 )THEN870
:rem 111
865 PRINT" {DOWN] DONE. ":GOTO310 :rem 96
870 PRINT"! DOWN 1;ERR0R ON LOAD. {2 SPACES iT
RY AGAIN. {DOWN} " : IFDV=1THEN800
:rem 172
880 OPEN15,8,15!lNPUT#15,El$,E2$!PRINTEl$
rE2?:CLOSE15:GOTO800 irem 102
1000 REM BUZZER trem 135
1001 POKE54296,15:POKE54277,45iPOKE54278,
165 irem 207
1002 POKE54276, 33 SPOKE 54273, 6 ! POKE54272,
5 :rem 42
1003 FORT=1TO200:NEXT:POKE54276,32:POKE54
273, 0:POKE54272,0: RETURN srem 202
2000 REM BELL SOUND srem 78
2001 POKE54296,15:POKE54277,0:POKE5427a,2
47 srem 152
2002 POKE 54276, 17tPOKE54273, 401 POKE54272
,0 srem 86
2003 FORT=lTO100:NEXTiPOKE542 76, 16: RETURN
srem 57
3000 PRINTC$;"{RVSlNOT ZERO PAGE OR ROM":
GOTO1000 trem 89
Program 2: mlx— vie version
100 PRINT" {CLRl (PURj " ;CHR$ ( 142 ) ;CHR$ (8) ;
:rem 181
101 POKE 788,194:REM DISABLE RUN/STOP
trem 174
110 PRINT" {RVSl {14 SPACES}" irem 117
120 PRINT" {RVS] {RIGHT}?{0FF}^*3£{RVS}
(RIGHT} {RIGHT} {2 SPACES} §*iTOFF]
g*^£lRVS}£{RVS} " srem 191
130 PRINT"fRVS} {right} IG^ERIGHT}
[2 RIGHT} {0FF}£{RVS3£E*3{0FF}
§*|{RVS} " srem 232
140 PRINT" J RVS} t 14 SPACES}" :rem 120
200 PRINT" {2 down} {PUR} {BLK}A FAILSAFE MA
CHINE" SPRINT" LANGUAGE EDITOR {5 DOWN}"
srem 141
210 PRINT"{BLK} {3 UP] STARTING ADDRESS" s IN
PUTS:F=1-F:C?=CHR?C31+119*F} srem 97
220 IPS<256ORS>32767THENGOSUB3000sGOTO210
irem 2
225 PRINTS PRINT: PRINTS PRINT srem 123
230 PRINT"{BLK} {3 UP } ENDING ADDRESS" s INPU
TE:F=l-FsC$=CHR$(31+119*F) srem 158
240 IFE<256ORE>32767THENGOSUB3000;GOTO230
srem 234
250 IFE<STHENPRINTC$; " {RVS} ENDING < START
{2 SPACES} "sGOSUB1000: GOTO 230
:rem 176
260 PRINT: PRINTS PRINT :rein 179
300 PRINT" [CLR! ";CHR$( 14) iAD=S srem 56
310 PRINTRIGHT$ ( "0000"+MID$ (STR? (AD) , 2 ) , 5
) r"s"; sF0RJ=lT06 srem 234
320 GOSOB570jIFN=-1THENJ=J+N:GOTO320
srem 228
390 IFN=-211THEN 710 :rem 62
400 IFN=-204THEN 790 :rem 64
410 IFN=~206THENPRINT: INPUT "{DOWN] ENTER N
EW ADDRESS";ZZ irera 44
415 IFN=-206THENIFZZ<SOR22>ETHENPRINT"
{RVSjOUT OF RANGE" iGOSUB1000jGOTO410
srem 225
417 IFN=-206THENAD=ZZ: PRINT: G0T03 10
srem 238
420
430
440
450
455
457
460
470
480
490
500
510
515
520
530
540
550
560
570
580
581
585
590
600
610
620
630
640
650
660
670
680
690
692
695
700
710
720
730
740
750
760
IF No-196 THEN 480 :rem 133
PRINT: INPUT"DISPLAYsFROM";Ft PRINT, "TO
"; sINPUTT srem 234
IFF<SORF>EORT<SORT>ETHENPRINT"AT LEAS
T";S;"{LEPT} , NOT MORE THAN" ; E:GOT043
0 :rem 159
FDRI=FT0TSTEP6 s PRINTs PRINTRIGHT$ ( " 000
0"+MID$(STR${I) ,2),5)f "s"; :rem 30
FORK=0TO5 5N=PEEK{ I+K) s IFK=3THENPRINTS
PC(10) ; irem 34
PRINTRIGHTS ( "00"+MID$ ( STR$ ( N) , 2 ) , 3 ) f "
,"; srem 137
GETA$:IFA$>""THENPRINT:PRINT:GOTO310
srem 25
NEXTKsPRINTCHR$(20) ; sNEXTI: PRINT: PRIN
T:GOTO310 :rem 50
IFN<0 THEN PRINTS GOTO310 irem 168
A{J)=N:NEXTJ irem 199
CKSUM=AD-INT(AD/256)*256sP0RI=1TO6sCK
SUM={CKSUM+A{I) )AND255sNEXT srem 200
PRINTCHR$(18) ; s GOSUB570I PRINTCHR$ { 20)
srem 234
IFN=CKSUMTHEN530 srem 255
PRINTS PRINT "LINE ENTERED WRONG": PRINT
"RE-ENTER" iPRINTi GOSUB1000 sGOTO310
irem 129
GOSUB2000 irem 218
P0RI=1T06:P0KEAD+I-1,A(I) sNEXTsrem 80
AD=AD+6:IF AD<E THEN 310 srem 212
GOTO 710 srem 108
N=0:Z=0 srem 88
PRINT" g+3",- srem 79
GETA5 sIFA$=""THEN581 : rem 95
PRINTCHR9{20}; sA=ASCCA$) t IFA
ORA=32THEN670
IFA>128THENN=-A: RETURN
IFAO20 THEN 630
GOSUB690 I IFI=1ANDT=44THENN=-
{LEFT} {left]"; SGOTO690
GOTO570
IFA<480RA> 57THEN580
PRINTA$; :N=N*10+A-48
IFN>255 THEN A=20 sGOSUB1000!
130RA=44
:rem 229
srem 137
irem 10
1 SPRINT"
:rem 172
srem 109
srem 105
srem 106
GOTO600
srem 229
irem 71
srem 114
srem 240
Z=Z+1;IFZ<3THEN5B0
IFZ=0THENGOSUB1000tGOTO570
PRINT", "; : RETURN
S%=PEEK{209)+256*PEEK{210)+PEEK(211)
srem 149
FORI=lT03sT=PEEK(S%-I) irem 68
IFT<>44ANDT<>58THENPOKES%-I,32sNEXT
srem 205
PRINTLEFT$("{3 LEFT}", I -1) ; : RETURN
:rem 7
PRINT" { CLR) (RVS}*** SAVE ***{3 DOWN}"
srem 236
INPUT" {down} FILENAME" ;F$ irem 228
PRINTiPRINT"{2 DOWN] ( RVS)t{ OFF} APE OR
(rVS}DEOFP}ISKs (T/D)" srem 228
GETA$ iIFA$<>"T"ANDA$<>"D"THEN740
srem 36
DV=1-7*(A$="D") iIPDV=8THENF$="0s"+F$
srem 158
T?=F?sZK=PEEK{53)+256*PEEK(54)-LEN(TS
) ;P0KE782,ZK/256 srem 3
COMPUTBI's Gazelle ianuory 198^1 185
762 POKE781 , ZK-PEEK{ 782 )*256 : POKE780, LEK(
T$):SYS65469 :rem 109
763 POKE780,l:POKE781,DVsPOKE782,l:SYS654
66 :rem 69
765 POKE254,S/256:POKE253,S-PEEK(254)*256
:POKE7a0, 253 : rem 12
766 POKE782,E/256:POKE781,E-PEEK{782)*256
SSYS65496 srem 124
770 1F( PEEK (783) AUDI )0R( ST AND191)THEK780
:rem 111
775 PRINT" {DOWN} DONE. ": END srem 106
780 PRINT" {DOWN} ERROR ON SAVE. {2 SPACES}T
RY AGAIN." !IFDV=1THEN7 20 srem 171
781 OPEN15,8, 15:INPaTjH5,El$,E2$:PRINTEl$
;E25:CLOSE15:GOTO720 : rem 103
782 GOTO720 ; rem 115
790 PRINT"ECLR) (RVS}*** LOAD ***{2 DOWN}"
:rem 212
800 INPUT" {2 DOWN} FILENAME" ;F? :rem 244
810 PRINT! PRINT" [2 DOWN] [RVSJtIOFF] APE OR
(RVS}DfOFF}lSK: (T/D) " srem 227
820 GETA$ : IFA? <> "T"ANDA$ <> "D"THEN820
srem 34
830 DV=1-7*(A$="D") sIFDV=8THENF$="0!"+F$
srem 157
840 T?=F$:ZK=PEEK(53)+256*PEEK{54>-LEN(T$
) :POKE782,ZK/256 srem 2
841 POKE781 , ZK-PEEK( 782 )*256 s POKE780, LEN (
T$}!SYS65469 srem 107
845 POKE780, 1 : POKE781 , DV: POKE782, 1 sSYS654
66 : rem 70
850 POKE780,0:SYS65493 srem 11
860 IF(PEEK(783)ANDl)ORtST AND191 )THEN870
srem 111
865 PRINT" [DOWN} DONE. "sG0T03 10 : rem 96
870 PRINT" (down) ERROR ON LOAD. {2 SPACES 1t
RY AGAIN. t down}" sIFDV=lTHEN800
srem 172
880 OPEN15,8, 15sINPUT#15,El$,E2$sPRINTEl$
;E25:CLOSE15:GOTO800 srem 102
1000 REM BUZZER srem 135
1001 P0KE36878, 15sPOKE36874,190 srem 206
1002 FORW=lTO300sNEXTW srem 117
1003 PQKE36878,0sPOKE36874,0sRETURN
srem 74
2000 REM BELL SOUND srem 78
2001 FORW=15TO0STEP-1 s POKE36878, W: POKE368
76,240!NEXTW srem 22
2002 POKE36876, 0s RETURN srem 119
3000 PRXNTC$;"[rvs3N0T ZERO PAGE OR ROM"!
GOTO1000 srem 89
64 Electronic Notepad
(Artiiiroii pii^e 112.)
BEFORE TYPING...
Before typing in programs, please refer to "How
To Type COMPUTEI's Gazette Programs," "A
Beginner's Guide To Typing In Programs," and
"Tnc Automatic Prijofrcader" that appear before
the Program Listings.
1 80=2 54 sSC=246!CH=14 srem 170
5 POKE53280,BO:PDKE53281,SCsPOKE646,CH
srem 17
7 PRINT" tCLR]";TAB( 10) ; "{RVS} ELECTRONIC
t SPACE 3 NOTEPAD " , TAB (6 ) " f DOWN} LOADING
(space) DATA. . .PLEASE WAIT" srem 83
10 B=885 ! C=998 s FORA=BTOC s READD s POKEA, D : NE
IB6 COMPUlWs Gazelle January 1984
yjY srem 221
12 B=491 52 !C=49407 sFORA=BTOCs READD s POKEA,
DsNEXT :rem 157
14 8=679:0=753 sFORA=BTOC;READDs POKEA, DstlE
XT srem 215
16 PRINT" (CLR} (down} ENTER 2 SECRET CODES
(0-255) :" SPRINT" (down] {SEPERATE EACH
BY A COMMA)" srem 100
17 PRINT" {down} (ENTER 0'S IF NO SECRET C
ODE) (2 down}" 3 POKE646,PEEKC 53281) sINPU
TA,B srem 25
19 POKE646,CH! IFA<0ORA>255ORB<0ORB>255THE
N16 srem 196
20 POKE249 , A s POKE250 , B s A=0 : B=0 j SYS679
srem 187
22 PRINT"! CLR} (down! { RVS}d{0FF3 ISK OR
{ RVS !t {off 5 APE?" srem 86
23 GETA$sIFA$=""THEN23 srem 237
24 IFA$="D"THEN30 srem 177
25 IFA$="T"THEN29 srem 202
26 GOT022 srem 5
29 POKE49303,lsPOKE49305,l!POKE49307, 255s
POKE49177, 1sPOKE49179,1 srem 163
30 PRINT" (CLR}";TAB(10); "{RVS} ELECTRONIC
NOTEPAD " srem 15
40 PRINT" {2 down} [3 SPACES } FUNCTION "; TAB (
30); "PRESS" srem 143
45 PRINT" {3 SPACES} ^8 T^ " ;TAB( 30) f "
E5 T3" srem 198
50 PRINT" {2 down! VIEW NOTEPAD PAGE"; TAB (
31);"F1" srem 120
55 PRINT" {down} CREATE NOTEPAD PAGE"; TAB (
31);"F3" srem 231
60 PRINT" {down} view DISK DIRECTORY" ; TAB {
31);"F5" srem 36
65 PRINT" {down} CHANGE PROGRAM OPTIONS ";T
AB(31);"F6" srem 249
70 PRINT" {DOWN} END PROGRAM" ; TAB ( 3 1 ); "F8"
srem 252
75 GETA$5lPA$="(Pl}"THEN200 srem 166
80 IFA$="(F3!"THEN600 srem 40
85 IFA$="{f5] "THEN400 srem 44
86 IFA? = " (fS 3 "THENPRINT" {CLR} " iCLRs POKE24
9,0sPOKE250,0iEND srem 238
87 IFA$="(F6 3 "THENRESTOREsGOTOI srem 102
90 GOT075 srem 14
200 PRINT" {CLrJ" srem 246
210 SYS49152 srem 151
215 GOSUB500 srem 173
220 GETA$sIFA$ = ""ORA? = "'«"THEN220 srem 49
230 GOTO30 srem 49
400 PRINT"{CLr3" srem 248
405 IFPEEK(49303)=1THEN450 : rem 215
410 SYS885 srem 57
420 PRINTTAB(7) ; "{RVS} (PRESS ANY KEY)"
:rem 194
430 GETA$sIFA$=""THEN430 srem Bl
440 GOTO30 srem 52
450 PRINT" (down} NO DIRECTORY AVAILABLE" s
PRINT" {down] PROGRAM IN ( RVS } TAPE
(off 3 MODE" srem 12
460 PRINT"E2 DOWN} ( RVS 3 (PRESS ANY KEY)
(space)" srem 78
470 GETA$:IFA?=""THEN470 srem 89
480 GOTO30 srem 56
500 CLOSE15:OPEN15,8,15sINPUT#15,A,B$,C,D
!IFA>21THEN510 srem 218
505 RETURN srem 122
510 PRINT sPRINT" [DOWN) {3 SPACES) {RVS} *DI
SK ERROR* "s PRINT "(down] {3 SPACES)
(rvs) ";B? srem 41
515 RETURN : rem 123
600 PRINT"[CLR}";TAB(9);"[RVSJ CREATE NOT
EPAD PAGE " srem 3
605 PRINT"! 2 DOWN J PRESS {RVSIfIIoFF} TO
{space} SAVE PAGE." :rem 83
610 PRINT" {down! press [rvsIfsCoffj to AB
CRT PAGE." irem 142
615 PRINT"! 2 down} (PRESS ANY KEY)"
:rem 62
620 GETA$!lPA?=""THEN620 s rem 83
622 PRINT"[CLRl"r : rem 57
625 GETA?{IFA$=""THENPRINT"EPi (2 LEFT}
";!GQT0625 : rem 197
630 IFA?="(LEFT}"THEN625 ; rem 119
635 IFA$="( right} "THEN625 s rem 252
636 IFA$="{H0ME}"THENG0T0625 : rem 44
637 IFA$=CHR$(34)THEN625 : rem 86
638 IFA$="-«"THENPRINT" {LEFTJ " ; !G0TQ625
: rem 93
640 IFA$="{UP}"THENPRINT" {LEFT} {UP] " r :G0
T0625 :rem 25
645 IFAS="{D0WNI"THENPRINT" { LEFT) (DOWN} "
; JGOT062 5
646 IFA9=CHR$(13)THENPRINT"
OT0625
650 IFA5="If1}"THEN680
655 IFA$="{f8}"THEN30
675 PRINTA?;" [ LEFT 3 " ; :G0T0625 t rem 251
680 PRINT" "f :POKE64a,60iPOKE53272,245:SY
S49278 jrem 193
6S5 GOSUB500 : 1 FA< 2 1THENP0KE648 , 4 ! POKES 327
2,2l!GOTO30 :rem 146
690 PRINT"(D0WN} {RVSJ (PRESS ANY KEY) "
: rem 66
;rem 30
";CHR$(13);:G
; rem 195
J rem 98
; rem 51
695 GETA$:IFAS=""THEN695
697 P0KE648,4;P0KE53272,21:SYS49
25
885 DATA 169,001,162,008,160,000
891 DATA 032,186,255,169,002,162
897 DATA 224,160,003,032,189,255
903 DATA 032,192,255,162,001,032
909 DATA 198,255,032,207,255,032
915 DATA 207,253,032,207,255,032
921 DATA 207,255,240,058,032,204
927 DATA 255,032,228,255,201,032
933 DATA 208,005,032,228,255,240
939 DATA 251,162,001,032,198,255
945 DATA 032,207,255,072,032,207
951 DATA 255,168,104,170,152,032
957 DATA 205,189,169,032,032,210
963 DATA 255,032,207,255,240,006
969 DATA 032,210,255,076,196,003
975 DATA 169,013,032,210,255,076
981 DATA 149,003,169,001,032,195
987 DATA 255,032,204,255,096,036
993 DATA 048,013,013,013,013,013
49152 DATA32,54,192, 160, 0, 162
49160 DATA207, 255, 201, 13, 240,8,1
49168 DATA193,232,200,76,7,192,
49176 DATM69,8,162,S, 160, 1, 3
49184 DATA255,104,162,240,160,19
49192 DATA255, 169,0, 162, 0, 160,
49200 DATA213, 255,96, 234, 234,234
: rem 107
374!G0T06
: rem 38
:rem 36
! rem 51
:rem 51
trem 30
:rem 53
: rem 41
;rem 37
: rem 41
:rem 39
J rem 48
: rem 41
: rem 42
! rem 49
; rem 42
J rem 50
: rem 48
: rem 46
! rem 57
; rem 27
, 0, 32
:rem 178
57, 240
:rem 127
152, 72
: rem 97
2, 186
:rem 206
3,32, 189
:rem 243
4, 32
:rem 188
,162, 0
irem 130
49208 DATA173, 134,2,157,0,216,232, 208
:rem 81
49216 DATA250,238,61,192,172,61,192,192
:rem 196
49224 DATA220, 208, 235, 169, 216, 141,61, 192
srem 237
49232 DATA162,0,189,94,192,32,210, 255
;rem 90
49240 DATA232,224,29,208,245,96,13, 17
:rem 91
49248 DATA69, 78,84, 69, 82, 32, 78, 79
srem 192
49256 DATA84,69,80, 65, 68, 32, 80, 65
:rem 172
49264 DATA71,69,32, 78, 65, 77, 69, 32
: rem 17 5
49272 DATA32, 32, 13, 234,234,234, 32, 187
:rem 84
49230 DATA192, 160,0, 162,0, 32, 207, 255
:rera 27
49288 DATA201, 13, 240,8, 157, 240, 194, 232
: rem 138
49296 DATA200, 76, 133, 192, 152,72, 169, 8
J rem 103
49304 DATA162,8, 160,0,32,186, 255, 104
:rem 31
49312 DATA162,240, 160, 194, 32, 189, 2 55, 169
jrem 248
49320 DATA0, 133,251,169,4, 133,252, 169
: rem 83
49328 DATA251,162,255,160,7,32,216, 255
srem 141
49336 DATA234, 234, 234, 162,0, 189,201,192
srem 188
49344 DATA32, 210, 255, 232,224, 18, 208, 245
:rem 183
49352 DATA96,147,13, 69, 78, 84, 69, 82
:rem 231
49360 DATA32,70,73, 76, 69, 32, 78, 65
:rem 165
49368 DATA77,69, 13, 234,234,0, 173, 134
:rem 50
49376 DATA2, 162,0, 157,0, 216, 232, 208
; rem 237
49384 DATA250, 172,229,192,192,219,240,7
:rem 201
49392 DATA200,140,229, 192,76,222,192,169
:rem 248
49400 DATA2 16, 141, 2 29, 192, 96, 234, 234,0
:rem 136
60679 DATA120,169,188, 141, 20, 3, 169, 2
: rem 43
60687 DATA141,21,3,88,169, 0, 133, 253
srem 246
60695 DATA169,4,133,254,96,165,197, 201
: rem 157
60703 DATA57,240,3,76,49, 234, 160, 0
srem 189
60711 DATA177,253,69,249,145, 253,200, 177
irem 249
60719 DATA253,69,250,145,253,200,234,20S
srem 238
60727 DATA239,230,2 54, 165,2 54, 201,8,208
.-rem 190
60735 DATA229,169,4,133,254,160, 0, 162
srem 86
60743 DATA0, 232,208, 253, 200, 208, 250, 76
srem 125
60751 DATA 49, 234, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
srem 119
COMPUTEI's Gazollo January 1984 187
Canyon Cruiser
(Article on page 96.)
Program 1:
Canyon Cruiser — 64 Version
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
400
410
420
430
440
450
460
470
480
490
500
510
520
530
540
RESTORE
GOTO 1 50
WX=INT(255-W
irem 181
:rem 97
IPWX<160THENWX=160
:rem 216
POKE53250,WX:POKE53251,ABS(W-25)
;rem 68
POKE53286, 7 : POKE53286, 2 : RETURN; rem 24
PRINT" tCLR) " : POKE532e0, 6: POKE53281 , 6
srem 149
PORW=0TO10:REftDR$(W) :NEXTW :
DATA" STARTER"
DATA "BEG INNER"
DATA"LEARNER"
DATA"FLyER" :
DATA"LEADER" :
DATA"ACE" :
DATA"LIEUTENANT" :
DATA"GENERAL" :
DATA" COMMODORE" :
DATA" FLEET COMMANDER" !
DATA"HAN SOLO ??????2??"
PRINT" [HOME} [5 DOWNJ " ; SPC( 15) ;
4 -CANYON" :
PRINT
PRINT" [HOME] [9 DOWN} " ; SPC( 11 ) ;
NSTRUCTIQNS (Y/N)"
PORW=1TO200:NEXTW
PRINT" (home) {9 D0WN}";SPC(I1) ;
CTIONS (Y/N)"
FORW=1TO200 : NEXTW
GETZ?;IFZ$=""THEN300 :
POKE53?80,0:POKE53281,0 :
IFZ$="Y"THEN1540 s
PRINT" {HOME} [5 DOWN} " r SPC(15 ) ;
4- CANYON"
PRINT
PRINT" (HOME) {9 DOWN) " ;SPC( 11 ) ; "
{18 SPACES}" srem 108
FORW=1TO50:P=INT( RNDtTI )*1000)+1024:I
FPEEK( P)=32THENPOKEP, 46 : POKEP+54272 , 1
: rem 180
:rem 43
:rem 240
POKEW,N: NEXTW
srem 99
FORW=1235 2T012414:READN:POKEW,N: NEXTW
jrem 93
POKE53276,PEEK( 53276 )OR2t0+2tl! REM SE
T MULTI COLOR MODE srem 254
POKE53285,8!POKE53286,2:POKE53287,6;R
EM SET COLORS srem 179
POKE53248,0:POKE53249,0 :rem 248
POKE53264, PEEK (53264) AND ( 255- { 2 T0+2TI
)) srem 95
POKE2040, 192:POKE2041, 193 : rem
POKE53269,PEEK(53269}OR(2T0+2Tl)
J rem
POKE53275,0 i rem
FORW=20TO160STEP2jPOKE53248,W!POKE532
49, WsGOSUB 120: NEXTW srem 30
FORW=160TO180STEP2 1 P0KE53249, PEEK( 532
49 )+3:GOSUB120: NEXTW : rem 232
PRINT" (HOME) il9 DOWN} (YEL} tRVS}";SPC(
13); "GET READY..." :rem 164
rem
138
t rem
1 27
:reni
1 65
:rem 1
rem
114
rem
158
rem
187
rem
236
rem
242
rem
154
rem
252
treni
1 66
"{WHT]6
rem
142
: rem
1 40
"{RVS}l
:reni
1 81
:reir
1 69
" INSTRU
:reiT
1 65
treir
1 71
rem
127
rem
237
rem
121
"E4a6
:rem 32
jrem 40
NEXTW
POKE53271,0:POKE53277,0
FORW=12288TO12350!READN!
83
22
39
550 FORW=181T02 55STEP2:L=PEEK(53249)+2:PO
KE53249, (L) * ( (L>255 )+l ) :GOSUB120 :NEXT
:rem 70
560 FORW=235TO255!POKE53251,W;GOSUB140:NE
XTW :rem 250
570 GOTO740 irem 112
580 REM ** DATA FOR THE SHIP ** srem 63
590 DATA 3, 0, 192, 15, 195, 240, 67, 0,
(space) 193 :rem 236
600 DATA 170, 170, 170, 171, 85, 234, 42,
150, 168 srem 18
610 DATA 42, 150, 168, 26, 170, 164, 34,
{SPACE} 170, 136 :rem 224
620 DATA 32, 170, 8, 32, 40, 8, 48, 40, 1
2 srem 123
630 DATA 0, 40, 0, 0, 40, 0, 0, 60, 0
srem 97
640 DATA 0, 20, 0, 0, 40, 0, 0, 0, 0
;rem 42
650 DATA 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
srem 197
660 REM ** DATA FOR THE ASTEROID **
srem 101
670 DATA 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0
srem 200
680 DATA 15, 92, 208, 0, 253, 252, 63, 20
7, 253 srem 130
690 DATA 63, 223, 255, 12, 252, 252, 63,
{space} 245, 60 srem 180
700 DATA 7, 127, 112, 15, 208, 245, 12, 1
24, 127 :rem 165
710 DATA 19, 255, 252, 55, 255, 220, 63,
[SPACE) 197, 244 srem 239
720 DATA 13, 63, 204, 15, 31, 76, 3, 61,
{SPACE} 240 srem 221
730 DATA 0, 3, 192, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
srem 51
740 GOTO910SREM ** RUN THE GAME **:reni 36
750 DATA"E63{RVS) {OFF}gK3{3 SPACES)
[RVS}EKi [OFF}" srem 29
760 DATA"E5f {RVS} {OFFlgK3{3 SPACES)
(rvs}BK3 {off}" srem 29
770 DATA"|43{RVS} {0FF3|K3{4 SPACES)
{RVS3|k3 {off)" srem 29
780 DATA"E3i[RVS) {0FF}EK3{5 SPACES)
{RVS)EKg [off}" srem 29
790 DATA"g2§{RVS) {0FF}EK3[6 SPACES)
{RVS}EK3 [off}" srem 29
800 DATA"E18{RVS} [OFF}iK3[7 SPACES}
[RVS}iK3 {OFF}" srem I
810 DATA" {YEL} [RVS) {OFF}Ek3(8 SPACES}
(RVS}EK3 {off}" srem 31
820 DATA" [BLU) [RVS} (0FF}gKg{9 SPACES 3
{RVS}iK3 {OFF}" srem 161
830 DATA" E 71! RVS) gLi{0FF}[3 SPACES}
(RVS}gK3 [OFF}" srem 50
840 DATA" 153 (RVS) ElM0FF}{3 SPACES}
{RVS}iK3 {OFF}" srem 49
850 DATA" E43 {RVS} iL3[OFF}{4 SPACES)
[RVSS|k3 [off)" srem 49
860 DATA"E33[RVS) gLi{OFF3[5 SPACES)
{RVS)gK3 {OFF}" srem 49
870 DATA"E2|{RVS) |L|!0FF}[6 SPACES}
[RVS}gK3 [OFF}" srem 49
880 DATA" El§{ RVS) {0FF}EKi[7 SPACES}
{RVS}|Hi [OFF}" srem 28
890 DATA" {YEL} {RVS} {0FF)EKi[8 SPACES)
[RVS}EH3 {OFF}" srem 58
900 DATA" { BLU} {RVS} {0FF}BK3(9 SPACES)
[RVS}iHE {OFF)" srem 179
188 COMPUTEI's Caiells January 1 984
910
920
930
940
950
960
970
980
990
1000
1010
1020
1030
1040
1050
1060
1070
1080
1090
1100
1110
1120
1130
1140
1150
1160
1170
1180
1190
1201^
1210
1220
1230
1240
1250
1260
1270
1280
1290
1300
1310
1320
1325
1330
1340
FORW=53248T053264:POKEW, 0SNEXTW
:rem 174
PRINT"{CLRl{2 D0WNl";SPC{15) ? " { RED]
{RVS]iAa+++++gSg" :reni 75
POKE53271,2!POKE53277,2 : rem 250
POKE53275,253 :rem 152
FORW=1TO10 srem 78
PRINTSPC{15);"{RED1 [RVSj-iQ^ {OFF}
{3 SPACES} {RVS}gW|{RED} (RVS}-{0FF}"
:rem 242
NEXTW irem 54
PRINT" [RED} JRVS} [4 SPACES} [PUR] [0FF}T
IME: 5{RED} (RVSi (2 SPACES } iA3ERi+
EX3{OFF){3 SPACES} {RVS}gzi+BR3
isi{l6 spaces}" :rem 32
PRINT" {UP}"; :FORW=1TO10!PRINTSPC(12) ;
"{RED}{RVS} §03 {off} [9 SPACES] {RVS)
|Wi {0FF}":NEXTW ;rem 155
POKE53248,160:POKE53249,74 : rem 192
PRINT" [HOME}" :rem 166
TI$=" 000005" :rem 42
PRINT" {HOME} {13 DOWN] {9 RIGHT} { PUR 3"
; :reni 97
A1=INT(10-VAL(TI$) ):PRINTA1 : rem 108
IFA1O0THEN1030 : rem 100
LDP=53248 :rem 234
FORSYP=74TO140 s POKE53249, SYPiGOSUB14
0!NEXTSYP :rem 231
PRINT",{H0MEH23 down}"; :rem 111
FORW=0TO7:READC$(W) :NEXTW :rem 132
FORW=0TO7:READBC${W} t NEXTW jrem 190
TL=12:C$=C$(7) :BC$=BC$(7) srem33
GOSUB1440:TI$="000000" j rem 169
C$=C$(ABS(LEN(C$)-11)) srem 110
E=PEEK( 53279 )AND2T0!lFE=lTHEN1290
jrem 210
IFTI>800THENC$=C$( (LEN(C$ ) -12 J ) ! BC$ =
BC$((LEN(C$)-11) ) SGOTO1460 :rem 155
IFINT ( RND{ Tl ) * 100 ) < 20THENC$=BC$
:rem 58
IFINT ( RND{ TI ) * 100 }=4THENGOSUB1440
:rem 10
TL=ABS(TL+( (INT{RND(TI)*3)-1)))
;rem 4
TL=TL-(1*((TL<C40-LEN(C$ }))+!))
:rem 116
TL=TL*({TL<0)+1) irem 116
PRINT!PB''N'TSPC(TL);C$? :rem 204
IFAS=1TKL;,1470 :rem 81
P=PEEK(203) !IFP=45THEN1280 :rem 23
IFP=50THEN1270 : rem 65
P=PEEK(56320)ANDi2:IFP=8THEm280
:rem 137
IFPO4THEN1290 : rem 81
GOSUB140:POKELD,PEEK(LD)+2iPOKELD,PE
EK(LD}+3:GOTO1130 : rem 40
GOSUB140:POKELD, PEEK(LD)-2 sPOKELD, PE
EK(LD)-3:GOTO1130 : rem 45
E=PEEK{ 53279 )AND2T0:IFE=0THEN1 150
srem 210
PRINT" {UP} [yel}":PRINTSPC(TL) ;"{RVS}
YOU CRASHED 1" :rem 11
R=R+INT(Tl/400) :IFR>10THENR=10
:rem 70
FORW=0TO1 50STEP2 : GOSUB140 : POKE2040 , W
:POKE2040,192:GOSUB140 : rem 95
P0KE2 041, W: NEXT : rem 189
POKE53280,0:POKE53281,0 :rem 28
PRINTSPC(6)"[RVS}Y0UR RATING: " ; R$ { R
) srem 186
1350 FORW=1TO10:GETZ?:NEXTW : rem 225
1360 GETZ? : IFZ$=" : "ORZ$=" ; "ORZ?=" "THEN136
0 :rem 158
1370 POKE53251,0 srem 86
1380 POKE2040, 192 !FORW=PEEK{53249)TO120ST
EP-1;POKE53249,W!GOSUB140; NEXTW
srem 157
1390 POKE53248,ABS( PEEK (53248) -10) !POKE53
275,0 :rem 42
1400 POKE53277, 1 :POKE53271, 1 :FORW=PEEK( 53
249)TO0STEP-1:POKE53249,W:GOSUB140
: rem 2
1405 NEXT srem 9
1410 RUN srem 187
1420 POKE53287,PEEK( 53287)+! srem 6
1430 T1$="000000":R=R+2:IFR>10THENR=10
srem 123
1440 IFAS=1THEN1210 srem 77
1450 AS=lsPOKE53250,ABS(PEEK(53248)-20) :P
OKE53251,255:RETURN srem 221
1460 GOSUB1420SGOTO1210 srem 73
1470 POKE53251,PEEK(53251)-5 srem 255
1480 POKE53251,PEEK(53251)-5 srem 0
1490 POKE53251,PEEK(53251)-5 i rem 1
1500 POKE53251,PEEK(53251)-5 srem 249
1510 POKE53250, PEEK ( 53250) -(5-INT(RND(TI)
*10) } srem 15
1520 IFPEEK( 53251) <20THENPOKE53251,0sAS=0
srem 96
1530 GOTO1230 srem 200
1540 PRINT" {CLR} {down) you ARE THE PILOT
{SPACE]0F A NEW SPACESHIP." srem 11
1550 PRINT" {down} YOU MUST TEST THE CRAFT
{SPACEJTO ITS LIMITS." : rem 23
1560 PRINT" {DOWNjYOU CAN FLY USING THE ;
{SPACE} AND ; KEYS," srem 127
1570 PRINT" {DOWN] OR USE A JOYSTICK (PORT
{SPACEJ2) . " srem 228
1580 PRINT" {DOWN} THE SHIP WILL CHANGE CO
LOR TO WARN OF" srem 146
1590 PRINT" {DOWN}CHANGES IN THE CANYON SI
ZE." srem 83
1610 PRINT" {DOWN} AT THE END OF YOUR FLIG
HT YOU WILL BE" srem 85
1620 PRINT" (down} RANKED. YOU MUST NOT HIT
THE SIDES OF" srem 152
1630 PRINT" {D0WN}THE canyon, BUT ASTEROID
S WILL FLY BY." rrem 6
1640 PRINT" {down} {WHTIGOOD LUCKlgS^ (H
IT A KEY TO RESTART)" srem 23 5
1650 WAIT198, 1sGETZ?3PRINT"{CLR}"; : RUN
srem 160
Program 2:
Canyon Cniiser — VIC Initialization
Ifui^itt;^ hipf rather tliiiii disk, Hue .W shouhl trad:
30PRINT"LO";CHRS(34);"VIC-CANYON.PRG"
10 POKE52,28sPOKE56,28:CLR srem 13
15 FORI=7168T07679iPGKEI,PEEK( 25600+1) sNE
XTI srem 176
20 FORX=0TO19 srem 27
21 READC srem 194
22 FORD=0TO7sREADEsPOKE716a+C*8+D,EsNEXTD
:rem 29
23 NEXTX -rem 252
30 PRINT"LO" ; CHR5 ( 34 ) ; "VIC-CANYON . PRG" j CH
R$(34);",8" trem L35
40 PRINTS PRINTS PRINTS PRINTS PRINT sPRINT"RU
N" srem 13
COMPUTEI's Gazette Jonuory 1984 189
50 PRINT"! 9 UP}"; : rem 138
60 END I rem 61
63000 DATA033, 231, 231, 231, 000, 000, 231, 231
,231 srem 173
63001 DATA034, 231, 231, 231, 231, 231, 231, 2 31
,231 srem 187
63002 DATA03S, 000, 003, 007, 055, 127, 127, 127
,063 srem 200
63003 DATA036,000,192, 248,248,252, 124, 238
,254 I rem 223
63004 DATA037, 123, 127, 063, 061, 063, 015, 003
,000 srem 195
63005 DATA038, 254, 238, 124, 252, 248, 248, 192
,000 srem 227
63006 DRTA042,214,124,254, 186, 186, 146,016
,016 :rem 223
63007 DATA043, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000,000,000
,000 srem 145
63008 DATA044, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 25 5, 255
,255 srem 243
63009 DATA047, 224, 224, 224, 224, 224, 224, 224
,224 srem 215
63010 DATA04B,240, 240,240, 240,240,240, 240
,240 srem 192
63011 DATA049, 231, 231, 231, 007, 007, 23 1.231
,231 irem 196
63012 DATA050, 231,231,231,224, 224,231,231
,231 srem 191
63013 DATA05 1,231, 231, 2 31, 224, 224, 2 55, 25 5
,255 irem 211
63014 DATA05 2, 231, 23 1,231, 007, 007, 25 5, 2 55
,255 srem 211
63015 DATA053, 255, 255, 255, 000, 000, 23 1,231
,231 :rem 199
63016 DATA054, 255, 255, 255, 255, 2 55, 000, 000
,000 srem 207
63017 DATA05 5,255, 255,255,224,224,231, 231
,231 srem 219
63018 DATA056, 255, 255, 255, 007, 007, 23 1,231
,231 srem 219
63019 DATA057 , 007 , 007 , 007 , 007 , 007 , 007, 007
,007 :rem 209
Program 3:
Canyon Cruiser — VIC Main Program
This pny^ram shouhi be SAVEd as ViC-CANYON.PRC
(see line 30 of Program 2).
90 POKE36869,240 srem 106
100 PRINT"{WHT}" srem 103
110 GOTO150 :rem 97
120 WX=INT(255-W) sIFWX<160THENWX=160
srem 216
150 PRINT" tCLRl" srem 250
160 FORW=0TO10:READR5(W) sNEXTW srem 138
170 DATA"STARTER" srem 27
180 DATA "BEG INNER" : rem 65
190 DATA"LEARNER" srem 1
200 DATA "FLYER" srem 114
210 DATA"LEADER" srem 158
220 DATA"ACE" srem 187
230 DATA" LIEUTENANT" srem 236
240 DATA"GENERAL" srem 242
250 DATA" COMMODORE" srem 154
260 DATA"FLEET COMMANDER" srem 252
270 DATA"HAN SOLO ?????????" srem 66
350 POKE36a79,8 srem 60
370 PRINT" [home] {4 DQWNH6 SPACES} VIC-CAN
YON" srem 153
380 PRINT srem 40
400 FORW=1TO50 5P=INTCRND{TI)*506)+7680sIF
190 COMPUJtVs Gazette January 198-1
PEEK(P}=32THENPOKEP,46:POKEP+30720,1
srem 148
410 NEXTW srem 43
540 PRINT"{BLU) [home] (18 DOWN} ( RVS} " ; SPC(
5); "GET READY..." srem 229
580 TI?="000005" srem 4
590 PRINT" (home} [11 DOWN) [RED} (8 SPACES}
(RVS)TIME 5[2 left}"; srem 68
600 A1=INT(10-VAL(TI?)) sPRINTAl;"{3 LEFT}
"; srem 206
610 IFA1O0THEN600 srem 7
740 GOTO920SREM ** RUN THE GAME **srem 37
3 spaces}"
srem 191
3 spaces)"
srem 90
PUR},/(5 SPACES}9,
750 DATA"
760 DATA"
770 DATA"
780 DATA"
790 DATA"
800 DATA"
810 DATA"
820 DATA"
830 DATA"
840 DATA"
850 DATA"
860 DATA"
870 DATA"
880 DATA"
890 DATA"
900 DATA"
WHT),/(4 SPACES)9,
CYN) ,/(4 SPACES)9,
GRN},/[6 SPACES)9,
BLU),/[7 SPACES}9,
YEL},/(8 SPACES}9,
red},/ (9 SPACES}9,
WHT},/{10 spaces} 9
WHT},/(4 spaces) 9,
CYN],/[4 SPACES}9,
PUR},/{5 SPACES}9,
GRN},/{6 SPACES}9,
BLU},/(7 SPACES) 9,
YEL),/(8 SPACES]9,
RED),/{9 SPACES}9,
3 SPACES)"
srem 88
3 spaces}"
srem 219
3 spaces)"
.•rem 221
3 spaces!"
s rem 84
3 spaces}"
srem 211
(3 SPACES)"
srem 189
3 SPACES ! "
srem 190
3 SPACES}"
srem 89
3 spaces}"
srem 87
3 spaces)"
:rem 218
3 spaces)"
srem 220
3 spaces}"
srem 92
3 spaces}"
srem 219
VfflT},/[l0 SPACES)9,[3 SPACES}"
srem 188
920 PRINT"{CLRJ" SPRINT" [UP)"; sPOKE36869,2
55 srem 23
925 PRINTSPC(9) ; "(red}71 I 18" srem 10
950 FORW=1TO10 srem 78
960 PRINTSPC(9);"(RED}";CHR5{34);"2 l"rCH
R$(34) -.rem 1
970 NEXTW srem 54
980 PRINT"[RED}, , ,, ,,,7514 3158,,,,,,";
s rem 135
990 FORW=lTO10sPRlNTSPC(6); "(RED) ,2
[7 SPACES } 1, "s NEXTW srem 172
1000 POKE7713,42:POKE38433,4 srem 34
1020 TI?="000005" srem 42
1070 FOR SYP=55TO297STEP22sPOKE38400-fSYP-
22,0iPOKE7680+SYP-22,32 srem 58
1075 POKE3B400+SYP, 4 ; POKE76B0+SYP,42 sNEXT
SYP:SP=297sAB=32:CB=0 srem 53
1080 PRINT" [home) [20 DOWN}"; srem 60
1090 FORW=0TO7sREADC$(W) sNEXTW srem 132
1100 FORW=0TO7sREADBC${W) s NEXTW srem 190
1110 TL=6sC5=C$(7) sBC$=BC$ (7) srem 244
1120 GOSUB1440:TI$="000000" srem 169
1130 C?=C?(ABS(LEN(C?)-11) ) :rem 110
1150 IFTI>800THENC$=C$( (LEN{C$)-12) ) sBC$=
BC$( (LEN(C9}-11) ) SGOTO1460 srem 155
1160 IFINT(RND(TI)*100)<20THENC9-BC$
trem 58
1170 IFINT(RND(TI)*100)=4THENGOSQ31440
ireni 10
1 180 TL=ABS ( TL+ ( (INT ( RND ( TI ) * 3 ) -1) ) )
! rem 4
1190 TL=TL-(1*( (TL<(22-LEN(C?)))+1) )
srem 116
1200 TL=TL*( (TL<0)+1) : rem 116
1205 POKESP+7680,AB;POKESP+38400,CB
:rem 48
1210 PRINT :PRINTSPC{TL);C5; : rem 204
1220 IPAS=1THEN1470 : rem 81
1230 P=PEEKC203) :IF P=64 THEN 1285:rem 29
1235 IF P=45 THEN 1280 srem 74
1240 IF P=22 THEN 1270 : rem 64
1260 GOTO 1285 : rem 210
1270 SP=SP+1:IF PEEK( 7680+SP) <>32 THEN 13
00 srem 93
1271 AB=PEEK( 7680+SP} sCB=PEEK( 38400+SP)
srem 227
1272 POKESP+38400,4 5POKESP+7680,42:GOTO 1
130 srem 254
1280 SP=SP-lsIF PEEK(7680+SP)<>32 THEN 13
00 s rem 96
1281 AB=PEEK( 7680+SP} sCB=PEEK( 38400+SP )
srem 228
1282 POKESP+38400,4EPOKESP+76a0,42sGOTO 1
130 srem 255
1285 IF PEEK( 7680+SP) 0 32AND PEEK(7680+SP
)<>42THEN 1300 srem 22
1286 AB=PEEK{ 7680+SP) sCB=PEEK{ 38400+8? )
srem 233
1287 POKESP+38400,4sPOKESP+7680,42 5GOTO 1
130 s rem 4
1300 POKE36869, 240 s PRINT" {CLR1"sPRINTSPC(
3);"CrVs1Y0U CRASHEDI" srem 63
1330 P0KE36879,8 srem 107
1340 PRINTSPC{5) ?"{RVS]Y0UR RATING s "
srem 160
1345 PRINTSPC(11-LEN(R5(R) )/2) ; " [ RVS 1 " ; R?
(R) srem 175
1350 FORW=1TO10:GETZS:NEXTW srem 2 25
1360 GETZ? s IFZ5 = " : "0RZ5=" r "ORZ$ = " "THEN! 36
0 srem 158
1410 RUN srem 187
1430 TI$="000000":R=R+lsIFR>10THENR=10
srem 122
1440 IFAS=1THEN1205 srem 81
1450 AS=ls RETURN i rem 230
1460 GOSUB1430SGOTO1205 srem 78
1470 AS=0 srem 203
147 5 F0RQ=1T0LEN(C$)/2sPRINT"ElEFT}"; :NEX
TQ srem 191
1480 PRINT" {2 Up!#$ED0WN3 {2 LEFT)%&"
srem 157
1530 GOTO1230 srem 200
Tetraciystals Of
Veluria
(ArlickonpageSG.)
BEFORE TYPING...
Before typing in programs, please refer to "How
To Type COMPUTEl's Gazette Programs," "A
Beginner's Guide To Typing In Programs," and
"The Automatic Proofreader'' that appear before
the Program Listings.
Program 1 1 Tetracrystals— vie Version
10 POKE52, 25 SPOKE56, 25 sCLRsGOSUB5000sCLR
srem 166
13 S7$="[rVS}{3 spaces} JoFFI £2 SPACES} ":C
7$="BWRCPGBy" srem 240
20 Gl$=" 2^ Y VALUE ^^{2 SPACES 1 " sG2$="AB
CDEFGHIJKLMNOP" sG3$="+^+i+E+3+
g+3+E+3+^+E+|+§+i+i+l+3+"!
CJ5="XYPC" srem 101
60 TG=lsGOSUB1100 srem 235
100 GOSUB8200:GOSUB6000sGOSUB8200srem 223
160 PRINT" f CLR} SPEED" sINPUTHF srem 196
180 PRINT"[DOWN}CHR?EdOWN1" srem 168
190 GOSUBB000 srem 226
195 IF(G$<"1")OR(G$>"4")THEN190 srem 119
197 G=VAL{G$)*4-lsPOKE7167,G srem 49
255 PRINT"{CLR} [3 SPACES];^ X VALUE
_^" s PRINT " [ 2 SPACES } " ; G2$ 3 SYS6401
srem 188
260 H=0 3PORG=1TO16;PRINTMID5(G15,G,1),-MID
5(G2$,G,l);MID5(G3$,H+l,16) sH=ABS(H-l
) sNEXTG :rem 125
280 FORG=0TO3 srem 11
282 PRINT" { home! "MID$ (CJ5, G+1, 1) srem 172
285 GOSUB8000 srem 231
290 IFG5="{Fll"THEN2a0 srem 100
295 IFG$="Ef7}"THEN510 srem 104
300 H=ASC(G$)-49;ONG+lGOT0325,345,365,385
srem 240
301 GOT0285 i rem 108
305 NEXTG srem 30
325 H=H-16sIF((H<0)OR(H>15) )THEN285
srem 198
330 PRINT" {home} [down H 2 RIGHT} " ;G2$ ; s POK
E7704+H,SlsXV=7726+HsGOTO305 srem 148
345 H=H-16sIFCCH<0)OR(H>15) )THEN285
srem 200
350 FORJ=lTO16tPOKE7703+J*22,JENEXTJ3POKE
7725+H*22,SlsYV=HsGOTO305 srem 4
365 IF{(H<0)OR(H>1) )THEN285 srem 250
370 PV=H+49sSB=2THsGOTO305 srem 76
385 IF{ (H<0)OR(H>7) }THEN2a5 srem 2
390 POKEXV+YV*22+30720,H:POKEXV+YV*16+302
08 , H: POKEXV+YV*22 , PV s POKEXV+YV* 16-558
,PV I rem 14
395 POKEXV+YV* 16-302, ( (H*16)+SB) sGOTO280
srem 31
510 POKE36879,SSsTG=l!CP=0sGOTO7S0:rem 52
600 SYS6406 3SYS6431 srem 108
650 SYS6577 srem 115
655 F0RG=1T0HF: NEXTG srem 45
656 GETG?sIFG?<>""THENGOSUB7000 srem 84
657 IFCPTHENGOSUB7310 srem 62
660 SYS6475sSYS6542 srem 123
690 GOSUB1000sTG=l srem 35
695 GOSUB1100 srem 230
700 SYS6401sSYS6424 srem 106
750 SYS6573 -rem 112
755 F0RG=1T0HF! NEXTG srem 46
756 GETG$3lFG$<>""THENGOSUB7000 : rem 85
757 IFCPTHENGOSUB7310 srem 63
760 SYS6468ESYS6535 srem 128
790 GOSUB1000iTG=0 srem 35
795 GOSUB1100SGOTO600 srem 240
1000 J=INT{RND(1)*16) sH=INT(RND(l)*3) s POK
E36874+H,PEEK{6993+J) jPOKE36878, (JOR
8) : RETURN srem 70
1100 POKE36B66, 128*TG+16 s POKE36a67, 32 s POK
E36864, 10SPOKE648, 2*TG+28sZ=TG*2+156
jrem 119
COMPUTei'a Gaielle January 1984 191
1120 FORH=217T0228 : POKEH, Z : POKEH+12, Z+1 :N
EXTH: PRINT" [home] ";: RETURN : rem 149
5000 OPENl, 1,0, "CRYSTALS T3/JAN" : rem 85
5020 FORG=0TO39:FORH=1TO16 :reni 82
5030 INPUT#1,Y;X=G*16+H+6400:POKEX,Y:PRIN
TY; iretn 225
5060 NEXTH.G : rem 197
5075 INPUT#l,L:IFL<>99999THENSTOP :rem 78
5080 CLOSEl: RETURN : rem 142
6000 SS=PEEK( 36879) :PRINT"{CLR] "SPC{66)s7
$"F1 BDR":PRINTS7$"F3 SCN : rem 166
6010 PRINTS7$"F5 REV"!PRINTS7?"F7 FIN
{DOWN}" :rem 210
6012 F0RG=lT08:PRINTS7$fGrMID$(C7$,G,l) ;S
7$:NEXTG :rem 216
6020 FORG=0TO7:FORH=0TO7:POKE385a3+G*22+H
,G:NEXTH:NEXTG : rem 200
6030 POKE36B79,SS : rem 219
6050 GOSUB8000:IFG?="{F1)"THENG=(SS+1}AND
7:SS=(SSAND248)ORG : rem 202
6052 rFG$="[F3}"THENSS={SS+16)AND255
; rem 216
6054 IFG$=" I F5 1 "THENG= ( SS+8 ) ANDl^ : SS= { SSA
ND240)ORG :rem 124
6056 IFG$="EF7j"THENRETURN : rem 227
6060 GOTO6030 : rem 206
7000 IF( G$ < " { Fl J " ) OR(G?> " t F6 1 " ) THENRETURN
;rem 144
7010 G=ASC ( G? ) -1 32 : 0NGG0T07 100 , 7 200 ,7210,
7300,7400,7450,7600 : rem 142
7100 CP=0: RETURN : rem 226
7200 H=25:GOTO7220 : rem 243
7210 H=-25 srem 227
7220 GOSUB8000:G=ASC(G$)-48:IF(G<0)OR{G>9
)THEN7220 :rem 116
7240 HF=HF+G*H: RETURN ! rem 36
7300 CP=1 srem 203
7310 GOSUB8O00 ! IPG$=" {F7 ) "THENRETURN
! rem 95
7320 IFG$ = ''{F11"THENCP=0: RETURN s rem 21
7330 GOTO7000 : rem 205
7400 PV=INT(RHD(1)*8)*16+1:GOTO7500
;rem 222
7450 GOSUBa000:G=ASC{G$)-49:IF(G<0)OR(G>7
)THEN7450 :rem 125
7460 PV=G*16+1 :rem 232
7500 XV=INT{RND(1)*16):YV=INT(RND(1)*16):
QV=XV+YV*16+7424 : rem 118
7510 POKEQV , PV : POKEQV+5 1 2 , PV ! RETURN
! rem 52
7600 RUN13 :rem 38
8000 GETG? !lFG$=""THEN8000 : rem 191
8010 RETURN srem 169
8200 P0KE36866, 150 t POKE36867 , 46 iPOKE36a64
,5:POKE36879,27:RETURN s rem 211
Program 2:
Tetraciystals — VIC DATA Maker
2 REM PREPARES {14 SPACES }DATAF I t-E FOR
(10 SPACES 5 TETRACRYSTALS : rem 142
5 DIMCS(40} ;rem 90
8 FORG=1TO40:READH:CS(G)=H:NEXTG : rem 38
10 PRINT" tCLR} CHECKSUM"? ; rem 83
13 FORJ=1TO40 jrem 10
15 TL=0 :rem 115
18 F0RK=1T016 : rem 19
20 READL:TL=TL+L :rem 248
23 NEXTK :rem 239
25 IFTL<>CS{J}THENPRINT!PRINT"TYP0 IN LIN
E";100+J*10:STOP ! rem 95
192 COMFUTEi'i Cazolle January 1984
28 NEXTJ :rem 243
30 READL:IFL<>99999THENPRINT" INSUFFICIENT
DATA":STOP :rem 152
32 PRINT" 0K{2 DOWNj" : rem 242
35 PRINT "GET DATA TAPE READY {3 SPACES] HIT
A KEY TO CONTINUE s rem 199
36 GETG?:IFG$=""THEN36 ; rem 1
37 PRINT: PRINT : rem 190
38 CLR :rem 76
40 OPENl, 1,1, "CRYSTALS T3/JAN" : rem 245
43 FORJ=1TO40:READL: NEXTJ : rem 114
45 FORJ=1TO40 : rem 15
50 FORK=1T016 : rem 15
53 READL:PRINT#1,L;CHR$(13) ; ! rem 143
55 NEXTK irem 244
58 NEXTJ jrem 246
60 READL:IFL<>99999THENPRINT "CHECK DATA":
GOT065 : rem 208
63 PRINT#1,L :rem 194
65 CLOSEl :rem 18
99 END :rem 73
101 DATA2175, 2423, 2474, 1942, 2180 : rem 98
102 DATA2431, 2113, 1935,2660, 2567 : rem 98
103 DATA2317, 1710, 2352, 2061, 1928 : rem 93
104 DATA2461, 2246, 1533, 2072, 1693 :rem 100
105 DATA1626, 1883,1556,1844,2604 : rem 113
106 DATA1715, 2310, 2659, 1771, 1900 :rem 109
107 DATA2411, 1971, 2168, 2142, 1770 : rem 101
108 DATA2510, 1251, 3302,0,0 srem 28
110 DATA169, 29, 208, 3, 234, 169, 31, 133, 252,1
69,0,133,251,234,160,0 srem 68
120 DATA145, 251, 200, 208, 251, 96, 234,169,29
,162,31,208,5,234,169,31 :reml79
130 DATA162, 29, 133, 252, 134, 254, 169,0, 133,
251,133,253,234,160,0,177 :rem 216
140 DATA253, 10, 9, 240. 133, 1,177, 253, 9, 15, 3
7,1,145,251,200,208 srem 166
150 DATA238,96,234,169,28,162,29,208,5,23
4,169,30,162,31,133,252 srem 143
160 DATA134. 254, 169, 0,1 33, 251, 133, 2 53, 234
,172,255,27,162,4,185,65 srem 182
170 DATA27,149,0, 136,202,208,247, 169,32,1
33,5,234,234,160,0,177 :rem 75
180 DATA253, 162,0,9, 16, 24, 232, 106, 176, 3,1
44,250,234,181,0,145 srem 220
190 DATA251,200,208,235,96, 234, 169, 148,16
2,29,208,5,234,169,150,162 srem 38
200 DATA31, 133, 252, 134, 254, 169,0, 133, 251,
133,253,234,160,0,177,253 srem 208
210 DATA74, 74, 74, 74, 145,251,200,208,245,9
6,234,234,169,29,208,2 : rem 94
220 DATA169, 31, 133,2, 133,252, 160,0, 132,1,
234.177,1,41,4,240 :rem 101
230 DATA5, 32, 204, 25, 164, 254, 200, 208, 242,9
6,234,132,254.169,0,133 jremlie
240 DATA253, 152, 41, 240, 208, 4, 169, 17, 133, 2
53,152,41,15,208,6,169 : rem 75
250 DATA34, 5, 253, 133, 253, 200, 152, 41, 15, 20
8,6.169,68,5,253,133 :rem 229
260 DATA253,165, 254,9, 15,168, 200, 208,6, 16
9,136,5,253,133,253,234 ;reml38
270 DATA76, 11, 26,5, 253, 133, 253,96, 234, 234
,164,254,169,48,37,253 srem 101
280 DATA208, 19, 152 , 56 , 233 , 17 , 168 , 177 , 1 , 41
,12,240,5,169.3,32 srem 137
290 DATA4,26, 164,254, 234,169,80, 37,253,20
8,19,152,56,233.15,168 srem 100
300 DATA177, 1,41, 12. 240,5. 169, 5, 32,4, 26, 1
64,254,234,169,160 srem 128
310 DATA37, 253, 208, 19, 152,24, 105, 15, 168,1
77,1,41,12,240.5,169 srem 230
320 DATA10,32,4,26,164,254,2 34,1d9,192,37
,253,208,19,152,24,105 !rem76
330 DATA17, 168, 177, 1,41, 12, 240, 5, 169, 12, 3
2,4,26,164,254,234 :rem 129
340 DATA169, 1,37, 2 53, 208, 50, 165, 254, 56, 23
3,16,168,177,1,41,15 !rem244
350 DATA234,2 34,234,234,208,34,165,2S4,56
,233,16,170,41,240,240,11 trem 215
360 DATA138, 56, 233, 16, 168, 177,1,41, 12, 208
,13,164,254,177,1,56 : rem 243
370 DATA233, 3, 134, 251, 164, 251,145,1,169,2
,37,253,208,41,164,254 :rem76
380 DATA136, 177, 1,41, 15, 234, 234, 234, 234, 2
34,234,234,208,25,164,254 : rem 228
390 DATAl 36, 152, 41, 15, 240, 7, 136, 177, 1,41,
12,208,10,164,254,177 jrem 22
400 DATAl, 56, 233, 3, 136, 145, 1,169, 4, 37, 253
,208,44,164,254,200 :rem 176
410 DATA177,1,41,15,234,234,234,234,234,2
34,234,208,28,169,1,133 : rem 121
420 DATA2 51,164, 2 54, 200, 200, 152,41, 15, 240
,6,177,1,41,12,208,9 ; rem 208
430 DATA164, 254, 177,1, 56,233,3,145,251,16
9,8,37,253,208,44,165 ; rem 45
440 DATA254, 24, 105, 16, 168, 177, 1,41, 15, 234
,234,234,234,208,28,169 !reml34
450 DATA16, 133, 251, 165, 254, 24, 105, 32, 176,
7,168,177,1,41,12,208 : rem 27
460 DATA10, 164,254,177,1,56,233,3,145,251
,234,164,254,96,234,234 : rem 135
470 DATA87,81,90,0, 219,102,160,42,63,90,8
3,88,43,37,36,28 : rem 57
480 DATAI63 ,175,175,187,195,201,207, 209 , 2
15,215,219,221,225,228,232,235
: rem 235
490 DATA0 ,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
: rem 75
500 DATA0 ,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
; rem 67
50000 DATA99999 : rem 44
PrO0rant 3: Tetracrystals — 64 version
10 GOTO9000:REM MACHINE LANGUAGE LOADER
;rem 113
13 S7$="(RVS}{7 SPACES} {OFF} (4 SPACES} ";C
7$="aLKWHTREDCYNPURGBLUYEL" :PS=53280
:RV=49760 srem 17
20 Gl$ = " ^-- Y VALUE —(2 SPACES} " :G2$="AB
CDEFGHIJKLMNOP" !G3?'=" + i + g + B + i +
:rem 181
30 CJS="XVALUEYVALUEPLANT#COLOR" : rem 97
60 GOSUE1100;REM NORMAL COLORS : rem 97
100 GOSUB6000:REM SET UP SCREEN/BORDER
:rem 51
110 GOSUB1100 :rem 212
160 PRINT" fCLR}SPEED? (THE LOWER THE NUMB
ER THE FASTER) "ilNPUTHF trem 14
180 PRINT" J DOWN} WHICH CHARACTER SET?
{shift-space} (1-4) {DOWN}" : rem 58
190 GETG?:IFG$=""THEN190 : rem 99
195 IF(G$<"1" )OR{G5>"4")THEN190 : rem 119
197 G=VAL(G$}*4-l!POKE49664,G irem 105
255 PRINT" [CLR} "SPC(130}"(3 SPACES}** X
VALUE _^"!PRINTSPC(52) ;G2$:SYS4967
0 :rem 100
260 H=0:FORG=1TO16:PRINTSPC(9)MID5(G1$,G,
1)" "MID?(G2$,G,1) ; : rem 90
270 PRINTMID$(G3$,H+i;i6) :H=ABS(H-1) :NEXT
G trem 194
280 FORG=0TO3 :rem 11
282 PRINT" { HOME } "MID$ ( CJ$ , G*6+l , 6 ) : PRINT"
*-Fl TO CANCEL-*-F7 TO BEGIN GAME-*"
:rem 173
285 GETG$!lFG5=""THEN285 trem 109
290 IFG$="[F1}"THEN280 : rem 100
295 IFG?="{F73"THEN310 :rem 104
300 H=ASC(G$)-49!0NG+1G0T0325, 345,365,385
:rem 240
301 GOT0285 srem 108
305 NEXTG :rem 30
325 H=H-16!lF( (H<0)OR(H>15 ) )THEN285
:rem 198
330 PRINT" {home} (5 DOWN} "SPC( 12 ) f G25 ; : POK
E1236+H,8l!XV=1276+H:GOTO305 : rem 44
345 H=H-16:IF{ (H<0) 0R( H> 15 ) )THEN285
:rem 200
350 PORJ=1TO16:POKE1235+J*40,J:NEXTJ:POKE
1275+H*40,81:YV=H:GOTO305 :rem 248
365 IF( (H<0)OR(H>1) )THEN285 srem 250
370 PV=H+49:SB=2rH:GOTO305 : rem 76
385 IF( (H<0)OR(H>7) }THEN285 : rem 2
390 POKEXV+YV*40+542 72,H!POKEXV+YV*40,PV
:rem 213
395 POKEXV+YV* 16+481 32, ( (H*16)+SB) :GOT028
0 trem 138
510 POKEPS,RB:POKEPS+1,SC:CP=0 trem 140
520 PRINT" {CLR} {DOWN] "SPC(7);"T E T R A C
R Y S T A L S":GOTO700 trem 248
600 SYS49670tSYS49695 trem 233
650 SYS49841 jrem 164
65 5 FORG=lTOHFt NEXTG trem 45
656 GETG?:IFG$<>""THENGOSUB7000 trem 84
657 IFCPTHENGOSUB7310 ;rem 62
660 SYS49806tSYS49739 trem 239
690 GOSUB1000tREM MUSIC trem 127
700 SYS49665tSYS4968B trem 240
750 SYS49837 trem 170
755 F0RG=1T0HF:NEXTG trem 46
756 GETG?tIFG?<>-""THSNGOSUB7000 trem 85
757 IFCPTHENGOSaB7310 trem 63
760 SYS49799tSyS49732 trem 244
790 GOSUB1000;REM MUSIC trem 128
795 GOTO600 trem 116
1000 REM MUSIC trem 38
1050 VM=(INT(RND{1)*3))*16:VM=VM+(INT(RND
(1)*16)) :rem 243
1060 POKE50688,VM trem 208
1070 SYS50689 trem 211
1080 RETURN trem 169
1099 RETURN trem 179
1100 POKE53280,254!POKE53281,246tRETURN
trem 8
6000 RB=PEEK(PS) t SC=PEEK( PS+1 ) tPRINT"
(CLR)"SPC(131)S7$"F1 BORDER" trem 195
6005 PRINTSPC(11)S75"F3 SCREEN trem 250
6008 PRINTSPC{11)S7?"FS REVERSE ;rem 91
6010 PRINTSPC{11)S7$"F7 CONT I NUE { DOWN }
trem 176
6012 FORG=lT08tPRINTSPC(ll)S7$rG;MID$(C7?
,G*3-2,3} tNEXTG trem 70
6020 FORG=0TO7:PORH=0TO7t POKE55627+G*40+H
, G t NEXTH t NEXTG trem 198
6030 P0KEPS,RB:P0KEPS+1,SC trem 133
6050 GETG$:IPG$=""THEN6050 trem 197
6051 IPG$="{Fl}"THENRB=(RB+l)AND15:rem 70
6052 IFG5="(P3 3"THENSC=(SC+l)AND15trem 76
6054 IPG?="EF5]"THENP0KERV, { ( PEEK(RV)+128
)AND2 55) trem 248
6055 IFG$="{F5 3"THENFORX=1344T01663iPOKEX
, ((PEEK(X) + 128)AND255) tNEXTX trem 31
COMPUTEi'i Gazette Jonuory 1984 193
6056 IFG$="[F7l"THENRETURN :rem 227
6060 GOTO6030 : rem 206
7000 IF(G$<"{F11")0R(G$>"[F6]")THENRETURN
srem 144
7010 G=ASC{G$ ) -132 :ONGGOTO7100, 7200, 7210,
7300,7400,7450,7600 :rem 142
7100 CP=0: RETURN : rem 226
7200 H=25:GOTO7220 srem 243
7210 H=-25 srem 227
7220 GOSUBa000:G=ASC{G$)-48:IF(G<0)OR(G>9
} THEN? 2 20 srem 116
7240 HF=HF+G*H! RETURN : rem 36
7300 CP=1: RETURN srem 229
7310 GOSUB8000: IFG$=" {F7) "THENRETURN
:rem 95
7320 IFG?="{F1}"THENCP=0: RETURN : rem 21
7330 GOTO7000 srem 205
7400 PV=INT(RNDt 1 )*8)*16+1:GOTO7500
:rem 222
7450 GOSUB8000:G=ASC(G$)-49:IF(G<0)OR(G>7
)THEN7450 srem 125
7460 PV=G*16+l srem 232
7500 XV=INT(RND(1)*16) : YV=INT( RND( 1 )* 16 ) :
QV=XV+YV* 16+491 52 : rem 170
7 510 POKEQV, PV:P0KEQV+2 56, PV: RETURN
:rem 57
7600 RUN13 :rem 38
8000 GETG$:IFG$=""THEN8000 srem 191
8010 RETURN srem 169
9000 DIMCS(54) srem 243
9010 FORG=1T054!READCS(G) sNEXTG srem 182
9020 PRINT"{CLR]"SPC{6};"T E T R A C R Y
{SPACE Is T A L S{2 DOWN} " t PRINT" — C
HECKSUMs"; srem 95
F0RJ=1T054 srem 119
TL=0 srem 218
F0RK=1T016 srem 120
READLsTL=TL+L srem 101
NEXTK srem 90
IFTL<>CS(J)THENPRINTs PRINT "TYPO IN L
INE";9340+J*10:STOP srem 8
NEXTJ srem 91
READLsIPL<>99999THENSTOP srem 83
PRINT" OK {down}": PRINT" — LOADING MA
CHINE LANGUAGE." srem 17
CLRsM=49664 srem 126
P0KEM,3 srem 168
FORJ=lT054sREADK: NEXTJ : rem 222
FORJ=1TO40 srem 122
F0RK=1T016;M=M+1 ;rem 231
READLsPOKEM,L :rem 107
NEXTK srem 91
NEXTJ irem 95
9030
9040
9050
9060
9070
9060
9090
9100
9110
9120
9130
9150
9155
9160
9165
9170
9175
9179
9180
9185
9190
9195
9200
9204
9205
9210
9215
9220
9225
9230
9240
9270
9272
9274
M=506a8 srem 111
F0RJ=41T046 s rem 178
F0RK=1TQ16:M=M+1 srem 2 38
READLsPOKEM,L srem 105
NEXTK srem 98
NEXTJ srem 84
M=50943 srem 94
FORJ=47T054 srem 181
F0RK=lT016sM=M+l : rem 227
READLsPOKEM,L srem 103
NEXTK srem 87
NEXTJ srem 91
READLs IFLO99999THENST0P srem 87
RUN13 srem 40
DATA2500, 2910, 263 7, 1944, 2015 srem 15 5
DATA2122, 2553, 2150, 2153, 2209 srem 148
DATA1612, 1875, 2521, 2061, 192asrem 166
9276 DATA2461, 2415,1534,2241, laeSsrem 163
9278 DATAI627, 2052, 1726, 1845, 2604:rem 171
9280 DATA1717, 2311,2660, 1772, 1910:rem 158
9282 DATA2412, 1972, 2169, 2143, 1771srem 167
9284 DATA25I1, 1251, 2546, 2115, 1718jrem 158
9286 DATA1762, 2481, 2247, 1939, 2497 srem 189
9288 DATA1436, 546,282, 778,929 srem 248
9290 DATA1246, 1495, 1077, 1002 srem 164
9350 DATA169, 192, 208, 3, 2 34, 169, 193, 133, 25
2,169,0,133,251,234,160,0 srem 237
9360 DATA145, 251, 200, 208, 251, 96, 234, 169, 1
92, 162, 193, 208, 5, 234, 169, 193 srem 149
9370 DATA162, 192, 133,252,134, 254,169,0,13
3,251,133,253,234,160,0,177 srem 72
9380 DATA253, 10,9,240, 133,2,177, 253,9,15,
37,2,145,251,200,208 srem 231
9390 DATA23S, 96, 234, 169,4, 32,81, 196,240, 5
,169,4,32,85,196,234 srem 20
9400 DATA172,0, 194, 162,4, 185,65,196,149, 1
,136,202,208,247,169,32 srem 146
9410 DATA133, 6, 234, 234, 234, 234, 234, 234, 23
4,160,15,177,253,162,0,9 srem 176
9420 DATA16, 24, 232, 106, 176, 3, 144, 250, 234,
181,1,145,251,136,16,235 srem 170
9430 DATA32, 101, 196, 144, 228, 96, 169, 216, 32
,81,196,240,5,169,216,32 srem 201
9440 DATA85, 196, 234, 160,15,177,253,74,74,
74,74,145,251,136,16,245 srem 213
9450 DATA32,101,196, 144,238,96,234,0,0,0,
0,0,169,192,208,2 srem 77
9460 DATA169, 193, 133, 3, 133, 252, 160,0, 132,
2,234,177,2,41,4,240 srem 224
9470 DATA5, 32, 204, 194, 164, 254, 200, 208, 242
,96,234,132,254,169,0,133 srem 234
9480 DATA253, 152,41,240, 208,4,169,17, 133,
253,152,41,15,208,6,169 srem 138
9490 DATA34, 5,253, 13 3,253,200, 152,41, 15,2
08,6,169,68,5,253,133 srem 36
9500 DATA253,165, 254, 9, 15, 168, 200,208,6,1
69,136,5,253,133,253,234 srem 192
9510 DATA76,11, 195, 5, 253, 133, 253,96, 234, 2
34,164,254,169,48,37,253 srem 210
9520 DATA208,19,1S2,56,233, 17,168,177,2,4
1,12,240,5,169,3,32 srem 192
9530 DATA4, 195, 164, 2 54, 234, 169, 80, 37, 253 ,
208,19,152,56,233,15,168 srem 209
9540 DATAl 77, 2, 41, 12, 240, 5, 169, 5, 32, 4, 195
,164,254,234,169,160 srem 247
9550 DATA37,2 53, 208,19, 152,24,105,15,168,
177,2,41,12,240,5,169 srem 38
9560 DATA10, 32,4, 195, 164,254, 234,169, 192,
37,253,208,19,152,24,105 srem 194
9570 DATAl 7, 168, 177, 2, 41, 12, 240,5,169,12,
32,4,195,164,254,234 srem 248
9580 DATA169,1, 37, 25 3,208, 50,165,254, 56,2
33,16,168,177)2,41,15 srem 52
9590 DATA234,234, 234,2 34,208,34,165,254,5
6,233,16,170,41,240,240,11 srem 22
9600 DATA138,56, 233,16, 168, 177,2,41,12,20
8,13,164,254,177,2,56 srem 43
9610 DATA233,3,134,251,164,251,145,2,169,
2,37,253,208,41,164,254 srem 131
9620 DATA136, 177, 2,41, 15, 234, 234, 2 34, 234,
234,234,234,208,25,164,254 srem 27
9630 DATA136, 152,41, 15, 240,7,136,177, 2,41
,12,208,10,164,254,177 :rem77
9640 DATA2, 56, 233, 3, 136, 145, 2, 169,4, 37, 25
3,208,44,164,254,200 ;rem 241
9650 DATA177,2,41, 15,2 34,234,234,234,234,
234,234,208,28,169,1,133 srem 185
1 94 COM PUJEt's Gazette Ja nuo ry 1 984
9660 DATA251, 164, 254, 200, 200, 152,41, 15,24
0,6,177,2,41,12,208,9 :reml6
9670 DATAI64, 254, 177, 2, 56, 233, 3, 145, 2 51,1
69,8,37,253,208,44,165 :reml09
9680 DATA254,24,105,16, 168,177, 2,41, 15,23
4,234,234,234,208,28,169 :reml98
9690 DATA16, 133, 251, 165, 254, 24, 105, 32, 176
,7,168,177,2,41,12,208 :rem91
9700 DATA10, 164, 254, 177, 2, 56, 233, 3, 145, 25
1,234,164,254,96,234,234 :reml90
9710 DATAB7,ai,90,0, 219, 102, 160, 42 , 65 , 90,
83,88,43,37,36,28 sremlll
9720 DATA162, 192,208, 2, 162,193, 133, 252, 13
4,254,169,132,133,251,169,0 irem 79
9730 DATA133,2 53,96, 234, 24, 169, 16, 101, 253
,144,1,96,133,253,169,40 :reml93
9740 DATA101,251,144,2, 230, 252, 133, 251, 24
,96,234,0,0,0,0,0 :rem 50
9749 REM — MACHINE LANGUAGE MUSIC —
{18 SPACES]COULD BE OPTIONAL: rem 147
9750 DATA173,0,198,10, 170, 74, 41 , 240, 74, 72
,74,74,74,133,251,104 :rem40
9760 DATA56,229,251,168,189, 32, 199, 153,0,
199,232,200,109,32,199,153 :reni 69
9770 DATA 0,199,136,132,252,162,7,185,0,1
99,153,0,212,200,202,208 :reml28
9780 DATA246, 169, 1,141, 3, 212, 169, 10, 141, 2
4,212,164,252,169,1,25 :rem 79
9790 DATA4, 199, 153, 4, 212, 162, 5, 160, 0,234,
234,234,200,208,250,238 s rem 128
9800 DATA3,212, 238, 24, 212 , 202, 208, 241,96,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0 rrem 99
9809 REM — MUSIC DATA STATEMENTS —
:retti 21
9810 DATA0, 0,0, 5, 64, 140, 48, 0,0, 0,0, 32, 152
, 105,0,0 :rem 99
9820 DATA0, 0,16, 57, 194,0, 0,0, 15, 0,0, 0,0,0
,0,0 ;reni 152
9830 DATA134,3, 180,4,71, 5,71,6,12,7, 12,7,
104,9, 143, 10 srem 80
9840 DATA143, 10,143, 12, 24, 14,24, 14, 195, 16
,209,18,31,21,30,25 :rem 168
9850 DATA49,28,165,31,135, 33,162,37,62,42
,193,44,60,50,99,56 :rem216
9860 DATA75,63, 15, 67, 15, 67, 69, 75, 125, 84, 2
14,94,121,100,199,112 :rem 63
9870 DATA12,7,97,8, 143, 10, 143, 10, 218, 11,1
43,12,24,14,210,15 : rem 118
9880 DATA195,16,209, 18, 31, 21 , 30, 25, 49, 28,
49,28,162,37,62,42 :rem 161
10000 DATA99999 : rem 40
Hardhat Climber
(Artick' on page 82.)
BEFORE TYPING...
Before typing in programs, please refer to "How
To Type COMPUTEI's Gazette Programs," "A
Beginner's Guide To Typing In Programs," and
"The Automatic Proofreader^' that appear before
the Program Listings.
Program 1:
Hardhat Climber— VIC Version
0 POKE51,192 tPOKE52, 29SPOKE55, 192SPOKE56,
29 I POKE36B69, 255 s POKE36878, 15 j POKE36879
,25 srem 83
1 D»37154iPl=37151:P2=37152:DO{0)=-ltDO(l
)=1:DI=D0(INT(RNDC1)*2) ) : rem 54
2 A$= ">>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> {left} {INST}>"
:DIMB(ll) :G=30720!E2=0 ;reml26
3 SC=I:CH=2!E1=0:D(0)=4:D(1)=2:D(4)=7:Z=5
7!E3=1:Q=10000:J=56 :rem 32
10 GOSUB100:POKE36869,255iE4='0sE5=2
;rem 246
15 GOSUB70:H=0:Y=0 ; rem 60
16 S=8143+INT{RND(1)*20) : IFPEEK( S+22 )=620
RPEEK(S)=59THEN16 srem 145
17 T=PEEK{S} : POKES, 58: POKES-fG,0 : rem 161
19 V=7712+B(Y) :W=62:DO=DO(INT(RND(I)*2))
srem 7
20 SYS82B:ONPEEK(l)GOT035,26,28,31,33
: rem 110
21 FORN=lT02 3:NEXT!GOT041 : rem 95
26 IFPEEK(S+22}=ZTHENP0KES,T!P0KES+G,D(T-
J) !S=S+22:GOTO40 ; rem 84
27 GOT041 ;rem 7
28 DI=-1 : IFPEEK(S+21 ) <62THENP0KES, T: POKES
+G,D{T-J) :S=S-l!GOTO40 : rem 147
29 IFT<>ZTHENPOKES,T:POKES+G,D(T-J) :S=S+D
l!T=PEEK{S) :GOT055 : rem 83
30 G0T041 : rem 1
31 IFT=ZTHENPOKES,TtPOKES+G,D(T-J) :S=S-22
:GOTO40 :rem 78
3 2 G0T041 :rem 3
3 3 DI=1 : IFPEEK ( S+23 } < 62THENP0KES , T : POKES+
G,D(T-J) !S=S+1:GOTO40 i rem 98
34 GOT029 srem 11
35 POKE36876,240!POKES,TsPOKES+G,D(T-J) :S
=S-22+DI:T=PEEK(S) : POKES, 58 : IFT=60THEN
55 srem 5
36 IFPEEK ( S+22 ) =60THENSS=SS+1000 s PRINT "
{home} { RVS 3 "TAB { S-LEN ( STR$ ( SS ) ) ) SS
srem 62
37 F0RN=1 T05 s NEXT s POKES, TsP0KES+G,D(T- J) s
S=S+22+DIsT=PEEK(S) s POKES, 58 s IFPEEK {S+
22)>61THEN55
38 POKES+G,0sPOKE36876,0:GOTO41 srem 102
40 POKE36B76, 200 jPOKE36876, 0 sT=PEEK(S) s PO
KES,58sPOKES+G,0 : rem 165
41 IFT=61THENSS=SS+1 50: PRINT" {home} {RVS} "
TAB(8-LEN{STR$(SS) ) ) SSsH=H+l :T=62 s IFH=
16THEN64 srem 240
42 IFT=60THEN55 srem 133
43 G0SUB98 :rem 88
45 POKEV,WsPOKEV+G,D(W-J) j V=V+DO: W=PEEK( V
) :POKEV,60sPOKEV+G,7 srem 145
46 IFD0=22ANDPEEK(V+22)=56THEND0=D0(INT(R
ND(1)*2)) SGOT048 ; rem 195
47 IFW=63THENDO=2 2 srem 90
48 IFW=5aTHEN55 srem 149
49 IFVO164THEN20 srem 242
50 Y=Y+l5lPY=12THEN55 srem 11
51 POKEV,62!GOT019 srem 92
55 POKE36876,0sSO=250iIFT=60THENT=W
srem 138
56 P0KE36B74, SO s IFPEEK ( S+22 )<>56ANDS< 8164
THENPOKES , T : POKES+G , D ( T- J ) s S=S+ 2 2 s T=PE
EK(S) sPOKES,5asPOKES+G,0 srem 185
57 FORN=lTO17sNEXTsSO=SO-5sIFSO>150THEN56
s rem 137
58 POKE36874,0sCH=CII-lsIFCH=-lTHENPOKED,2
55 5POKE36869,240sPRINT" {CLR} {bLK}"SSsE
ND srem 104
59 PRINT" [home] {RVS}"TAB{14)CHs sPOKEV,W:P
OKEV+G , D { W-J ) : Y=Y+1 s IFW=5STHENP0KEV , T s
POKEV+G,D(T-J) J rem 248
60 IFY>10THEN15 : rem 130
61 IFS>8163THENPOKES,TiGOT016 srem 100
COMPUTEIS Goielte Jonunrji 19B4 195
62 POKES, Sa:POKES+G,0!GOTO19 s rem 234
64 IFY=11THEN67 : rem 141
65 F0RN=Y+1T0H !POKE77L2+B(N) , 62:SS=SS+10
0 : PRINT " [HOME 3 { RVS ) "TAB ( 8-LEN ( STR? ( SS )
})SS:G0SUB98 : rem 194
66 POKE36877,250:FORM=240TO250:POKE36876,
M ! NEXT : P0KE36876 , 0 t POKE36877 , 0 : NEXT
srera 113
67 E2=E2+.05:SC=SC+1:E1=E1+1:IFE1>8THENE1
=8 srem 227
68 G0T015 ! rem 13
69 G0T069 : rem 23
70 PRINT" {CLR} [pur}",- : FORN=1T021 : PRINTA$ :
NEXT ! PRINTA? " [ HOME ) " : B?= " > 888888888888
88888888" : rem 108
71 PRINT" [2 DOWN} "TAB (6) "?>>>>>>>>? {red}"
: PRINTTAB ( 6 ) "9 ( PUR} 88888888 { RED} 9 " s PRI
NTTAB (6)"9>>>>>>>>9": PRINTTAB { 6 ) "9> > > >
>>>>9{pOR}" :rem 12
72 FORN=lT03:PRINTB$"[4 DOWN} " :NEXT: PRINT
B$"{H0ME}"; !POKE8185,62 : rem 162
73 PRINT "I RVS 3 "TAB ( 8-LEN ( STR? (SS)) )SS;TAB
( 14 )CH;TAB ( 17 ) SC: POKE7697 , 163 : FORN=0TO
ll:POKE7712+B(N) ,60 : rem 61
74 POKE7712+B(N)+G,7:NEXT!F0RN=7834TO8164
STEP110:IFN=8164THENa0 : rem 73
75 F0R0=1T03 : rem 230
76 R=N+1+INT(RND(1)*20) i IFPEEK( R) <> S6THEN
76 srem 17
77 FORM=RTOR+88STEP22:POKEM,57;POKEM+G,2t
NEXT!IF0>1ANDRND(1)<E2THENP0KER+(INT(R
ND(l)*2)+2)*22,63 : rem 203
78 IFRND ( 1 } < . 5ANDPEEK (R-22 ) =62THENPOKER-2
2,63 irem 170
79 NEXT srem 175
80 F0R0=1T0E1 I rem 37
81 R=-N+3+INT(RND(l)*16) t IFPEEK( R) O560RPE
EK ( R-22 ) < > 620RPEEK ( R+1 ) =620RPEEK ( R-1 ) =
'62THEN85 I rem 198
84 POKER,62!POKER-22,63 ;rem 98
85 NEXT ;rem 172
86 F0R0=1T04 :rem 23 3
87 R=N-21+INT(RND(1)*20) ; IFPEEK( R) O620RP
EEK(R+22}=62THEN87 : rem 227
88 POKER,61jPOKER+G,0:NEXT:NEXT : rem 25 5
89 POKE7710 , 63 : POKE7715 , 63 :POKE7731 , 63 :P0
KE7738,63 ; rem 125
90 FORN=7812TO8142STEP110:POKEN,63:NEXT:F
ORN=7833TO8163STEP110;POKEN,63:NEXT:RE
TURN ;rem 85
98 IFSS>=Q*E3THENCH=CH+1:E3=E3+.1 SPRINT"
{home} t RVS 3 "TAB (14) GH ! rem 253
99 RETURN : rem 82
100 DATA, 1,2 1,22, 23, 24, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47
! rem 197
101
102
103
106
107
108
DATA255, 2 55, 153, 102,102, 153,255,255,1
95,255,255,195,193,255,255,195,60,60,
25,255,188 s rem 54
DATA60, 36, 231, 3, 4, 24, 24, 60, 126, 126, 60
,60,66,165,153,153,165,66,60, ,24,36,1
26,126,126 :rem 11
DATA126, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, , srem 51
DATA169, ,133,1,169,255,141,34,145,169
,32,44,31, 145,208,5,169,1,133,1,96,16
9,8,44 :rem 98
DATA31, 145, 208, 5, 169, 2, 133, 1,96, 169,1
6,44,31,145,208,5,169,3,133,1,96,169,
4,44,31 srem 142
DATA14S, 208, 3, 13 3, 1,96, 169, 127, 141, 34
,145,169,128,44,32,145,208,4,169,5,13
3,1,96 :rem 102
109 FORN=0TO11 :READB{N) :NEXT!FORN=7616T07
679 :READM:POKEN,M: NEXT : rem 61
110 FORN=828T0899:READMjPOKEN,M!NEXT:RETU
RN : rem 89
Program 2:
Hardhat Climber — 64 Version
1 PRINT" {CLR} (7 DOWN} (12 RIGHT} HARDHAT CL
IMBER":POKE53280,ltPOKE53281, 1:GOSUB780
trem 76
2 POKE52,48:POKE56,48iCLR trem 231
5 PRINT" {CLR}" srem 153
6 PRINT" (7 DOWN} [12 RIGHT3 HARDHAT CLIMBER
srem 212
10 PaKE53280, l!POKE53281,l :rem 184
20 DO(0)=-1:DO(1)=1:DI=DO(INT(RND(1)*2))
srem 180
30 A$»" >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>
>>>>>(LEFT} {lNST}>":DIMBtll) tG=54272!E
2=0 srem 19
40 SC=l:CH=2:El=0:D(0)=4:D(l)=2tD(4)=7:Z=
57:E3=1:Q=10000:J=56 :rem 81
44 FORI=GTOG+24:POKEI,0:NEXT : rem 30
45 POKEG+24 , 15 s POKEG+5 , 17 j POKEG+6 , 240 : POK
EG, 100 srem 230
50 GaSUB710:E4=0:E5=2 srem 192
60 GOSUB500:H=0:y=0 srem 106
70 S = 1905-«-INT(RND(l)*38) s IFPEEK( S+40 ) =620
RPEEK(S)=59THEN70 trem 153
80 T=PEEK(S) : POKES, 58: POKES+G,0 srem 161
90 V=1123+B(Y) :W=62sD0=D0(INT(RND{l)*2) )
srem 252
100 JV=255-PEEK( 56321) :GETQ5 : rem 61
101 IFJV=lTHENJV=4sGOTO109 :rem 124
102 IFJV=4THENJV=3:GOTO109 trem 127
103 IFJV=8THENJV=5sGOTO109 :rem 134
104 IFJV=2THEN109 srem 252
105 IFJVAND16=16THENJV=lsGOTO109 srem 237
108 JV=0 srem 166
109 ONJVGOTO210,120,140,170, 190 srem 173
110 FORN=1TO23:NEXT5GOTO260 srem 193
120 IPPEEK(s'+40)=ZTHENPOKES,T:POKES+G, D{T
-J) sS=S+40;GOTO250 irem 178
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
215
220
230
235
240
250
GOTO260 trem 101
DI=-1 s IFPEEK( S+39 ) <62THENPOKES, T: POKE
S+G,D(T-J) :S=S-lsGOTO250 srem 250
IFT<>ZTHENPOKES,T:POKES+G,D(T-J) !S=S+
DIsT=PEEK(S) ;GOTO360 srem 173
GOTO260 trem 104
IFT=ZTHENPOKES,T:POKES+G,D(T-J) s S=S-4
0SGOTO250 trem 181
GOTO260 srem 106
DI = 1 E IFPEEK( S + 41 ) <62THENPOKES, Ts POKES
■t-G, D(T-J) tS=S + l :GOTO250 i rem 201
GOTO150 srem 97
POKEG+1, 17 3POKEG+4, 17 srem 156
POKES, Tt POKES+G, D(T-J) sS=S-40+DI tT=PE
EK(S) s POKES, 58: IFT=60THEN360 srem 43
IFPEEK{S+40)=60THENSS=SS+1000iPRINT"
{HOME} ( RVS }" TAB ( 8-LEN (STR5(SS)) ) SS
srem 105
F0RN=1T05: NEXT s POKES, Ts POKES+G, D(T-J)
:S=S+40+DIiT=PEEK(S) s POKES, 58 srem 204
IFS>1943ORPEEK(S+40)>61THEN360
srem 241
POKEG+4, 16s POKES+G, 0s GaTO260 srem 147
POKEG+1 , 9 s POKEG+4, 17 s POKEG+4, 16 sT=PEE
K(S) 1 POKES, 58tPOKES+Q,0 i rem 134
196 COMPUT£l'i Coinlle Januc5r>1984
260 IFTO61THEN270 :rem 36
265 SS=SS+150! PRINT" {HOME} f EVS) "TAB( 8-LEN
(STR?(SS) ) )SS:H=H+1:T=62:IFH=16THEN44
0 srem 160
270 IFT=60THEN360 i rem 231
280 GOSUB690 i rem 185
290 POKEV,W;POKEV+G,D(W-J) s V=V+DO!W=PEEK(
V) iPOKEV,60!POKEV+G,7 ! rem 195
300 IFDO=40ANDPEEK(V+40)=56THENDO=DO{INT(
RNDCl}*2)):GOTO320 !rem21
310 IFW=63THENDO=40 trem 131
320 IFW=58THEb?360 :rem 237
330 IFV<1944THEN100 :rem 73
340 Y=Y+1:IFY=12THEN60 : rem 57
350 POKEV,62:GOTO90 ! rem 141
360 POKEG+4, 16:80=250! I FT=60THENT=W
; rem 136
361 FORQQ=1TO30:NEXT :rem 16
365 T1=T :rem 180
370 POKEG+1, SO! POKEG+4, 33 : IFPEEK( S+40 ) <> 5
6ANDS<1944THEN375 irem 227
372 GOTO 380 : rem 112
375 POKES, T!P0KES+G,D{T-J) :S=S+40!T=PEEK(
S) !POKES,58!POKES+G,0 : rem 122
380 FORN=1TO17!NEXT!SO=SO-5:IFSO>1S0THEN3
70 !rem 231
390 POKEG+4, 16 !CH=CH-1:IFCH=-1THENP0KE532
72,21:GOTO1000 : rem 2
400 PRINT "{HOME} { RVS} "TAB( 25 )CH! POKEV, W: P
OKEV+G,D(W-J) ;Y=Y+1 : rem 43
405 IFW=58THENP0KEV,T1 : POKEV+G, D(T1-J )
: rem 124
410 IFY>10THEN60 srem 177
420 IFS>1943THENPOKES,T:GOTO70 : rem 146
430 POKES, 5a!POKES+G,0:GOTO90 : rem 24
440 IFY=HTHEN470 !rem 233
450 F0RN=Y+1TQ11:P0KE1123+B(N),62:SS=SS+1
00 ! PRINT " {HOME } { RVS } "TAB { 8-LEN ( STR$ { S
S)))SS jrem 187
455 GOSUB690!NEXT ; rem 54
460 POKEG+4, 33 : F0RM=9T01 76STEP2 : POKEG+1 , M
!NEXT!POKEG+4,32 :rem 50
470 E2=E2+.05:SC=SC+1:E1=E1+1:IPE1>8THENE
1=8 :rem 17
480 GOTO60 trem 59
490 GOTO490 !rem 115
500 PRINT" (CLR) {pur}"; :F0RN=1T022 : PRINTA?
! NEXT !PRINTA$"{ HOME}" : rem 220
505 B$=">88888S888a88&888888888S888888888
888888" :rem 15
510 PRINT"{3 DOWN}"TAB(15)"?>>>>>>>>?
{red} " :PRINTTAB( 15) "9{PUR58B88a888
[RED} 9" srem 121
515 PRINTTAB(15)"9>>>>>>>>9" : PRINTTAB ( 15 )
"9>>>>>>>>9{PURJ" srem 243
520 F0RN=1T03:PRINTB$"{4 DOWN} " !NEXT: PRIN
TB?"{H0ME}"; :POKE1983,62 srem 207
530 PRINT "[RVS} "TAB (8-LEN(STR$(SS) })SS;TA
B(25)CH;TAB(31)SC!POKE1054,163
:rem 157
535 FORN=0TOll!POKE1123+B(N) ,60 i rem 18
540 POKE1123+B(N)+G, 7!NEXT:FORN=1344T0194
4STEP200!lFN=1944THEN600 ; rem 143
550 FORO=1T03 .-rem 20
560 R=N+l+INT(RND(i)*38) ! IFPEEK{R) <>56THE
N560 ;rem 113
570 FORM=RTOR+160STEP40;POKEM,57!POKEM+G,
2! NEXT srem 3
575 IF0>1ANDRND{1)<E2THENP0KER+{INT{RND(1
)*2)+2)*40,63 :rem 132
580 IFRND(1)<.5ANDPEEK(R-40)=62THENPQKER-
40,63 :rem 216
590 NEXT irem 221
600 F0R0=1T0E1 irem 83
610 R=N+3+INT(RND(l}*36) -rem 50
615 IFPEEK(R) <>56ORPEEK(R-40)<>62ORPEEK(R
+1 )=62ORPEEK(R-1)=62THEN630 irem 82
POKER,62:POKER-40,63 : rem 142
NEXT srem 216
FORO=1T04 !rem 21
R=N-39+INT(RND(l)*38) !lFPEEK(R) <>620R
PEEK(R+40)=62THEN650 srem 77
POKER, 61 !POKER+G,0! NEXT: NEXT ! rem 43
POKE1122,63:POKE112 5,53:POKE1161,63!p
OKE1166,63 trem 129
FORN=:1304TO1904STEP200 SPOKEN, 63 sNEXTs
FORN=1343TO1943STEP200:POKEN,63:NEXT
:rem 90
RETURN :rem 131
IFSS>=Q*E3THENCH=CH+1 :E3=E3+1 iPRINT"
[HOME}{RVS]"TAB(25)CH srem 45
RETURN srem 119
DATA, 1, 39,40,41,42,78,79,80,81,82,83
:rem 231
DATA255,2 55, 153, 102, 102, 153, 255, 255, 1
95, 255 , 255, 195 , 195 , 255 , 255 , 195, 60, 60
: rem 3 1
DATA25,255,188 : rem 180
DATA60, 36, 231,3,4,24,24,60, 126, 126,60
,60, 66, 165, 153, 153, 165, 66, 60,, 24, 36
;rem 195
DATA126, 126, 126 srem 220
DATA126, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, , !rem 58
DATA169,, 133,1, 169, 255,141,34,145, 169
,32,44,31,145, 208,5,169,1, 133,1,96
srem 163
DATA169,8,44 ; rem 83
DATA31, 145, 208, 5, 169, 2, 133, 1,96, 169,1
6,44,31,145,208,5,169,3,133,1,96,169
trem 15
DATA4,44,31 trem 20
DATA145, 208, 3, 133, 1,96, 169, 127, 141, 34
, 145,169, 128,44,32, 145,208,4,169,5
!rem 176
DATA133,1,96 srem 76
FORN=0TO11:READB{N) :NEXT trem 251
RETURN :rem 133
780 FORI=0TOH:READXtNEXT:PRlNT"{9 DOWN}
[9 RIGHT} REDEFINING CHARACTERS"
srem 204
POKE56334,PEEK(56334)AND254:POKE1,PEE
K{1)AND251 srem 194
FORI=122aaT012288+256*8:POKEI, PEEK{ 1+
40960) sNEXTI srem 115
POKEl , PEEK{ 1 }0R4 ! POKE56334, PEEK( 56334
)0R1 irem 146
FORI=12288+56*aT012288+63*8+7 ! READM: P
OKEIjMsNEXTI : rem 158
P0KE53272, ( PEEK{ 53272 )AND240) +12
! rem 196
RETURN !rem 120
PRINT" {CLRJYOUR SCORE IS " f SS
srem 109
1010 PRINT" {6 D0WN}D0 YOU WISH TO PLAY AG
AIN (Y/N) ?"; !rem 158
GETA$:IFA9=""THEN1020 srem 169
IPA$="Y"THENPOKE53272, (PEEK( 53272 ) AN
D240)+12:GOTO2 srem 133
1040 IFA$<>"N"THEN1020 : rem 183
1050 SYS2048 srem 147
620
630
640
650
660
670
680
685
690
700
710
720
725
730
735
740
750
755
760
765
770
775
776
777
782
783
784
785
786
300
1000
1020
1030
COMPUWs Gazette Joriuoryl984 197
Cave-In For 64
(Article on pai^e so.)
BtmUIi lYPING...
Before typing in programs, please refer to "How
To Type COMPUTKS's GazL-tte Programs," "A
Beginner's Guide To Typing In Programs," and
"The Automatic Proofreader" that appear before
the Program Listings.
1 POKE56, 28!CLR:DEFFNW(X)=PEEK(37151)AND3
2:D=36a65!GOSUB6 : rem 186
2 PRINT" (CLR) (WHT]"SPC(73)"CAVE-IN"SPC{10
1)"{BLK1P1 for HELP"!G0T056 :rem 101
3 A$="+01-22-01+22+01":F=A+VAL(MID$CA$,D*
3+1, 3) )*V :rem 248
4 X=VAL(MID$(A$,D*3+4, 3)) : L=F+X:R=F-X; RET
URN :rem 118
5 PRINTSPC{230)"V" ! RETURN : rem 194
6 Y=30jPOKEB+14,42: POKEB+1, 150:GOTO8
;rem 112
7 Y=28i POKEB+14, 107 : POKEB+1 , 22 : POKEB, 25 : P
OKEA,VAL(MID$("235241243242",D*3+l, 3) )
srem 146
8 POKE648, Y!lFFNW(W)THENRETURN : rem 249
9 GOTOe :rem 170
10 PRINTSPC( 207) "H( DOWN) [ LEFT} |mM DOWN]
{LEFT)N":RETURN : rem 186
11 PRIKTSPC{161 )"M{D0V7N1m!D0WN1 [left}
EM3(D0WN} {LEFTjiM^lDOWN} {LEFT]
gMiU down} {2 LEFTJN[UP3N":RETURN
:reni 79
12 PRINTSPC(92)W$MID$(X5,37)"{2 DOWN}
{3 LEFT}N[UP}n{UP)N" :RETURN :rem 81
13 PRINT" [down! {RIGHTT"WSMID$(X$, 19)"
{2 DOWN} {3 LEFT)n(UP}N|UP]N":RETURN
:rem 34
14 PRINT"M"X?"{LEFT}N" :RETURN : rem 72
15 PRINTSPC( 209 )"tl[ DOWN] ( LEFT] iGi {DOWN}
(LEFT}M": RETURN :rem 191
16 PRINTSPC(188)"N{UP)N{2 DOWN} {2 LEFT}
E G 5 { DOWN ] { LEFTTE G 8 ( DOWN } [ LEFT }
gGg ( DOWN] { LEFT] M{DOWN) M" : RETURN
:rem 87
17 PRINTSPC(146)"N[UP}n{UP]N{3 DOWN}
{ 3 LEFT} icl "H1D$ ( Y$ , 40 ) W$ : RETURN
;rem 55
18 PRINTSPC(83)"N{UP]N{UP]N[3 DOWN}
{ 3 LEFT] Eg3 "MID? (Yf, 22 }W? sRETURN
: rem 8
19 PRINTSPC ( 20 ) "N"Y$ "M{ HOME ] " : RETURN
:rem 93
20 PRINTSPC( 229 )"£{ down] {LEFT} iTi " jRETU
RN trera 66
21 printspc(205)"Et3p{down] [leftI^mS
{down} {2 LEFT} i@3@^": RETURN : rem 141
22 PRINTSPC(15a)"E2 t3P"MID$ (X?, 40) "
{3 LEFT} ^3 T^": RETURN : rem 153
23 PRINTSPC(89)"|2 t3p"MID$ (X$ , 22 ) "
(3 LEFTJE3 T|"!RETURN jrem 109
24 PRINT" { DOWN }P "MID? (X5, 4) "{LEFT}ETi":
RETURN :rem 225
25 PRINTSPC( 231 ) "0{D0WN} {LEFT} ?T5 " :RETU
RN ! rem 63
26 PR.TNTSPC(210)"OiTi{DOWN3 {2 LEFT}
EGg { DOWN 1 { LEPtTlE @ § " ! RETURN
:rem 157
27 PRINTSPC{168)"OE2 T3{D0WN]{3 LEFT}
gG3"HID$(Y$,43T"i3 T3";RETURN
:rem 88
28 PRIN'rsPC(105)"Og2 Ti(DaWN}{3 LEFT}
gGS"MID?(Y$,25T"g3 T^ ": RETURN
:rem 80
29 PRINTSPC ( 42 ) "0"MID$ ( Y5 , 4 ) " ^Ti " : RETUR
N :rem 213
30 PRINTSPC( 230 )"|Ti{ DOWN] {LEFT}^Ta"i
RETURN :rem 14
31 PRINTSPC{207)"g3 T3(2 DOWN] {3 LEFT]
§3 @3":RETURN : rem 237
32 PRINTSPC ( 161 )MID$(Z$, 13 )SPC( 147 )MID$(Z
$,13) : RETURN : rem 104
33 PRINTSPC(92)MID$(Z$,7)"{DOWN]"SPC(251)
MID$(Z$,7) :RETURN :rem51
34 PRINTSPC{23)Z$SPC(154)SPC(245}Z?"
{HOME}" :RETURN :rem 160
35 PRINT" {CLR} {WHT}" :FORV=0TO5 :G0SUB3 : IFP
EEK(F)=32THENPRINT" {HOME} " :0NVG0SUB34,
33,32,31,30!GOTO41 :rem 226
36 PRINT" {HOME}" : IFPEEK( L)=3 2THEN0NV+1G0S
UB14, 13, 12,11, 10, 5JGOT038 srera 86
37 ONV+1GOSUB24,23,22,21,20, 5 :rem 62
38 PRINT" {HOME] " ! IFPEEK(R)=32THEN0NV+1G0S
UB19,18, 17, 16, 15, 5:GOTO40 :rem 112
39 ONV+1GOSUB29, 28, 27,26,25, 5 jrem 89
40 NEXT :rem 153
41 GOSUB77!W=PEEK{ 37151) : IFY=30GOTO44
: rem 251
42 IF{ WAND32 ) =0THENPOKEB, Z : G0SUB6 : POKEA, X
jrem 134
43 G0T041 :rem 5
44 IFK=0ANDP <TITHENX=PEEK{ B ) + 1 : POKEB, X : P=
TI+40:IPX=12 2THENRETURN ;rem 167
45 IF(WAND4)GOT051 : rem 70
46 V=l ! G0SUB3 : IFPEEK(F) <>32THENA=F: POKE30
720+A, l:GOT035 :rem 123
47 IFA=7397ANDK=0THENRETURN s rem 236
48 IFPEEK(A) O13G0T051 :rem 47
49 K=K-1:PRINTSPC(116)"MAN FOUND"SPC( 34) "
MEN LEFT="K: POKEA, 160 :rem 178
50 IFK=0THENPRINTSPC (72) "CAVE-IN" sIFGTHEN
0=1 :rem 43
51 IF(WAND16 )=0THEND=VAL(MID$(D$,D+3, 1) ) :
GOT035 :rem 229
52 PQKE37154,127!X=PEEK{37I52)AND128:POKE
37154, 255:IFX=0THEND=VAL(M1D$(D$,D+1,1
) ) :GOT03 5 : rem 11?
53 IF ( WANDS )=0THEND=VAL(MID$(D5,D+4, 1) ) :G
OT03 5 :rem 185
54 IF{WAND32}=0ANDO=0THENZ=PEEK(B) :X=PEEK
(A) :G0SUB7 s rem 201
55 G0T041 srem 8
56 D=3!D$="+02-44-02+44"!pRINTSPC(91) "
{WHT}MINE being DUG ! rem 131
57 POKE64a,28:A=7397:X$="{21 SPACES}" :PRI
NT" fCLR] {RVS] {CYN] "X$; :F0RW=1T021
:rem 142
58 PRINT" {OFF} {BLU}"X$" {CYN} {RVS} ";:NEXT
: PRINTX$ " { HOME } " : POKE7673 , 160 : POKE3839
3,3:PRINTSPC(141) "{WHT]E : rem 131
59 GOSUB77;X=INT(BND(l)*4) :Y=X : rem 83
60 W=A+VAL(MID${D$,X*3+1,3) ) : rem 237
61 IFPEEK ( W ) =32THENZ=0 : POKEW, X : POKEA+VAL (
MID$(D$,X*3+1,3) )/2,160:A=W:GOTO59
:rem 15
62 X=(X+1)*-{X<3) :IFX<>YGOTO60 :rem 4
63 X=PEEKtA) : POKEA, 160 : IFZ=0THENPOKEA, 13:
Z=l!K=K+l :r-em 76
198 COMPUTERS Gazallt' Jgmjaryl98'l
64 IFX<>5THENA=A-VAL(MID$(D$,X*3+1,3)) sGO
T059 ;retn 131
65 W$="M{D0WN3MtD0WN}M":X$=" jDOWNl [LEFT]
E Mi [DOWN] [LEFT] EMilDOWNl {LEFT]
EM^ioOWN) [LEFT] EM§( DOWN} [LEFT]
EM3(DOWNj[LEFT]EMg[DOWN3{LEFT]
BMi[DOWN] [LEFTlEM^fDOWN} [LEFT]
gMi[DOWN] [LEFT] EMi {down! {LEFT]
Em|(down] [ left ]Em3( down} [left]
|Mi[DOWNj [left] EM? [DOWN] {LEFT]
EM3{D0WNi {LEFTjEMifDOl-JN] {LEFT]
|M3{D0WN} ( LEFT ]§Hd DOWN} {LEFT]
§Mi{DOWNi :rem 101
66 Y$="(D0WN] [left] Eg3 {down] {LEFT]iG3
{down} { left] EG3 {down} (LEFT}gG3
[DOWN] (left} BGg{ down] ! LEFT} id
{DOWN} ( LEFT] BG^f DOWN} ElEFT]Bg3
{DOWM] (left] icii down} (LEFTJ^Gf
{ DOWN] { LEFT Jgaif DOWN] { left] gG§
{DOWNnLEFT)gG3[DOWN)[LEFT]gG3 .
{DOWN] { LEFT ]iG8 (DOWN) {LEFT}§Gi
(DOWN} {LEFT} Eg! {DOWN] {LEFT]EGi
(DOWN} (LEFT 3 iGB{ DOWN} {LEFT] jrem 31
67 DS="3012301" !G0SUB6:Z$="B19 TE":P0KE
A, 209!GOSUB35 rrem 133
68 GOSUB7:PQKE217, I56:P0KE21S, 156:rein 188
69 PRINT" {HOME} {RVS} {CYN] PRESS THE FIRE B
UTTON (OFF] [RIGHT HwHT}TWICE=PLAY - ONC
E=END trem 91
70 FORW=37933T038329STEP22 : FORX=0TOia; POK
EW+X,1: NEXT [NEXT ! rem 187
71 GOSUB77:IFFNW{X)GOT071 s rem 84
72 G0SUB6! PRINT" {CLR} jrem 155
73 IFFNW(X}=0GOTO73 srem 157
74 FORW=0TO30:IFFNW(X}=0GOTO88 :rem 143
75 NEXT srem 171
76 POKE56,30!CLRiEND srem 194
77 GETA$!lFA?<>CHR9{133)THENRETURN:rem 83
78 POKES, 25 :G0SUB6t PRINT" {CLR] PICK ONE
{BLK}" : print "[down] P1=N0VICE" s PRINT"
{down] F3=ADVANCED srem 20
79 PRINT"{D0WN} F5=0LD MAP" ; print "(down]
{ SPACE] F7=END" : PRINT" {DOWN} {WHT]*CURRE
NT LEVEL :rem 56
80 PRINT" {3 DOWN] GOAL- {BLK} FIND THE MINER
S"SPC(7)"AND GET BACK srem 112
81 PRINT" {WHT] {2 DOWN} JOYSTICK- ( BLK} MOVE"
!PRINT"SEE MAP QT : rem 152
82 PRINT"SEE LEFT<W>SEE RIGHT"SPC { 11 } "V"S
PC(1S)"SEE BACKThOME) {WHT} " ;IFGTHENPRI
NT" {3 D0WN]*":G0T084 ;rem 88
83 PRINT" {DOWN}* : rem 85
84 GETA$:IFA$<>""THENW=ASC(A5)-132:0NABS(
W)GOTOa6,e7,68,72 : rem 118
85 GOT084 : rem 18
86 G=:0!GOTOa8 : rem 5
87 G=l :rem 36
88 O=0jK=0!PRINT"[CLR}":GOTO56 : rem 154
Alpha-Shoot
(Article 01! iHi;^i> 118.)
Program 1 : Alpha-Shoot — vie version
5 PRINT" [CLR}";Y=7900:SV=36878!SS=36876:C
L=36879:POKECL,78:POKESV,14 : rem 223
7 H=8108sCL=30720;J=37137jPOKE650,12B:POK
E651,l srem 130
8 DIM AB(26) :F0RX=lT026!AB(X)=32tNBXTX
:rem 25
10 GOSUB200 srem 115
12 GOSUB40 srem 71
14 GOSUB215 ! FORX=8120TO8141 : POKEX, 67 s POKE
X+30720,3tNEXTX ; rem 225
16 GOSUB250SGOSUB265 j rem 213
30 GOSUB435:GOT016 srem 89
40 PRINT" {CLR3"sRESTORE:Y=7900 : rem 198
42 READLjIFL=0THEN90 srem 232
43 POKE Y,L srem 103
50 POKEY, L! READ P: POKESS, Ps READ D srem 48
60 F0RX=1T0D: NEXTX; POKESS, 0 srem 54
70 Y=Y+l!FORX=lTO10:NEXTXsIFL=32THENY=Y-l
srem 161
80 IFY=7922THENY=7952 srem 253
85 GOTO 42 srem 12
90 READA5sIFA?="0"THEN100 srem 137
92 READP:READD srem 113
95 PRINT" (4 right] "A? s POKESS, P srem 163
97 F0RX=1T0D s NEXTX s POKESS , 0 :FORX=1TO10 : NE
XTXjPRINT"{home}"sGOTO90 srem 246
100 FORX=lTO1500sNEXTX: RETURN srem 146
170 DATA 1,135,310,2,133,310,3,175,310,4,
175,310,5,183,310,6,183,310 srem 239
173 DATA 7,175,615,8,163,310,9,163,310,10
,159,310,11,159,310 srem 131
175 DATA 12,147,120,13,147,120,14,147,120
,15,147,120,16,135,602 : rem 5
177 DATA17, 173, 310, 18, 175, 310, 19, 163,601,
20, 159, 310
170 DATA2 1,159, 310, 22, 147,601,23,17 5,121
srem 221
179 DATA 32,175,121,32,175,231,24,163,601
,25,159,310,32,159,310 srem 26
181 DATA 26,147,605,0 srem 7
183 DATA"NOW",135,310, "(4 RIGHT] I" , 135 , 31
0,"{6 RIGHT]KNOW",175,310 srem 11
184 DATA" {11 RIGHT}MY",175,310 srem 105
185 DATA" {down} [4 RIGHT}A" , 183, 310, "
{down] (5 RIGHT ]b", 183, 310, "EdOWN]
[6 RIGHT]c'S", 175,610 srem 158
187 DATA" (2 DOWN]nEXT" , 163 , 310 , " E 2 DOWN]
{5 RIGHTJtIME", 163,310, "{2 DOWN]
(10 RIGHt]W0N'T", 159,310 srem 107
189 DATA" {3 DOWN] YOU" , 159 , 310, "{ 3 DOWN]
[4 RIGHT}SING", 147,310, "{3 DOWN}
(9 RIGHT)WITH",147,310 srem 247
190 DATA" {5 down] {5 RIGHTJmE" , 135 , 630 , "0"
s rem 154
200 PRINTTAB{ 5 ) s PRINT"ALPHA-SH0GT"
srem 167
202 LE=-1 sKR=0 I rem 4
204 PRINT"{2 D0WN}WHICH GAME- 1,2, 3, OR 4"
s rem 50
205 POKE198,0:WAIT198,lsGETA$s srem 235
206 IFA$="1"THEN211 ! rem 1
207 IFA?="2"THENLE=0:GOTO 211 srem 116
208 IFA$="3"THENLE=1:G0T0 211 srem 119
209 IPAS="4"THENLE=2:GOTO 211 srem 122
210 GOTO205 srem 99
211 RETURN srem 116
215 R$="ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
srem 110
225 PRINT"{CLR]"sPOKEH,83sPOKE36879,10sGO
SUB228:POKE7703+V,RsRETURN srem 245
228 R=INT(LEN(R?)*RNDC1)+1) sP=ASC{MID$ ( R$
, R, 1) )-64 srem 31
229 IFLE=1THEN232 srem 241
COMPUWsGazello Jonuory 19B4 199
2 30 R$=LEFT$ ( R$ , R-1 ) +R1GHT5 ( R$ , LEN ( R$ ) -R)
: rem 31
232 R=P:V=INT(RND(l}*350-)-l) : rem 3
236 IFLE=0THENKR=KR+l!R=KR : rem 144
237 IPLE=1THENWA1T198, 1 :GETB? : R=ASC{ B$ )-6
4 : rem 251
238 IFR>260RR<1THENR=1 : rem 115
239 RETURN : rem 126
250 POKE37139,0:X=(PEEK(37137)AND60)/4
: rem 96
252 POKE37154, 127 :J=PEEK( 37152 )AND128 : POK
E37154,255 :rem 110
255 IFX=HTHEND=-l:GOSUB275 rrem 136
257 IFJ=0 TilEND= l:GOSUB275 : rem 29
259 IFX=7THENGOSUB300 : rem 61
260 RETURN : rem 120
265 GETA?!lFA$=""THENGOTO270 s rem 146
266 IFA5="C"THEND=-1 :G0SUB275 : rem 188
267 IFA$="B"THEND=+l:GOSUB275 : rem 186
268 IFA$=" "THENGOSUB300 : rem 87
270 RETURN ; rem 121
275 X=>H+D:lFX<809aOR)C>8119THENRETURN
srem 5 7
276 POKESS, 130 ! POKEH, 32 iPOKEX, 83 :H=X
: rem 229
278 POKESS,0: RETURN : rem 236
300 G=H:FORU=lT019:G=G-22 :IFPEEK(G) 032TH
ENPOKEG, 32:POKEG+22, 32 :GOTO350: rem 92
305 POKESS , U+220 : POKEG , 30 : IFU> 1THENP0KEG+
22,32 :rem 62
306 GOSUB43 5 sNEXTU : POKESS , 0 : POKEG , 32 : RETU
RN : rem 73
350 POKESS, 0: POKE36877 , 220 s FORL=13TO0STEP
-1 :POKE36878, L:POKE36879,40:GOSUB375
:rem 208
355 NEXTL!POKE36877,0:POKE36878, 14:GOSUB3
90 :rem 92
357 POKE36879,10!GOSUB228!POKE7703+V,R:RE
TURN :rem 21
37 5 POKEG , 90 s POKEG+22 , 42 : POKEG-22 , 42 : POKE
G+1 ,42:POKEG-l,42 : rem 140
377 POKEG+23 , 77 : POKEG-23 , 77 : POKEG-21 , 78 ; P
OKEG+21,78 :rem 209
379 POKEG, 32! POKEG+22, 32 : POKEG-22, 32 : POKE
G-l,32:POKEG+l,32 : rem 136
381 PQKEG-23 , 32 ; POKEG-t-23, 32 ! POKEG-21 , 32 r P
OKEG+21,32:RETURN : rem 192
390 AB(R)=R:F0RX=1T022:P0KE8141+X,AB{X} :P
OKEai41+X+30720, 7 :rem 149
392 NEXTX:FORX=23TO26;POKE8150+X,ABCX):PO
KE8150+X+30720,7:NEXT : rem 42
394 F0RX=1T026:IFAB(X)=32THENRETURN
:rem 254
395 NEXTX:F0RX=1T026:AB{X)=32 !NEXTX:P0KE3
6879,78:FORW=1TO1000:NEXTW:GOSUE40:RU
N :rem 127
435 IFLE<2THENRETURN : rem 57
436 Q=V+7703:IFPEEK(162)<41 THEN RETURN
: rem 5
440 1PQ>8074THENPOKEQ,32:V=2:RETURN
!rem 226
442 POKEQ, 32:P0KEQ+1,R!V=V+1 ! PQKE162,0
: rem 28
445 RETURN : rem 125
Program 2: Alpha-Shoot — 64 version
4 POKE5 3 2S0,6;POKE53281,1:PORT=54272TO542
96:POKET,0:NEXTT :rem 248
5 PRINT"{CLRj":y=1424:HF=54273:LF=54272:C
L=542 72 : POKES4296 , 15 : POKE542 77 ,66
: rem 100
6 POKE54278,68:POKE54284,17!POKE54285,250
:POKE54279, 100:POKE54280,100 : rem 155
7 H=179S!PQKE650, 128:POKE651,l : rem 194
8 DIM AB(26) :F0RX=1T026!AB(X)=32:NEXTX
: rem 25
10 GOSUB200 :rem 115
12 GOSUB40 :rem 71
14 GOSUB215 ! F0RX=1824T01863 : POKEX, 67 : POKE
X+54272,3:NEXTX : rem 241
16 GOSUB250:GOSUB265 :rem 213
30 G0SUB435:G0T016 j rem 89
40 PRINT" {CLRl ": RESTORE: POKE532ai, Is Y=155
1 srem 139
42 READL:IFL=0THEN90 : rem 232
43 POKE Y,L!P0KEY+CL,2 :rem 65
50 READHP:P0KEHF,HP!READ LP: POKELF, LPiREA
DDjPOKE54276, 17 : rem 40
60 F0RX=1T0D:NEXTX:P0KE54276, 16 ;rem 207
70 Y=Y+ltFORX=lTO10:NEXTX;IFL=32THENY=Y-l
! rem 161
80 IPY=1464THENY=1517 : rem 239
85 GOTO 42 : rem 12
90 READA$:IFA$="0"THEN100 : rem 137
92 READHP:READLP:READD ;rem 171
95 PRINT" [13 RIGHT} "A$:POKE54276, 17! POKEH
F,HP:POKELF,LP : rem 160
97 F0RI=1T0D+7;NEXT:P0KE54276,16:FQRX=1T0
10 :NEXT: PRINT" {home) " :GOTO90 : rem 50
100 FORX=1TO1500:NEXTX!RETURN : rem 146
170 DATA 1,34,75,310,2,34,75,310,3,51,97,
310,4,51,97,310,5,57,172,310 ;rem 49
171 DATA6, 57, 172,310 :rem 7
173 DATA 7,51,97,615,8,45,198,310,9,45,19
8, 310, 10,43,52,310, 11,43,52,310
:rem 216
175 DATA 12,38,126,120,13,38,126,120,14,3
8,126,120,15,38,126,120,16,34,75,602
:rem 187
177 DATA17, 51, 97, 3 10, IS, 51, 97, 310, 19, 45,1
98,601,20,43,52,310,21,43,52,310
srem 55
178 DATA2 2, 38, 126, 601, 23, 51, 97, 121
:rem 188
179 DATA 32,51,97,121,32,51,97,231,24,45,
198, 601, 25, 43, 52, 310, 32, 43, 52, 310
srem 5 5
181 DATA 26,38,126,605,0 srem 155
182 DATA"NOW" srem 237
183 DATA34,75,310,"{4 RIGHT} I" , 34, 75, 310,
"{6 RIGHT}KN0W", 51,97, 310, "{11 RIGHT}
MY" srem 45
184 DATA51,97,310. srem 121
185 DATA" [down} {4 RIGHT} A" , 57 , 172 , 310, "
(down} [5 RIGHT}b",57,172,310, "(DOWN]
E6 RIGHT}C'S",51,97,610 : rem 47
187 DATA" {2 D0WN}NEXT" , 45 , 198 , 310, "
(2 down} [5 RIGHT}TIME",45,198,310, "
{2 down) [10 RIGHT3wON'T" srem 26
188 DATA43,52,310 srem 117
189 DATA" {3 DOWN] YOU" , 43 , 52 , 310 , " E 3 DOWN}
J4 RIGHT}SING", 38,126, 310, "{3 DOWN}
{9 RIGHTJWITH" srem 94
190 DATA38, 126,310, "{5 DOWN] {5 RIGHT] ME",
34,75,630, "0" trem 28
200 PRINT" [home] (10 DOWN} [14 RIGHT] [RVS}
[bLU}aLPHA SHOOT" srem 218
202 LE=-1:KR=0 srem 4
200 COMPUTBfs Cazollo January 198'1
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
215
225
228
229
230
232
236
237
239
240
250
252
255
257
259
260
265
266
267
268
270
274
275
276
277
300
305
307
350
355
357
374
375
377
379
381
390
392
394
RIGHT]WHICH G
: rem 244
: rem 23 5
: rem 1
:rem 116
: rem 119
:rem 12 2
: rem 99
:rem 116
PRINT" {home] t 12 DOWN] {9
AME-l,2,3,OR 4"
POKE198,0:WAIT198,1:GETA$
IFA?="1"THEN211
IFA$="2"THENLE=0;GOTO 211
IFA$="3"THENLE=1;G0T0 211
IPA$="4"THENLE=2:G0T0 211
GOTO205
RETURN
R?="ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
: rem 110
PRINT" {CLRS '■ : POKEH, 83 : POKE532S1 , 0 : POK
E5 3280, 2 :GOSUB22a!POKE1065+V,R: RETURN
: rem 122
R=INT(LEN(R$)*RND(1)+1}:P=ASC(MID?(R$
,R, 1) )-64 :rem 31
IFLE=1THEN232 : rem 241
R$=LEFT$ ( R? , R~l } +RIGHT5 ( R$ , LEN ( RS ) -R}
!R=P :rem 56
V=INT(RND{1)*350+1) ; rem 234
IFLE=0THENKR=KR+1:R=KR : rem 144
IPLE=1THENPOKE198,0:WAIT198, l!GETB$ :R
=ASC(B?)-64 :reni 98
IFR>26ORR<0THENPQKE198,0:GOTO237
: rem 239
RETURN J rem 118
XV= ( PEEK ( 56320 )AND1 5) srem 130
JV=15-XV;KV=(PEEK( 56320) AND16)
:rem 208
IFJV=4THEND=-l:GOSUB274 : rem 161
IFJV=8THEND=l:GOSUB274 : rem 122
IFKV=0THENGOSUB300 : rem 127
RETURN :rem 120
GETA5!lFA$=""THEN270 ; rem 89
IFA$="C"THEND=-1 :GOSUB274 srem 187
IFA$="B"THEND=1 [GOSUB274 srem 142
IFPEEK( 197 )=60THENPOKE198, 0 : POKE197 , 0
:GOSUB300 j rem 248
RETURN :rem 121
H=H+D:IFH<1784THENH=17a4 : rem 130
IFH>1823THENH=1823 :rem 3
POKEHF, 10 : POKELF, 70
83:POKEH+CL,l
P0KE54276,33:P0KE542 76, 32
POKEH-D,32:
POKEH,
srem 58
RETURN
srem 133
G=HsFORU=lTO19;G = G-40 sIFPEEK(G) <>32TH
ENPOKEG,32:POKEG+40, 32 sGQTO350 : rem 92
POKE54276, 17 s POKEHF, U+60: POKELF, U+125
: POKEG, 30 : IFU> lTIiENPOKEG+40, 32 s rem 60
GOSUB435 sNEXTU: POKEG, 32 : P0KE54276 , 16 s
RETURN srem 227
POKE54283, 129:GOSUB374!POKE53280, 2 :P0
KE53281,0 srem 126
POKE54283,128:GOSUB390 : rem 239
GOSUB228:POKE1065+V, Rj RETURN srem 9
POKE53280,0sPOKE53281,2 : rem 245
POKE54276, 16 : POKEG , 90 : POKEG+40, 42 : POK
EG-40 , 42 : POKEG+1 , 42 s POKEG-1 , 42
3 rem 144
POKEG+41 , 77 : POKEG-41 , 77 s POKEG-39 , 78 s P
OKEG+39,78:FORL=0TO300:NEXT srem 108
POKEG, 32: POKEG+40, 32:POKEG-40, 32: POKE
G-l,32:POKEG+l,32 :rem 136
POKEG-41 , 32 : POKEG+41 , 32 s POKEG-39, 32 : P
OKEG+39, 32: RETURN ; rem 210
AB(R)=R:F0RX=1T022:P0KE1873+X,AB(X) :P
OKE1873+X+54272,7 srem 167
NEXTXsF0RX=23T026;P0KE1938+X,AB{X) : PO
KE1938+X+54272,7:NEXT srem 64
F0RX=1T026:IFAB(X)=32THENRETURN
srem 254
395 NEXTX s FORX=lT026 : AB ( X ) =32 iNEXTX : FORW=
lTO1000:NEXTWsGOSUB40sRUN srem 106
435 IFLE<2THENRETURN ; rem 57
436 Q=V+1065;IFPEEK(162) <41 THEN RETURN
440 IFQ>1742THENPOKEQ, 32 sV=2: RETURN
srem 221
44 2 POKEQ, 32 i POKEQ+l , Rs V=V+1 s POKE162 , 0
srem 28
445 RETURN srem 125
Machine Language
For Beginners
(Artkic on pa^c loi).)
BEFORE TYPING...
Before typing in programs, please refer to "How
To Type COMPUTEI's Gazette Programs," "A
Beginner's Guide To Typing In Programs," and
"The Automatic Proofreader" that appear before
the Program Listings.
Program 1 : vie Version
12288
LPY
# 0
12290
LDA
# 8
12292
STA
37888
,Y
12295
STA
38144
,Y
12298
STA
38656
,Y
12301
I NY
12302
BNE
12292
12304
LDY
# 0
12306
LDA
# 224
12308
STA
4096 ,
Y
12311
STA
4580 ,
Y
12314
I NY
12 315
CPY
i 22
12317
BNE
12308
12319
LDA
= 21
12321
STA
71
12323
LDA
# 16
12325
STA
72
L2327
LDX
# 24
12329
LDY
# 0
12331
LDA
# 224
12333
STA (
71 ).Y
12335
I NY
12336
STA (
71 ),Y
12338
DEX
12339
BEQ
12357
12341
CLC
12342
LDA
71
12344
ADC
i 22
12346
STA
71
12348
LDA
72
12350
ADC
# 0
12352
STA
72
12354
JMP
>
123;
12357
RTS
Program 3: vie basic Loader
1000 FORI = 12288T012 359s READ DA: POKE I , DA: N
EXT srem 145
12288 DATA 160,000,169,008,153,000
srem 131
COMPUTBI'i Gazette January 1984 201
12294 DATA 148,153,000,149,153,000
: rem 133
12300 DATA 151,200,208,244,160,000
; rem 112
12306 DATA 169,224,153,000,016,153
: rein 131
12312 DATA 228,017,200,192,022,208
: rem 12 7
12318 DATA 245,169,021,133,071,169
; rem 146
12324 DATA 016,133,072,162,024,160
: rem 127
12330 DATA 000,169,224,145,071,200
: rem 123
12336 DATA 145,071,202,240,016,024
; rem 126
12342 DATA 165,071,105,022,133,071
: rem 127
12348 DATA 165,072,105,000,133,072
, : rem 131
12354 DATA 076,041,048,096,013,013
: rem 138
Program 4: 64 basic Loader
1000 FORI=49152T049229:READ DA: POKEI,DA:
NEXT :rem 151
49152 DATA 160,000,169,008,153,000
: rem 131
49158 DATA 216,153,000,217,153,000
: rem 134
49164 DATA 218,153,000,219,200,208
; rem 138
49170 DATA 241,160,000,169,224,153
:rem 138
49176 DATA 000,004,153,192,007,200
trem 131
49182 DATA 192,040,208,245,169,039
s rem 159
49188 DATA 133,071,169,004,133,072
: rem 151
49194 DATA 162,024,160,000,169,224
:rein 143
49200 DATA 145,071,200,145,071,202
: rem 127
49206 DATA 240,016,024,165,071,105
: rem 1 36
49212 DATA 040,133,071,165,072,105
: rem 134
49218 DATA 000,133,072,076,044,192
: rem 143
49224 DATA 096,013,013,013,013,013
! rem 125
Graph Plotter
(Article on page 145.)
Program 1 : Graph Plotter-^4 Version
100 PRINT"[CLR}":POKE53281,0:POKE53 280,6
:rem 138
110 FORI=1230TO1261:POKEI,114:POKEI+542 72
,5:NEXT:REM TOP : rem 114
120 FORI=1270TO1790STEP40 ! POKEI , 107 : POKEI
+542 72, 5: NEXT: REM LEFT : rem 88
130 PORI=1301TO1821STEP40: POKEI, 115; POKEI
+54272,5:NEXT:REM RIGHT : rem 161
140 FQRI = 1830TOia61 s POKEI, 113 i POKEI+54272
,5:NEXT:REM BOTTOM : rem 98
202 COMPUreis Gazette January 1984
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
FORI=1351TO13a0; POKEI, 67; POKEI+54272,
5: NEXT -rem 66
FORI=1471TO1500 : POKEI , 67 ; POKEI+54272 ,
5; NEXT '.rem 64
FORI=1591TO1620:POKEI,67:POKEI+54272,
5:NEXT srem 71
FORI=1711TO1740! POKEI, 67; POKEI+54272,
5 :NEXT:P[UNT; PRINT: PRINT ! rem 154
PRINT ! PRINTSPC ( 4 ) " 1 5 " i PRINTSPC { 4 ) " 14
"!PRINTSPC(4) "13";PRINTSPC(4) "12"
:rem 145
PRINTSPC ( 4 )" 1 1 ": PRINTSPC { 4 )" 10 ": PRINT
SPC(5)"9":PRINTSPC(5)"8" : rem 102
PRItITSPC(5)"7":PRINTSPC{5)"6":PRINTSP
C(S)"5";PRINTSPC(5) "4" : PRINTSPC( 5 ) "3"
; rem 181
PRINTSPC ( 5 ) " 2 " ! PRINTSPC ( 5 ) " 1 " : PRINTSP
CC5)"0"
; rem 82
230 PRINTTAB [ 9 ) "A"SPC ( 4 ) "B "SPC { 4 ) "C "SPG ( 4
)"D"SPC(4)"E"SPC(4)"F" : rem 199
240 IFZ?="Y"THEN310 : rem 64
250 DATAA,B,C,D,E,F : rem 34
260 F0RI=1T06!READA$(I) :NEXTI : rem 38
270 DATA7,6,4, 13,8,14 :rem 49
280 F0RI=1T05:READD(I) :NEXTI : rem 7
290 DATA1792, 1797, 1802, 1807, 1812, 1817
: rem 116
300 FORI=1T06:READA(I} tNEXTI : rem 253
310 C=54272!F0RJ=1T06 : rem 202
320 FORK=1971T01975iPOKEK,32!NEXTKtPRINT"
[home] ";FaRL=lT022: PRINT :NEXTL
: rem 228
330 PRINT "VALUE FOR COLUMN ";A$(J);" (0-1
5 ) " . 1 rem 162
340 INPUTA5:IFVALCA$)=0THEN320 srem 31
350 AA=VAL{A$) : AA=INT (AA+. 5 ) :D=DtJ) :X=A(J
) srem 122
360 IFAA<0ORAA>15THEN320 ; rem 161
370 A=A(J)-(AA*40)+B0:GOSUB430:NEXTJ
:rem 41
380 PRINT" [home! ":F0RI=1T022!PRINT:NEXT:F
ORI=1971T01983;PaKEI,32!NEXT srem 75
390 PRINT"WISH TO DO IT AGAIN? (Y/N) "
:rem 55
400 GETZ?:IFZ$=""THEN400 srem 125
410 IFZ?="Y"THEN100 : rem 60
420 END 1 rem 109
430 IFAA=1THEN530 i rem 221
440 IFAA=0THEN RETURN : rem 37
450 POKEX,160;POKEX+1,231;POKEX+2,105
srem 162
460 POKEX+C , D ; POKE ( X+1 ) +C , D; POKE ( X+2 ) +C, D
:IFAA=2THEN490 srem 30
470 FORI=X-40TOASTEP-40 s POKEI , 160 s POKEI + 1
,231;POKEI+2,160 : rem 185
480 POKEI + C , D ; POKE ( I + l ) +C, D s POKE{ 1 + 2 ) +C , D
sNEXTI:GaTO510 : rem 56
490 POKEA, 247 : POKEA+1 , 208: POKEA+2 , 105
srem 107
500 POKEA+C, D : POKE {A+l)+C,Di POKE (A+2)+C,D
SGOTO530 srem 89
510 POKEA, 247s POKEA+1, 208: POKEA+2, 224
srem 102
520 P0KEA+C,D:P0KE(A+1)+C, Ds POKE( A+2 )+C, D
srem 80
530 POKEA-40,233:POKEA-39, 160 s POKEA- 38, 20
6 ;rem 105
540 POKE (A-40)+C,D: POKE (A-39)+C,D : POKE (A-
38)+C,D srem 172
550 RETURN srem 122
Program 2:
Graph Plotter— VIC Version
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
400
410
420
430
440
450
460
470
4B0
490
500
510
PRINT"{CLRl"!POKE36879,ll : rem 253
F0RI=7726TO7745 : POKEI , 114 s POKEI+30720
,5:NEXTI : rem 191
FORI=7748TO8034STEP22 : POKEI , 107 j POKEI
+30720, 5:NEXTI :rem 94
FORI=7767TO8053STEP22 : POKEI , 115 : POKEI
+30720, 5:NEXTI
FORI=8056TOa075i
,5;NEXTI
FORI=7793TO7810i
5:NEXTI
FORI=7859T07876:
5:NEXTI
; rem 96
POKEI , 113 : POKEI+30720
:rem 187
POKEI , 64 ! POKEI+30720,
:rem 148
POKEI, 64; POKEI+30720,
: rem 164
FORI=7925T07942 : POKEI , 64 iPOKEI+30720,
5: NEXT I
FORI=7991TO8008
5:NEXTI:PRINT
PRINTSPC{0)"15"
:reiTt 153
POKEI , 64 ! POKEI+30720 ,
! rem 94
PRINTSPC ( 0 ) " 14 " : PRINT
SPC(0)"13":PRINTSPC(0)"12"5PRINTSPC(0
}"11" srem 142
PRINTSPC ( 0 ) "10 " ! PRINTSPC ( 1 ) " 9 " : PRINTS
PC(1)'"8-':PRINTSPC(1)"7" i rem 44
PRINTSPC ( 1 ) "6 " ; PRINTSPC ( I) " 5 " : rem 170
PRINTSPC(l) "4":PRINTSPC(1)"3":PRINTSP
C ( 1 ) " 2 " : P RINTS PC ( 1) " 1 " : PRI NTS PC ( 1 ) " 0 "
: rem 147
PRINTTAB(4)"A"SPC(2)"B"SPC(2)"C"SPC(2
)"D"SPC(2)"E"SPC(2)"P" :rem 184
IFZ$="Y"THEN310 ; rem 64
DATAA,B,C,D,E,F ; rem 34
F0RI=1T06;READA${I) :NEXTI : rem 38
DATA7,6,4, 3,5,1 !rem201
F0RI = lT06:RE?iDD(l) :NEXTI : rem 7
DATA803 5 , 8038 , 8041 , 8044 , 8047 , 8050
:rem 113
P0RI=1T06:READA(I) :NEXTI s rem 2 53
C=30720!FORJ=1TO6 s rem 194
FORK=8138T08141:POKEK, 32 tNEXTK: PRINT"
{home] [19 DOWN}" :rem 179
PRINT" COLUMN ";A$CJ);" (0-15) ";
:rem 62
INPUT Y5:IFVAL(y?)=0THEN320 : rem 79
Y=VAL(Y$) :Y=INT(Y+.5) jD=D(J) !X=A{J)
I rem 23
IFY<0ORY>15THEN320 ; rem 79
A=A{J}-(Y*22)+44:GOSUB430:NEXTJ
PRINT" {home! {20 DOWN)"
PRINT"DO IT AGAIN? (Y/N)"
GETZ$:IFZ$=:""THEN400
IFZ$="Y"THEN100
END
IFY=1THEN530
IFY=0THENRETURN
POKEX, 160 : POKEX+1 ,231 : POKEX+2 , 105
;rem
POKEX+C , D : POKE ( X+1 ) +C , D j POKE ( X+2 ) +C , D
:IFY=2THEN490 ;rem 243
FORI=X-22TOASTEP-22 ! POKEI, 1 60 :P0KEI+1
,23l!POKEI+2, 160 :rem 185
POKEI+C , D : POKE { I+l ) +C , D : POKE ( 1+2 ) +C , D
:NEXTI:GOTO510 : rem 56
POKEA, 227:POKEA+l,20a:POKEA+2, 105
; rem 105
POKEA+C , D : POKE ( A+1 ) +C , D s POKE ( A+2 ) +C , D
:rem 89
POKEA+1 , 208 ; POKEA+2 , 224
:rem 100
rem 211
:rem 99
rem 125
; rem 60
rem 109
rem 180
rem 252
152
520 POKEA+C, D:P0KE(A+1 )+C, D!P0KE(A+2)+C,D
:rem 80
530 POKEA-22 , 233 : POKEA-21 , 160 : POKEA-20, 20
6 : rem 87
540 POKE ( A-22 ) +C , D ! POKE ( A-21 ) +0, D : POKE ( A-
20)+C,D irem 154
550 RETURN : rem 122
64 BASIC Aid
(Article on page 156.)
BEFORE TYPING...
Before typing in programs, please refer to "How
To Type COMPUTEI's Gazette Programs," "A
Beginner's Guide To Typing In Programs," and
"The Automatic Proofreader" that appear before
the Program Listings.
! GOTO 5 30
POKEA, 227
39852 ;173, 254, 159, 133,055, 173,095
39858 j255, 159, 133,056, 169,076,002
39864 !l33, 124, 173, 217, 155, 133, 095
39870 : 125, 173, 218, 155, 133, 126,096
39876 !076, 143, 156, 240,003,076, 122
39882 :008, 175 , 169, 201 , 133 , 124, 244
39888 : 169,058, 133, 125, 169, 176,014
39894 : 133, 126, 096, 219, 155, 133, 052
39900 !l39, 134, 151, 186, 189,001, 252
39906 :001,201,140, 240,016, 208,008
39912 :002, 164, 140, 166, 151, 165, 252
39918 ; 139, 201, 058, 176, 003, 076, 123
3 9924 :128,000,096, 189,002,001, 148
39930 : 201, 164, 208, 23 7, 165, 139,084
39936 :016,002,230,122,132,140,130
39942 ! 162,000, 134, 165, 202, 232, 133
39948 : 164, 122, 185,000,002,056,029
39954 =2 53,217,159,240,019,201,083
39960 : 128, 240,019, 230, 165, 232,014
39966 ! 189, 216, 159,016, 250, 189,025
39972 :217, 159, 208, 228, 240, 191, 255
39978 : 2 32, 200, 208, 224, 132, 122, 136
39984 5 165,165,010,170,189,245,224
39990 : 159,072, 189,244, 159,072,181
39996 : 032, 233, 155,076, 115,000, 159
40002 : 032, 178,157, 165,095, 166,091
40008 ; 096, 133,036, 134,037,032,028
40014 :019, 166, 165, 095, 166,096, 017
40020 5 144,010,160,001,177,095,159
40026 :240,004, 170, 136, 177,095, 144
4003 2 :133,122,134,123, 165,036,041
40038 ! 056, 229, 122, 170, 165, 037, 11 3
40044 ; 229, 123, 168,176,030,138,204
40050 :024, 101, 045, 13 3, 045, 152, 102
400 56 : 101,046, 133,046, 160,000,094
40062 :177, 122,145,036,200,208,246
40068 : 249, 2 30, 123, 230,037, 165,142
40074 5 046,197,037, 176, 239, 032, 097
40080 5 051,165, 165,034, 166,035, 248
40086 5 024,105,002, 133,045,144,091
40092 : 001, 232, 134,046,032,089,178
40098 5 166,076,131, 164, 032, 124,087
40104 5 165,032, 115,000, 133,139,240
40110 1162,000,134,073,032,140,203
40116 : 157, 165, 165, 201, 000, 208,052
40122 5 007,162,002,134,073,03 2,084
40128 5 140,157,032,115,000,240,108
COMFUTEVs Gazelle Januc3ryl9e4 203
40134 !003, 032, 253, 174,032, 178, 102
40140 1 157, 165,095, 166,096, 133,248
40146 :122, 134, 123,032, 215, 170, 238
40152 :208,011,200, 152,024,101, 144
40158 :122.133, 122, 144,002,230,207
40164 ; 123,032, 202, 159, 240,005, 221
40170 :0 32, 220, 157, 176,003,076, 130
40176 :143, 156,132,085,230,085,047
40182 : 164,085, 166, 049, 165, 050, 157
40188 ! 133, 139, 177, 122, 240, 216, 255
40194 : 221, 000,002, 208, 237, 232, 134
40200 ! 200, 198, 139, 208, 241, 136, 106
40206 J 132, 011, 132, 151, 165,073, 166
40212 !240, 091,032, 240, 157, 165, 177
40218 ;052,056, 229,050, 13 3, 167, 201
40224 !240,040, 200, 240,202, 177,107
40230 1122,208,249,024,152,101,126
402 36 ! 167, 201, 002, 144, 064, 201, 055
40242 -.07 5,176,060,165,167,016,197
40248 : 002, 198, 139,024,101,011,019
402 54 ! 13 3,151,176,005,032,036,083
40260 !l58, 240, 003,032,012, 158, 159
40266 :165, 151, 056, 229,052, 168, 127
40272 : 200, 165, 052, 240, 01 5, 133,117
40278 !l40, 166,051, 189,000, 002, 122
40284 :145,122,232,200,19a, 140, 105
40290 :20B, 245,024, 165, 045, 101, 118
40296 :167, 133,045, 165,046,101, 249
40302 : 139, 133,046, 165, 122, 166, 113
40308 : 123, 13 3,095, 134, 096, 166,095
40314 1067,165,068,032,061,158,161
40320 :032, 225,255,169,000,133,174
40326 Jl98, 164,151,076, 242, 156,097
40332 :164, 122, 200, 148,049, 169, 224
40338 :000, 149,050, 185,000, 002, 020
40344 :240,021,197,139,240,005,226
403 50 5 246,050, 200, 208, 242, 132, 212
40356 ! 122, 096, 201, 171, 240,004,230
40362 ! 201, 045, 208, 001, 096, 076, 029
40368 J 008, 175,144,005,240,003,239
40374 :032, 166,157,032, 107,169,077
40380 ; 032, 019, 166,032,121,000,046
40386 s 240, 01 1,032, 166, 157, 032, 064
40392 ! 115, 000, 032, 107, 169, 208,063
40398 ! 224, 165, 020, 005, 021, 208, 081
40404 :006, 169,255, 133,020, 13 3, 160
40410 ! 02 1,096, 032, 202, 159, 133, 093
40416 : 067, 032, 202, 159,133,068, 117
40422 :056, 165,020, 229,067, 165, 164
40428 :021, 229,068, 096, 165, 122, 169
40434 : 133, 034, 165, 123, 13 3, 03 5,097
40440 : 165, 045, 133,036, 165,046,070
40446 : 133, 037,096, 165,034, 197, 148
40452 5 036, 208,004,165,03 5,197, 137
40458 !037, 096, 164,011, 200, 177, 183
40464 1034,164,151,200,145,034,232
40470 5 032,001,158, 208,001,096,006
40476 5 2 30,034,208,236,230,035,233
40482 1208,232,164,011,177,036,094
40488 5 164,151,145,036,032,001,057
40494 :158, 208,001,096, 165,036, 198
40500 5 208,002,198,037,198,036,219
40506 5 076,036,158, 160,000,132, 108
40512 :165, 132,015,032,205,189,034
40518 5 169,032,164,165,041,127,000
40524 5 032,210,255,201,034,208,248
40530 5 006,165,015,073,255,13 3,217
40536 5 015,200,177,095,240,025,072
40542 5 016,236,201,255,240,232,250
204 COMPUTEI's Gazelle Januoryl9e4
40548
40554
40560
40566
40572
40578
40584
40590
40596
40602
40608
40614
40620
40626
40632
40638
40644
40650
40656
40662
40668
40674
40680
40686
40692
40698
40704
40710
40716
40722
40728
40734
40740
40746
40752
40758
40764
40770
40776
40782
40788
40794
40800
40806
40812
40818
40824
40830
40836
40842
40848
40854
40860
40866
40872
40878
40884
40890
40896
40902
40908
40914
40920
40926
40932
40938
40944
40950
40956
1036,015,
1032,124,
5 048,214,
5246,032,
5160,157,
5132,175,
5 160,000,
5174,208,
5 174,016,
5107,169,
5165,021,
5174,032,
!l33,051,
5032,142,
5032,202,
5172,159,
5 202,159,
5156,032,
5145,122,
5 098,145,
s240, 226,
5 202,159,
5034,208,
5 240,197,
5240,238,
5233,162,
5240,005,
:221, 165,
5123,133,
5176,211,
5 081,159,
!l65,059,
5162,000,
5 048,144,
5000,144,
5104,160,
: 208, 232,
5 008,032,
5000, 144,
5184,208,
5032,202,
5 208,008,
5133,098,
:159, 197,
5 202, 159,
5032, 209,
5210,255,
5183,159,
5159,230,
5230,045,
5 096,032,
5032,012,
5002,198,
5032,240,
5011,132,
5 133,099,
5076, 142,
5101,051,
5101,052,
:159,208,
5230,122,
5177,122,
5167,067,
5197,068,
: 197, 070,
5 073,076,
5066,069,
5 065,156,
sl52, 158,
048,228,
158,200,
032,210,
215,170,
132,174,
056,233,
202,240,
002,230,
246,048,
165,020,
133,054,
107, 169,
165,021,
166,032,
159,208,
032,202,
208,003,
202,159,
032,202,
122,032,
032,202,
032,202,
011,032,
201,034,
170,240,
004,221,
202,208,
122,133,
060,032,
032, 107,
165,060,
133, 122,
189,000,
017,072,
003,032,
000,145,
032,115,
145,159,
248,201,
150,032,
159,032,
169,255,
048,014,
020,208,
197,021,
189,169,
032,202,
240,210,
151,032,
208,002,
162,159,
158,165,
046,198,
157,160,
151,096,
165,054,
166,165,
133,099,
133,098,
251,096,
208,002,
096,137,
072,065,
069,076,
073,078,
204,078,
210,000,
165, 156,
172,013,
132,
177,
255,
056,
160,
127,
238,
175,
241,
133,
032,
165,
133,
202,
033,
159,
076,
165,
159,
183,
159,
159,
202,
208,
188,
212,
248,
059,
115,
169,
133,
160,
001,
032,
130,
122,
165,212
174,203
208,055
096,165
160,043
170, 255
230,182
177,084
032,137
053,033
253,050
020,065
052,215
159,143
032,082
032,178
143,219
099,247
165,009
159,185
032,087
201,157
159,110
247,085
016,056
159,217
240,119
165,103
000,219
032,233
123, 233
000, 157
201,077
115,214
159,004
232,049
000, 176,055
032, 121,051
044,240, 181
172,159,215
202,159,102
133,099, 194
032, 202,111
015,032, 221
208,011,138
032,076,053
159,032,242
032, 162,088
036,158, 130
230,046,131
198,151,174
045, 208,002
045,096,229
000,132,115
165,053,008
133,098,088
099,024,084
165,098,065
032,202,042
160,000,048
230,123,095
138,141,253
078,071,224
069,084,017
196,075,149
085,077,059
165,156,138
198,155,117
013,013,005
VtC 20^"/COMMODORE M^
Ridgo flunnsr '';;r Uic unf.^t'cifiii'.'^l V'lU ,■[} ;j'i r.ipn or di'^'^ rcr
nul UK)"/;, m.fchirit! Ininyuiiqe Maneuve? youf muirfcofaf UFO
imough a 'idld g1 iilinJony rnmfiii whie tJliiiling ^pinminq aslerOicJi
Hnu vdiriou^ Rnerriy stiipj wiih laser lirp fPiVijn?^ inciufli! .1
nori/nnlal'v isffoilmq plflyt>e1i3. Hi'TeMiuliCm/mgllicolor Qf^pfiics
ence'^iem iC(Lifi.o, hiflh 5CFP. pauw uuitcm uonus sftipt d^a. ever
i^r-^tasjnjj yirets 0! tiilhcglty Jov^licli refluiredl Pnce SU9S
Dungeani — l& r^e VIC 20 wiin 16K eiip^n^Qrt and lape or d'sJi
Create criarjcEe's lo f-nphKe ^ tAi?lve JEv^i [Jung£C(i which contains
l?Ct) indtiv.-du^f f&onis At[er ytKj pcjrcfiase you' wespejrt anO ar-
mor yog will Una v,»s( [features anc tJo bjlTle ttifhi over lifty Svpe^
of manstefs wf^>ch you must slay *or experience points Your
charadflr s\w ^.is [ti*f ability To cast nijm£3rDi,is sptills aid you are
given (tie option of s.3virtg Itie garrf? ig lipe or flisk 135 your
cifi^Mtitfj LfiSiii^ "Jtrengih ^nij ej(peri(?nce txco'icni &&und find
l^ree Cimeniional [)r,!|ihi{:5 .id(] tu (tic B<[:ilHMienl Prce StJ 9&
Pik AUaa - fffi itie ynetpanfled ViC 20 wftti Upe of a«sii W*A
macfiiTie yngiKij^ *'[.4d&-sty»e game Cuit&m qrao^it ctiaijcief*
and 100 kvt\i 01 inerEdS'ng ditdcuity Guide ytiuf ai>cn rtfrQugh j
truit 01 tnieipuneuiy $pac0 p^rtceSi dodqing [He seven >vii
aliens and cle*f the ihoars pefare itie dornfj f-rrpr runs out
CHEA TSHEer PRODUCTS ■' \^
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206 COMPUTEI's Caicllc Jonuaryl984
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MATH
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•A slfill levei setting for all tne abo«
OTHER FEATURES INCLUDE;
■MUW •tCIO't'JIlllltl •IJfgeCtl.SrJdtr ifl
■ uiei Dffineo Mtinq wluei-im m awmme unm
TO ,iuiajS»3TO to int rteit tevd iiEtoi tt iMHtnqrrni'
•fc sinft fun tiui ii^mst Tif ru<i< ititn a time laiut
;ti2t ijiU cjn ^elert'
SC HOOL DlSCni NTS MMUUll Pntes goDIl Mill 1 2<'! 1 '3 S
SEN3 CHf rn CR MCrif * ORDEB F0«
S19«,„„„„ S215^D,«Emi ra
Educational Software Products
POBoiEioiit • littltton.Ceioiidoio^ll
VIC 20 COMMODORE 64
UMI / VIC 20
Spiders of Mars iCl $29.95
Meteor Run tCI $29.95
Amok III $16.95
Sat & Met ICl $29.95
UMI / New forC~64
Pennant Drive $29.95
2 player baseball strategy
Motor Mania $29.95
hi-performance racing game
fuego $29,95
fight tire-throwtng drones
to save the space crew
TOTL SOFTWARE
TOTLText 2.6 IDI $34.00
TOTL Label 2.6 [01 $20.00
Send cash, check or money order to:
ARIES MARKETING CO.
F!0. Box 4196
4200 Shannon Drive
Baltimore, Maryland 21205
Md. residents add 5% state sales tax
Kiorr Cooimodofej ctwwwmx
jgysrm
SPECIAL NEW f^lCE
REDUCED TO i 9.95
Kritt r-— nnnri" CtBpitl'frl* JtrritUkt tor Atari TQ,
Attf\ iOOfKd/'miO K, At VI ii^b, rr— -iilMi-i iflC-JD,
Cem^oetif* bA, %**rt rldao fftmi*, ML UCI vid
Pvi«»nlc JUOCr ■ Ah Ct tPip atwi *rt tf iiiiiirkii
en r*giit«ra4 IradHHurkt.
TM JifiH/Jult ifl^ Jitb* o* Vidlpt hfl^ajln* •t«Tv4
Th«T TM| ouTttandlriQ Joyitlc^ >*i ratwf n^ic*r 1 l«i
■c:t«*l gi*« pMrlgt-mmrVW Owtr Jtid p\K^ Sp«c tf >f I «wo ,
iff H^it viC£. Via 4th pli£B Olmaanar.
HMi tO« C«n Pb^As** ttlil (V* WJnfilnp RtfT
amaxK cs^atisk jutitic?. for onir tt.H.
C^liflnillf InTfM MCVC trifl V3t< HmTI git* I Qa f ^
lie,fi'3. ir row ira t ^laltl**, f** 'tilTCMMJTTEn*
h«i pii|« &a*<i rmivt^e td 117. tJ. Ott9t tmytrH Iw
ind giT* yovT Tifllly and IriiM, TMi ^tact
icxn^Mitwi^ piit. F'rica iticiiiMi «/art'* full I yttr
llBJTad narrttM'f .
KRAFT COMMODORE STICK
KHAFT SWITCHHITTER
i 9.95
112.95
mclb4a trltt' irour Cf4CP GF ■CHIj 'OT**', l?>00 Hr*
irJc* liv hA^4L■l^s ar.d inl^Jh^ cnarpviL Calllarnia
rti|«*4iTl <«i] 61 IpkBK t«k. PlHt* ailCM 1 na^t f£>r-
aallrai'TL ioTii, n« COC^i.
C R CONCEPTS mc
104 CALLE CUERVO
SAN CLEMENTE, CA 92S72
EXPAND YOUR
VIG 20® MEMORYl
Altord.ible Mem-
,_^^ ory Expander lets
• ' *• ^^^« ^°" •''^^ ^^ ^'^^
' ^b i^k CircuFts as your
' ^Bf * ^^k needs increrise
Jg/^B (Upto3GK.)
Mother BMr!) wilh Imlructioits '3 9"
Kmtt Boinl & Sockets wilh Instructioni .... *54"
[^mplels Kit wllh Cibinil |3SKi '159"°
tssBintlBil S Ttsted Eipindcr [35K| *1 89°°
Eich Ud'l ZK UJp |Up fo feOK pigid RAM)
i'l SHIfpingl *8"
Send Cfteck or Money Ofder to
PERIPHERAL DEVELOPMENT
P O Box 282^7
St Loujs. MO 63132
^AddS^S M Vi.ilADun re5irHjnci9 adfl 5'»'S, (jm>
f^fii-MS v,b|«'cML)cN.Hfn;r ■Aiir'<,,jr rir..iu:<-
VH » h* a rri]4l*mDrL or ■Cftntmod ftK« E Ifclf onlci. LKf
RJ.S.T. Inn. ANNOUNCES
SPEECH
SYNTHESIZER
-jr SALENS
$59.
§nft (Crllars
PRESENTS
t..^MlS^NDlJTlL.IIl[.SK1R TH^ VIC^ n 1
O'fUiil D«rfa)r-P.irhinuiL»t>l hrTtlnM with tfjllu[jiML>
iillfh Rl»((-A possible misiioft rrAiiii(i,h[ wiEh Audio
^;-.ii^il '■ mcnidl cymndbLit^ Jciy^htk f f [( U i rc [J
Uri\ Vf £inlj Siij y,
S^uper Cipher- Deripher colof or symbol ctiMJcs. IklcLl
lcfi*^h and linftLV InfiniHc \c-wc\\ ijl riiltkull'^ I or I
■■'■ H^'vlt' Aulu Pvriuniib4.<r dt'li-lii;- \ a\\ rfiTJTr HAS It
i|f'Hrt',im lin^r*- Suh-rnuTiftr Nbr jr^
V'. l''J (|.l*<>
Mcriu |>ri>mpti.-\] Alpha rufftfrtf tort* Ejwi> U^lorc'it
tfivnuK needs
ffi X nn.r> Dn*.l( feqyifed 4 Ki <*'.
SEND CHECK Oft MONEY ORDER TOj
SOFTCELLARS. INC.
«3a RUE nOTAL SUITE IJl
riE W ORLEANSr LA. 70 I 1*
FREE
MEMORY FOR YOUR VIC-2a
PLUS A LIHLE EXTHA
32K Oynamrc Ram ■ Same type as Commodors W
2JK Used ncrrrally. (or full expansion Blocks 1.3. S3
"EXtRA" BK maps mlo block 5. normally used tor ROM
cartfidges IGaiTiBsl
Accesses Irom BASIC tor dala slotagt. only
(hiDUBh PEEK and POKE
Accesses m assembler for data, or wdte your own
games 4 boot inio them normally
Ihe3K "Block 0' ram has t>een intentionally letllieelnr
tht VIC Superexpander
Each 8K block can bs switobed m or oul fOf
compatabilily with gam&s. or oltier peripherals
Powered by your UIC-20 1175 ma typi
Plugs directly into VIC Mpansion slot, or motderboard
Complele. avserabled and lested
9C day No questions asked" money back return
5 year manufaeidrer s warranty
5109.95
TEHPUS
Depi G101 S32 Brown TtiriJsn.Wrctiita.KS 67212
Ksnoimg charges. aodSS.OO
Personal checks lake3 weeJis to clear, before we snip
We carry ibe mine KETEC line lor VIC.20 and CM Write lor
irteraiuie.
MasterCariJ & Vis3 — Send card number fl expiralion date
VlC-?0 1- Commodore 64 are Corr^niodDre IrademArlis
Advertise your
program or product
for the VIC-20 or
64 here and
reach hundreds
of thousands of
readers,
2+1 EXPANDER
HUlLStRVICE EXPANSION
[JOfiNECTOflS BIGHrJ.WLE
M*iNECt(lB. DAISK CHAIN
I . l! rOGFTHEB
,,._ ! SPECttl SmitlHED
SEVEWl CONNECtOfl FOR BLOCK ASSIGNMENTS
'm^m RAM BLOCK '29."
CAntFtlOtiE jK MEMOm EX^AKSlBN CAFtD
SCRtIN PMMPIS ASS!M!il((J 1N[I lEStfO
S I(MS BASIC Ofl Biflf en CiPCUl I re 10 MC OB CW
MACHWt PHOGRUIS BOWP ll.9i
FOfl VIC ?il
VM (MP IME
FtlONtllALaUt
WUEASllCiDTIIIDGES
CARTRIDGE
PROGRAMMER
MHISWIIHFmLWl
(tVMM
MMtMOm
nroumii
HO mma ctupas
GAZETJl SPfCIAL
7TH FLEET *29.95
saotBSSAOs
'49,'^ SPT Mot
MIGHTY 5
CSS)
i run s{Pvic{ ExpitiSiON co«iN(i;t[tEis
S [in WARE CONTROL DE blOCk (NABLI LINES
nUAl RESET SWITCXES: BESET IK. DR MCRII' i ,
iGOio l:l}^NE:IOBs:l uses sekhal games dr rsm csbds si once
These and other fine products available from:
aUEUE PHODUCTS
{3t3/»l&666S
BOX 7655 / DEARBORN, Ml 48121
- DBALER INQUIRY ftWUeSTm
The Banner MachiiKE'"^
For tre ComrrodDfc M ri culfft Ifontt available)
fQT ^he VK-20 wiin Q4K memory (3 extra fonts
dvdiidtjle) • Use on any Gemini or Epson MX with
Graftrax cr The FX and RX pnnterv Also Commo-
dore 1525E and Banana with the C-64. * Menu-
driven pro3ram operates like fl wofd processor, •
Makes signs up to 13" tall by any lenatn. • Makes
borders of widths up to ^-'i". ■ 8 sties of fetter^
from Vi" toS" higih. • Proportionat spacmg. Auto-
matic centenng; Right and le't Justifying. • 519.95
Tope or Disk (Specify computer cqu(pi7j«nt>
For the Comm«dor« 64t
Space Raidfr An flni5?in3 arcflde suTiulallon. Your
mtssion is to destroy the enemy ship?, S19.95
Super Roller Chaltengjng dice game. Sprite graph-
ics and sound. Yahtzce-styie rules of oioy. s"l4.95
Microbroker Exciting, realistic and educational
stock market simulatton. &34,95 Tap^e or Disk
Preschpol Educational Program* ABC Fun^ l?3Fijn;
and Ginger the Cat with Addition and Subtraction,
Number Hunt, and Letter Hunt. All programs have
tri3ht color, music, and action EftCh 514 9&
formulater A Kientific calculator toi tasks which
require repetitive artthmehc compulations Save
formuJas and numenc expfessions S57 95
Sprite Editor The easy way to create, COi>y, alter,
and save up to 1^4 sprite shapes. S34.9S
Cross Aefercnce Generator for BASIC pro^rami
Locates imes wrth BASJC words or variable names
and allows cnangei, and more. S19.95
VlC-30 Prosrams Alto Available. Ask far Catalog.
«9 Cardinal Software '
=^
Viiujl'.iii Micto IJyMfrii .
I ^|■■i^^ J if It DdViii Ihfih'Jifay
Wi:iMi.i])El(Jytj, VitU]f!,]j22]9]
Phona (203) 491-6502
£ rjn-.mir>,j.^rif a« rtnn vK ffU i't irqiilnpfl
T' fl.:jf fftflr* ^ a* toni>iM:iciorr lifclmnifmd
C-64
PCI'S COMPLETE PRACTICAL
GUIDE TO THE COMMODORE 64
Where the C-64's owner's manual falls down or
leaves off. PCI's Guide to Ihe C-64 keeps you go-
ing. OvoT 200 pages of practical mtornnalion lo help
you get the most out o( yoLjr Commodore.
The GLiide gives special atteniion to graphics and
sound capabilities and provides practical, in-depth
d I sc u ssion s of programs spec i ficall y d eveloped lo r
the Guide.
SPECtALOFFER:Togelyourcopyearlyandsave
S2 off the retail price, send check or money order
for$t2.95ti8(ore January 15 to:
PEBSONALCOMPUTERS, INC.
4533 BAILEY AVENUE
AI»/IHERST. NY 14226
Dealer inquiriescall: (716)832-8800
CQMPUTEt's GazellB January 1 9B4 207
ADVERTISERS
\,
leader Service Number/Advertiser Page
102 Aordvark Action Soflwttre 85
103 Acodotiiy Software , . 147
104 Adventure Irtternational 71
The Alien Group 129
American Peripherals 144
Aries Marl(eting 206
Arl( Innovations, Inc. . 206
Assembly Technolog)' 1 55
105Atari,lnc 22,23
106 Avalon HitI Game Company ..... 61
Bcsco Products 154
107 Blue Sky Software 37
108 Blue Sky Software 67
109 BrrfderbundSoftwore IFC
Bytes and Bits 205
Capabilities, Lid 134
nOCardcolnc. IBC
111 Cardinal Software 207
Century Micro Products 155
n2Cheatslieet Products 205
Commodore BC
113 Compatible Systems Inc 128
1 14 Comprehensive Software 97
1 15 Computer Discount 159
The Computer Entrepreneur 119
Computer Mail Order 125
ComputerMat 121
Computer Outlet 149
IliComStar 147
Continental Concepts 205
Cosmopolitan Software 49
C R Concepts Inc 206
117 Creative Software 40,41
1 18 Creative Soflwore 42,43
1 19 Crown Computer and Software .. 129
Dotamost, Inc 53
Dolamost, Inc. 79
Driver Electronics 205
120 E, Aitliur Brown Company 64
121 Eastern House 153
■ Educotionol Software Products . , 206
Elcomp Publishing, Inc 95
Electronic Arts 2,3
Electronic Arts 26,27
Electronic Arts 29
Electronic Arts 31
E-M Technologies 205
Farthest Fringe S.A 205
1 22 First Star Software Inc 1
123 French Silk TOO
124 House of Software 138
Hytec Systems 74
Impact Marketing Inc 25
Interesting Softwore 115
International Tri Micro 91
Internotional Tri Micro 93
125 Jack Degnan Associates 127
126 Joy Sun Enterprizes, Incorporated . 147
1 27 John Henry Software 206
K.R. Pullman Ill
K-2 Electronics Design Corp 94
Ksoft Co 205
Lctco ... . 100
128 MicroDigital 73
208 COMFUWs Gaialla January 1984
Reader Service Number/Advertlier Page
Micro Software International, Inc. . 151
Microtech , 155
129 Micro Wore 18
130 Micro Ware 115
Micro World Eleclronix, Inc 159
131 Midwest Micro Inc 1 33
Mirage Concepts, Inc 135
MMG Micro Software . 65
Mosaic Electronics 36
Mystic Software 154
Northland Accounting 155
NRI School of Electronics 105
Niifekop . 131
Olympic Sales Company 74
132 Orion 87
Otog Users Group 206
Otto Systems 206
Porallel Systems 206
133 Parker Brothers 15
Porker Brothers 17
Peripheral Development 207
Personal Computers, Inc 207
134 Practical Programs 127
135 Precision Software 51
136 Professionol Software Inc 7
137 Protecto Enterprizes 54,55
138 Protecto Enterprises 98,99
139 Protecto Enterprizes 116,117
140 Public Domain, Inc 205
Queue Products 207
Quicksilva 89
141 Rainbow Computer Corporation . 109
142 R.I.S.T. Inc 207
Rocky Software 1 28
Scarborough Systems 4
Screenplay 69
SJ8 Distributors Inc 163
1 43 Skyles Electric Works 75
1 44 Skyles Electric Works 143
145Softax, tnc 152
Soft Cellars, Inc 207
146 Soft-Guide 128
SoftLow 1 39
147 Softroders International 206
Softron, Inc 63
148 Software Gallery . 153
Software To Go 59
149 Software Warehouse Outlet 158
Spinnaker 11
Spinnaker 9
150 Star Micronics Inc 21
Starpoint Software 157
Strategic Simulations , 83
151 subLOGIC Corporation 45
152 subLOGIC Corporation 47
suchA-Deall software 161
1 53 Sungem 1 57
SunSoft 147
Synapse 34,35
154 Systems Management Associates . 107
155 Systems Manogemerrt Associates . 113
1 56 Tempus 207
157Tenex Computer Marketing
Systems 57
Reader Service Number/Advertiser Page
158Totl Softwore, Inc 133
Tronix 1 2,13
Tronix 77
Tymoc Incorporated 81
U. C. Software 94
159Vaisala1nc 84
Voranger Computing 28
1 60 Victory Software Inc 101
York 10 28
COMPUTEI's First Book of
Commodore 64 137
COMPUTEI's GAZEHE 33
COMPUTEI's VIC Library 141
GAZETTE Bock Issues 123
"-Fr-
Cardco Presents
. 1 1- ■
*
A
k
16 Key Keypad for the VIC-20
and Commodore 64™
TheCARDKEY/1 provides
J an additional
•^ programabie 16 Iteysto
: either the VIC or 64. This fs
a separate pad that piugs
into the ioysticl< port of
your computer. It comes
"^A^ith tape programs
(tTansferabietodisl<) that
allow the user to define
fthe16l<eysasany
Viumber, letter or
character string value. It
; additional^ttows the
Vceys to be'defined as
arings] Another function
ayailcbie is the direct
caJculator mode in which
you use your computer OS
1 a calculator. For example
you press 5 + 5:Ceriter)
and the compter prints
lOonthescr^n.
Suggested retail: $39:95
'f;Se© us at
Fall '83
November 28-December 2. 1983
Las Vegas Convention Center
Las Vegas, Nevada
The CARDKEY features:
• 16l<eyslaidoutina
calculator format
• All keys are user
definable
• Keys can be defined as
any character
• Keys can be defined OS
cpmplete strings
• Optional calculator
mode
■(*£i<^«'w- ZjkI
See a complete line of American
made Cardco Products at a
compLrterstoreneoryou, today. /
' 313 IVlAttiewson • Wichita, Kansas 67214 • (316) 267-6525
i^dJ^9-20 AC-64 are registered Irademortuof 4
are Business Sy^j^ems^me:
cardcD.Irt£.
It writes, rales,ciea1es,
even telecommunicates.
Costs less,does more-
tlie Commodore 64.
When
Commodore
introduced
the 64,
the iiidustiy
suddenly
realized tliat
there would be a
computer in eveiy home,
scliool and business years before anyone
ever dreamed.
That's because Commodore 64 halved
the piice of high technology: while
you can compare
ihe 64's capabilities
withtlioseofany
sophisticated business
PC, you can com-
pare its price witli
tliat of an average television.
What can you do with it? Create widi
its high resolution
Sprite Graphics.
*TPP^S*]*1J Add a printer and
*^i^*^ . fl6)t*i type with it. Add
a disk drive to use
v^— '•w'-
spread sheets and other financicil
programs. Learn and
play music tlirougli
your home sound sys
tem on the 64's
k-Z^
<D
i^
c*
professional quality music syi^itliesizer.
Add a modem, and hook up witli
the vast computer networks tlirougli
your telephone. In short, the
Commodore 64
is the ultimate
personal computer,
at a price
you can afford.
COMMODORE 64
. 'il»«— ■ mttvmiar^^
<M^^»WW<fcHiWft>»;
Live Music
Archive
Librivox
Free Audio
Metropolitan Museum
Cleveland
Museum of Art
Internet
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Console Living Room
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